...Fiona Foley's public art sculpture Bibles and Bullets as a focal point, public art as aboriginal tradition, and public art as a postmodern concept will be analysed. Located in Redfern park, Redfern, the artist's sculpture stands on the ground of great historical context to indigenous people. The context of not only Redfern park, but also the suburb of Redfern holds significant meaning to Aboriginal Australians. In the 1920's indigenous Australians migrated from rural areas of NSW to Redfern. Since then, the Aboriginal communities of Redfern have faced numerous hardships (creative spirits 2014). Redfern Park was the site of Paul Keating's famous 'Redfern Park speech'. The site links both postmodernity and tradition in its meaning, purpose, and structure. The postmodernistic use of art as a way to disrupt movement and space challenges traditional artistic conventions. Fiona Foley is an indigenous artist who was commissioned to work on numerous public art installations. Her art does not depict traditional indigenous scenes such as the dream time, but rather has meaning deeply rooted in the modern history of the invasion of indigenous land. Foley uses public art because once in the public domain, you can't look away. Redfern, and Redfern park both hold significance relating to indigenous Australians. Redfern was the largest Aboriginal populated area in Sydney. In the 1920's Aboriginal people began to move from rural areas to Redfern in search of work at the Redfern Everleigh...
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...the wage gap, while others attempt to lessen the discrimination faced by those who conflict with society’s sexual orientation standards. However, the most important inequality plaguing Canadian cities today is the nation’s systematic mistreatment of Indigenous people, perpetuated by historic...
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...My Urban Rez Marvin Francis | November 1st 2004 | 1 I am part of the massive migration of Aboriginal peoples to the city. I was raised by a single mother who moved us to Edmonton (and many other places) from the Heart Lake First Nation to avoid residential school for my siblings and me. Since then, and I have been on my own since I was 16 years old, I have lived in many sites: small towns, the bush and the highways, but the longest period of my life has been in the Urban Rez, especially Winnipeg and Edmonton. The first city experience(s), loaded with culture shock, had mostly negative impact. The in-your-face racism of the seventies, when I first began to live on my own, led to extreme difficulty in finding a place to rent, employment and acceptance in the urban culture in general. As a result, I often have had to live in “the hood,” where the sounds of a blaring siren become normal. As a writer, perhaps this was beneficial as I weaved my way through the pawn shops, the Main Street strip and its competing cousins in other cities, the hot-dog carts, the panhandlers, the cash-your-check joints and all of the other street signposts. I watched the first appearances of graffiti grow from artistic to social menace, and I was not surprised. The Aboriginal gang cultures also scratch for space in the urban landscape, as gangs from other segments of contemporary society surface. All of these violent, down-and-out ingredients formed my first impressions of this city environment. My reaction...
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...Damian – Introduction – Migration in Canada * Why do we have to look at internal migration in Canada? Why is it important? * Even from the beginning of Canadian history, The Macdonald commission, found that when looking into the long term economic potential the Canadian federation will have problems in the regional disparity. * The question of regionalism and population distribution has been going on for a while and particular attention is placed on international and internal migration in Canada * Should Canada bring people to the jobs or the jobs to people? What do you think? VIDEO NEXT SLIDE Alex - Population distribution * Before the arrival of Europeans settlers, the aboriginal peoples were concentrated on the pacific coast and in the St Lawrence valley, extending in southern Ontario, but its very different now * Population distribution is an important indicator of the relative attractiveness of the various parts of the country and how that has changed with time * At the time of the 1986 census 72 percent of the population lived within 150km of the United States boarder and 85 percent lived within 300km of the boarder * If we look at the population distribution by regions that run east and west around the time of confederation, Ontario had 43 percent of the population, Quebec had 32 percent and the Maritime Provinces had 20 percent and the remaining 3 percent lived west of Ontario * The major changes in population distribution occurred...
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...The mining sector has expanded significantly since the 1970s, with major discoveries of iron ore, petroleum, coal, and natural gas. When Australia was colonized by Europeans in the late 18th century, it was home to approximately 250 indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages ( Dixion, 1980; Walsh, 1997; Angelo etal., 1994; Austin, 1996), many of which are now either extinct, moribund, or endangered. Today, only 12 indigenous languages continue to be learned by children. There has been growing awareness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages among general Australian population, and Aboriginal language courses are now taught in secondary schools in Victoria, South Australia ( Nathan, 1996) , and soon to be introduced...
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...Knowing who you are is an essential part of understanding how you fit into society. For most, understanding who you are is based on an understanding of where you come from (Wagamese, 1993). Many Aboriginal people identity themselves by their band, family, or nation which allows them to show historical roots and connection to their ancestral land. Others use their matrilineal or patrilineal genealogy to connect them to a nation or traditional territory. Regardless of the connection, this ability to identify with a community has deeper significance than merely labelling oneself, it serves as a reminder of one's spiritual connection to land, culture, and traditions, and helps to solidify one's self-concept (First Nations Studies Program [FNSP],...
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...Australian culture has been shaped by two disparate ideologies, the initial white Australia policy, and the current policy of multiculturalism. The white Australia policy comprised legislation designed to safeguard Australia as a nation reserved for white residents, whereas multiculturalism is a process that constructively integrates cultural diversity into the national identity. This essay argues that the white Australia policy has had a significant impact on Australian culture and continues to overshadow the success of multiculturalism. First, this essay explains the motivations and legislations that established the white Australia policy, and the subsequent effects on early Australian society. Next, it discusses the discarding of the white Australia policy and the implementation of multiculturalism. Finally, this essay assesses the impact of the white Australia policy on contemporary Australian culture. During the late 1800s there was public and political discussion as to Australia’s future as a white nation (Bulletin 1886). This was prompted by the frequent racial tension and sporadic violence between white settlers and Chinese immigrants. The 1901 parliamentary debates concerning immigration show that although a belief in white racial supremacy was predominant, commercial concerns and fears of invasion were also involved. For example, some members extolled the superiority of a ‘snow-white’ Australia (Commonwealth of Australia 1901 pp. 4626, 4648, 4666). Whereas, other...
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...Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh Unemployment means the state of being without any work both for the educated and uneducated for earning one's livelihood. Unemployment problem has become a great concern all over the world. But nowhere in the world is this problem as acute as in Bangladesh. Thousands of people in our country are without any job. In 2010, Bangladesh’s unemployment rate was 5.1% (Source: Bangladesh Burrow of Statistics). Source: UN data, Country Profile: Bangladesh Cause of unemployment: Bangladesh, suffers from large-scale underemployment; especially in agriculture, a large part of the population could be removed without reducing agricultural output. Beyond agriculture, disguised unemployment also exists in industries, offices and organizations, particularly in the public sector. Unemployment among the educated youths is rather high in Bangladesh. The unemployment rate for the population having secondary education and above is significantly higher than those with a lower level of education. The unemployment rate for educated women is higher compared to the male population. In Bangladesh salaried employment in the formal sectors is not big enough to take care of the huge number of unemployed. Employment promotion, especially, creation of self-employment opportunities, continues to be the most important function of the Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training. The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) had set a target of creating additional employment of 6...
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...The topic of immigration and multiculturalism is a highly debated one with pro- and anti- groups each presenting strong and applicable arguments towards why immigration is damaging or enriching. Immigration has both the ability to damage and enrich a host society, however the affect it has, ultimately depends on the attitudes, policies and beliefs of the society’s people. The reception of migration may be influenced by personal values and way of life of citizens, however it can also be seen to be hugely swayed by political leaders. This essay will demonstrate these points through explanation and the exploration of the thoughts of those, both anti- and pro- immigration with within Australia. It will highlight the assets which migration can provide Australia – economically and culturally and give reasons why anti-immigration policies would damage the society instead of enriching it. Reasons why immigration is seen in a negative light will also be addressed, including national identity loss, unemployment and negative economic effects. Over the last fifty years, Australia has encompassed a large-scale immigration policy predominantly “concerned with population building and importing human capital and skills,”(Jackubowicz 2006). Multiculturalism, strongly linked and interchangeably used with immigration came around as a term in the 1970’s and was initially strongly advocated politically. However in more recent years questions relating to whether or not multiculturalism should...
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...is the only country that occupies a complete continent. It is also the driest inhabited continent in the world. About one-third of its land is desert and another third is composed of poor-quality land. A long chain of mountains, the Great Dividing Range, runs along the Pacific coast. Fertile farmland lies east of the Great Dividing Range, in the southwestern corner of Western Australia, and in the island state of Tasmania. Cattle stations (ranches) reach the edge of the barren interior desert. The famed Australian Outback is an undefined region that encompasses all remote, undeveloped areas. The Outback is seen as a mystical heartland or frontier—a symbol of Australia's strength and independence—where the climate is hot, life is hard, and people are tough, independent, and few. CultureGramsTMWorld Edition 2015 | Commonwealth of Australia | BACKGROUND include the emu, cockatoo, and kookaburra. Australia's snakes are among the most venomous in the world. BACKGROUND include the emu, cockatoo, and kookaburra. Australia's snakes are among the most venomous in the world. Among Australia's natural wonders is the Great Barrier Reef, a system of coral reefs that extends more than 1,250 miles (2,000 kilometers) near Australia's northeast coast. Regarded as a national treasure, it is the largest coral formation in the world. Australia is also famous for its wildlife: marsupials such as the koala, kangaroo, wallaby, possum, and wombat, as well as other distinctive species such...
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...national income are two major challenges for the country in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), says a government report. “Appropriate interventions are required so that benefits of economic growth reach the poorest quintile,” observes the report prepared by Planning Commission on progress towards MDGs. In 1992, the poor’s share in national income was 6.5 percent. But it dropped to 5.3 percent in 2005, marking a decline of 18.46 percent in 13 years. A steady annual growth around 5 percent on average in the 1990s and 6 percent in the 2000s helped the country to draw nearer to implementation of many of the MDGs, eight goals that the United Nations member states have pledged to accomplish by the year 2015. Halving the number of people living in extreme poverty, ensuring universal access to primary education, eliminating gender disparities, reducing child mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio, and combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases are among the targets officially adopted in 2000. One of the shortcomings in Bangladesh’s efforts to attain MDGs is failure to make growth process sufficiently pro-poor, says the report, adding that depleting share of the poorer segments of the society in national income and consumption shows that the poor are not benefiting from the growth. It said youth unemployment has shot up to 13 percent in 2003 from 3 percent in 1990. Nearly 64 percent of those unemployed have secondary or post secondary and higher education. According to...
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...The urban in fragile, uncertain, neoliberal times: towards new geographies of social justice? R. ALAN WALKS Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Cananda L5L 1C6 (e-mail: alan.walks@utoronto.ca) Canadian cities are at a crossroads. The neoliberalization of governance at multiple scales, inadequate re-investment in urban infrastructure, increasing reliance on continental and international trade, and the restructuring of the space economy have combined to weaken Canada’s cities just as the global economic system is undergoing transformation. Canadian urban geographic scholarship has much to offer under current conditions, and is already making significant contributions in key areas. In particular, research on what might be called the contours and impacts of urban restructuring and the neoliberal city, immigration and cities of difference, and urban environmental justice show much promise and are likely to define the core of Canadian urban geography into the future. Key words: cities, urban geography, Canada, economic restructuring, neoliberalism, social justice L’urbain ` une ´poque fragile, incertaine et a e n´olib´rale: vers de nouvelles g´ographies de la e e e justice sociale? ` Les villes canadiennes sont a la crois´e des chemins. e Alors que l’´conomie mondiale traverse une p´riode e e de transformation, la situation des villes au Canada se pr´carise avec les effets de la restructuration e ` n´olib´rale de la gouvernance a multiples...
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...economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from this perspective families are created and understood and practiced through symbolic communication by meanings that are shared - the meanings people have for family the definition of families, reflect their families, and their experiences and practices of family -this perspective is very much micro, relationships with others -when it comes to looking at the family, feminism share a lot of...
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...culture, development n Abstract A broad reflection on some of the major surprises to anthropological theory occasioned by the history, and in a number of instances the tenacity, of indigenous cultures in the twentieth century. We are not leaving the century with the same ideas that got us there. Contrary to the inherited notions of progressive development, whether of the political left or right, the surviving victims of imperial capitalism neither became all alike nor just like us. Contrary to the “despondency theory” of mid-century, the logical and historical precursor of dependency theory, surviving indigenous peoples aim to take cultural responsibility for what has been done to them. Across large parts of northern North America, even hunters and gatherers live, largely by hunting and gathering. The Eskimo are still there, and they are still Eskimo. Around the world the peoples give the lie to received theoretical oppositions between tradition and change, indigenous culture and modernity, townsmen and tribesmen, and other clichés of the received anthropological wisdom. Reports of the death of indigenous cultures—as of the demise of anthropology—have been exaggerated. CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii What Is Not Too Enlightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Canada From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Canada (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Canada Vertical triband (red, white, red) with a red maple leaf in the centre A shield divided into four rectangles over a triangle. The first rectangle contains three lions passant guardant in gold on red; the second, a red lion rampant on gold; the third, a gold harp on blue; the fourth, three gold fleurs-de-lis on blue. The triangle contains three red maple leaves on a white background. A gold helmet sits on top of the shield, upon which is a crowned lion holding a red maple leaf. On the right is a lion rampant flying the Union Flag. On the left is a unicorn flying a fleurs-de-lis flag. A red ribbon around the shield says "desiderantes meliorem patriam". Below is a blue scroll inscribed "A mari usque ad mare" on a wreath of flowers. Flag Coat of arms Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea" Anthem: "O Canada" Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"[1][2] Projection of North America with Canada in green Capital Ottawa 45°24′N 75°40′W Largest city Toronto Official language(s) English and French Recognised regional languages Chipewyan, Cree, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ[3] Demonym Canadian Government Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy[4] - Monarch Elizabeth II - Governor General David Johnston - Prime Minister Stephen...
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