...October 29, 2014 IS 206GENDER ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY Box 1: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY ACROSS OECD AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES Presented by Del Mundo, Maria Naida Box 2: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COHESION, SOCIAL TOLERANCE OF INEQUALITY Presented by Gutierrez, Cherry Lou THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY ABSTRACT October 29, 2014 There is growing evidence and recognition on the powerful and corrosive effects of inequality on economic growth, poverty, social mobility and political cohesion. This paper finds that the real and potential impacts of inequality in relation to economic growth, poverty, social mobility, social stability and cohesion. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Economic Growth, Poverty, Social Mobility, Political Cohesion, Gender I. INTRODUCTION In relation to the worldwide gender gap, in so far as inequality also exist in political imbalance in the Philippines distinguished through the partisan move of a party, wherein, such intent, policies and term of their advocacy is their ultimate road map and reluctantly to engage in the opponent’s adherence. Colonial mindset, attributable to the Spanish era wherein their colonial stay in the country portrays the strictness and conservative ways in precluding to whom or to which is one’s belief will end up to, and upon the continuance of the American regime, where westernized ways has gotten in the minds of the Filipinos, that every choice of an American decision draws correct conclusion...
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...and then they continued every seven years. The final interview takes place when they are all 56 years old. 56 Up contains many sociological terms, such as the various types of social mobility. To begin, one sociological term used in this documentary is social mobility. 56 Up represents many of the types of mobility with the subjects. First, Sue shows intragenerational mobility. Sue is a woman who at 56 works in the administration department of a big university in London, despite never going to college. Typically, women with no education are in a lower class; however, Sue moved up within her lifetime, which demonstrates intragenerational mobility. Along with this, Sue experienced vertical mobility. Sue experienced vertical mobility within her job changes. Her part time jobs were viewed as lower than her administrative job now. Paul, on the other hand, started in a lower class. He lived in a children’s home and never went to college. His daughter, Katie, was the first in the family to ever attend a university. This shows intergenerational mobility because going to college and getting a good education could lead to a higher social class. Since this is experienced through more than one generation, it is intergenerational mobility rather than intragenerational. Paul also experienced horizontal mobility with his job changes. He never went to school and had factory, building, and maintenance jobs. All these jobs are in the same social class, so he didn’t necessarily move up or down....
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...hierarchical arragngement of a large social groups based on their control over basic resources “Life changes” the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education and health (102) Stratification systems are described as being closed or open closed: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are rigid and peoples position are set by ascribed status Open: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are flexible and may be influenced (positively and negatively) by people’s achieved status Social mobility the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another Intergenerational mobility: the social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next intragenerational mobility: the social movement of individuals within their own lifetime (203) Slavery: until the 19th century in quebec, ontario, new Brunswick, nova scotia in N.a it consisted of : for life and it was...
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...In America we have something called the American dream. To us the American dream is for everyone to be able to be financially stable and be able to maintain a good stature. The dream is for everyone to be able to maintain a social rank that can make you respectable. If you want to be well respected in America you have to have a good job if you aren’t you’re portrayed as a failure. When you’re a failure you are not apart of the American dream and are placed in the category of the ones who disappoint. After Analyzing “From Ragged Dick” by Horatio Alger and “Horatio Alger” by Harlon Dalton as they argued against each other on social mobility and economic prosperity as they express different views . After analyzing both readings and considering...
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...Social mobility is an important feature of our society, because the “American Dream” is the cornerstone of our national ethos. However, people at the bottom are finding it increasingly difficult to move up the ladder, because doing so requires an investment of time, effort and resources of which they don’t have. Education has been celebrated as the pathway to become successful and move forward, because it is available to everyone regardless of who they are. Yet, education may still not be a viable way of moving up, because of the poor quality of schools in low-income neighborhoods. Consequently, many argue that in order to tackle educational inequality we must address family SES (socioeconomic status), because it’s the most significant factor in educational attainment. However, I posit that the more effective approach to solving this issue is to pursue policies directed towards to...
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...Describe how society defines the social issue. So, what is Social Mobility? First, let’s go to its technical or dictionary definition. Social mobility is the movement of people from one social class or economic level to another (“Social Mobility”, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd Edition). This term is widely used both in Sociology and Economics. It usually refers to vertical movement or moving up or down in rank. For example, if a soldier becomes a sergeant from a corporal, that would be vertical movement. However, it may also refer to horizontal movement or moving from one rank to another of the same social level. Example of this would be a principal who resigns from one school to become the principal of another school. With this definition in mind, we can see that Social Mobility is “movement”. The technical definition doesn’t restrict about the direction – whether you move up or down or just within what’s mentioned before as horizontal movement. Social Mobility is a term used in the objective comparison of economic or social states. Looking at the events around us, we can see that people care more about upward movement. When people talk about Social Mobility, they are likely referring to progress or development. Everyone wants to move up. Like what we commonly see in families. Almost everyone gives importance to good education. Parents keep reminding their children to be good in their studies so they can have good jobs. People want the opportunity to move up. People...
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...SOCIAL MOBILITY Since the ancient times, humans have been living in a society were in a social stratification is observed. Moreover, in a social stratification an equal opportunity for social mobility is given in each individual. Social Mobility pertains to the movement of a person from a social status to another social status. This movement can be either upward or downward, depending on whether people rise to higher status or fall to lower ones. Intergenerational mobility is one of the focuses of the study of sociologist. Intergenerational mobility is the upward or downward movement of the hierarchy by the family members from one generation to another. The amount of this movement – which occurs, for example, when a janitor’s son becomes a doctor, or a doctor’s child becomes a janitor- tells how rigidly inequality is structured into society. In other words, social mobility refers to the relative movement of an individual, family, or group, up or down the stratification system of the society. There are two types of social mobility; vertical mobility and horizontal mobility. Types of Social Mobility I. Vertical Mobility refers to downward or upward movement in social rank, which occurs when there is a major change in wealth, prestige or power. When a person is said to move upward, this means that there is an increase in level of wealth through job promotion, small-scale businesses that have prospered. This change is symbolized by setting up residence in an affluent neighborhood...
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...Yallander Ford Eng 101-113 Prof. Susan Horowitz April 4, 2012 This idea of economic mobility, which is defined, as one’s ability to move up the economic ladder by means of hard work and a good education, is an idea deeply entrenched in the Psyche of the American society. It is taken for granted that once you obtain a college education and have a good work ethic, you will move through the economic rank. However, this premise is being severely challenged and by all accounts, not holding up. This is a point reverberated by both Holly Sklar in her piece “The Growing Gulf Between the Rich and the Rest of Us” and the publication “The Economist through their piece “Inequality and the American dream.” Holly dismisses this idea by pointing out the fact that we have become a downward rather than an upward mobile society. This is quite evident when you examine the growing gap between the rich and the rest of us. She points out that median household income has fallen for the fifth year running, while at the other end of the spectrum the opposite holds true. She argues that to make it in the Forbes 400, one would have to amass $900 million, an increase of $150 million from four years ago. Sklar states they are bringing windfall profits to companies like Bechtel while they suspend regulations that shore up wages for workers. This is based on the no-bid contract given to father and son team Bechtel, although they had budget overruns and performed a shoddy job on a prior government project...
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...Telecommunication industries is rising and becoming more of a demand on a daily basis. One of the top telecommunication companies is Sprint, which has extensive operations in the United States and three United States territories (Virgin Island, Guam, and Puerto Rico). Sprint offers communication services (wireless, wireline) to businesses, government users and consumers. The company engineers, builds, and implement technologies, which includes the first 4G (fourth generation) wireless service in the United States from a national carrier. The company’s services also entail contract services and pre-paid services. In 1990 Sprint offered basic phone lines and branched out in 2000 to walkie talkie services using an analog network. On July 10, 2013, Sprint merged with Nextel, became Sprint Nextel, and being its directly owned subsidiary. Sprint Nextel was changed to Sprint Communications, Inc. Sprint is now a 4G LTE network and also one of the most fast network services. Sprint caters to consumers’ needs by providing and producing enhanced products to communicate, such as, surfing the internet, talking, listening to music, watching television and having a face to face conversation from your phone and that is just to name a few. Sprint not only offers services in the United States but also in some of the international countries. Sprint not only provide services for cell phones but have advanced to home phone services, tablets, I pads, MIFI hotspots, and laptops. As of...
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...Adnan Jaafar Kate Goschen English 90 5 June 2015 How International Students Deal with Culture Shock The population of international students in foreign countries continues to surge in recent years with students coming from a range of nationalities. For instance, according to the Institute of International Education, “Over 723,270 international students intended [sic] U.S. Colleges, universities and institutes in the 2010 – 2011 school year” (Foreign Students). The number of foreign students in the United States has been increasing gradually over the past few years. “Numerous universities specifically take measures to attract international students for financial reasons as well as a measure to enrich the college environment and add diversity to the students’ population” (Hser 37). However, many international students have been facing many challenges and problems to adapt themselves to the new foods, activities, cultures, customs and languages in the foreign country. The process of adapting, understanding and recognizing these changes is called culture shock. The deep understanding of the meaning of culture shock, the stages of culture shock and the solutions to overcome culture shock can reduce the rate of culture shock problems. The phrase “culture shock” denotes the anxiety that can be experienced when people move from a familiar culture to a different culture. It can affect anyone who travels to a foreign country at any time, perhaps especially international students...
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...It is common knowledge in the United States of America that public policy aggravates and intensifies economic inequality. Alternatively, it is also widely recognized that the "American Dream" has evolved from a goal to achieve into a standard of living. It is modernly expected to work hard throughout your life, save money, and attempt to succeed in any way that you can. For decades, many individuals in the United States of America chose to attend college as a means to create opportunities for success through their degrees- enough so that America became a frontrunner in the world ranks of higher education. However, throughout the last few decades, America has lost its lead. Legislation that had allowed many of the individuals to attend college has fallen into disrepair, with little success in reparations. The fundamental factor that has dictated the decline in America's prowess as a leader in the world ranks of higher education is the maintenance of legislation, specifically through polarization and plutocracy. As Suzanne Mettler writes in her book Degrees of Inequality, "policies can develop over time in ways that undermine their ability to achieve the societal goals they were created to address" (Mettler 16). This exact problem manifests itself in the interminable debate over the growth of the private-for-profit higher education industry, in which these institutes have fortresses built on the foundation of government trust, the profits from federal funding, and the ability...
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...Ronald Morris In October 26, 2004 the Justice department approved the $41 billion merger of Cingular wireless LLC and AT&T wireless services Inc; this merger required the combined company to sell off assets in eleven states in order to satisfy antitrust concerns, such as airwave licenses, customer contracts and other assets. The merger of Cingular and AT&T wireless would create over 47 million customers in 49 states. Surpassing Verizon wireless as the nation’s largest cellular provider. Without doing this wireless customers in these markets would have had fewer choices for wireless service and faced the risk of higher prices, and fewer choices for high speed wireless data services. The justice Department filed a complaint with concerns of the merger could result in higher prices and slower deployment of new service to consumers.”By approving the merger the federal regulators are saying goodbye to price reduction and better services options consumers have grown to expect from cell phones companies”,(Gene Kimmelman Senior Director for public policy advocacy at consumers union. Stanley T.Sigman, President and chief executive of Atlanta-Based Cingular Said” This merger will create a premier provider that is very well-equipped to meet the most demanding need of wireless customers today and in the future,” The outcome of the company’s responses to the issue is, The merger was completed, AT&T wireless shareholders receive $ 15 per common share or approximately $41 billion...
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...Problem satement: “Factor effect on consumer buying behavior” Objective: I want to find out what variables effect on consumer buying behavior. MODEL Consumer buying behavior Social income class Independent variable Dependent variable Literature : BUYING BEHAVIOR AND CONSUMPTION: SOCIAL CLASS VERSUS INCOME Mirelia milnic, Gordana culina Survey methodology was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions of Social class formed by three determinants: occupation, education and income. The largest weight (4) was given to occupation, as the most important determinant of the social class, while education and income were given the same weight (3). Income information is obtained by asking the respondent to which of the 10 income groups his/her family belongs. house keeper scores (10) students (9) prisoners (8) Machine operators skilled and unskilled jobs (7) Skilled employees - workers in manufacturing,. (6) (office workers), (5). school teachers, engineers, (4) Middle management, owners of small businesses, (3) Higher level business executives or managers, 2) Government top officials, “rich” business owners (1). Social class and income groups for certain products/services social class and income have a considerable influence on buyers' behavior. Consumption or usage of all product/service categories we tested, significantly differ based...
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...entities. More specifically AT&T is classified as a diversified telecommunication services. AT&T has been around since 1876, when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. (http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=5711). Headquartered in Dallas, TX, AT&T is the largest landline and wireless service providers in America. They also provide Uverse, which is ultra-high speed internet and interactive high definition cable TV service. AT&T also provides wireless phone and data service, primarily to American customers, in over 200 countries. (http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=5711). The US wireless market constitutes over 243M wireless subscribers. This represents a market penetration of 81%. The wireless market sells mobility of voice and data (video-media, download content and internet access). The wireless market is distributed between the following major competitors and distinguishing technology. AT&T- TDMA,GSM, UMTS/HSPDA Verizon Wireless – CDMA, EV-DO Sprint-Nextel- CDMA, EV-DO T-mobile - GSM, UMTS AT&T's Strategies vs. Competitors' Strategies AT&T's strategy is "bringing it all together for their customers, from revolutionary smartphones to next-generation TV services and sophisticated solutions for multi-national businesses." (http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=5711). AT&T is a horizontally diversified, related businesses company. Their complementary products are sold between consumers and small to large businesses which include...
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...Swedish National Defence College THESIS 1(55) Major Jonas Andersson 2009-04-06 Thesis – Military Theory, 15 hp Author Course Major Jonas Andersson ChP 07/09 Tutors Kersti Larsdotter Truls Gustavsen Center of Gravity Analysis – an Actual or Perceived Problem? Abstract Centers of Gravity (CoGs) analyses deliver vital input to the operational design. However, there are a great number of theories regarding the phenomenon which can create a certain degree of confusion. The diversity in theories may lead to misdirected mental energy where the focus is to discuss theories instead of using the theories at hand efficiently. The question is if the diversity in theory is an actual problem or if it just perceived as such? This research identifies the similarities and differences in the theories of Milan Vego and Joseph Strange & Richard Iron regarding CoGs, their sub elements and methods for analysis. The impact of the differences on the practical result is then surveyed by implementing the theories on adelimitated phase of the Falklands War, in order to conclude if the differences have a decisive impact on the product of the CoG analysis. The result of this thesis indicates that the diversity in theory is a perceived problem. The identified divergence does not reflect crucially on the CoG analysis and the variation of the input provided to the operational design is minor. The CoGs and the critical vulnerabilities identified are the same or at least similar, no matter which...
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