...The Virginia Class Submarine is the newest and the most technologically advanced fast-attack submarine, not only in the United States, but also the world. The Virginia Class is the youngest SSN submarine in the United States Navy, with the first SSN-774 Class being built in the early 2000’s and being commissioned in October 2004 (Naval Technology). The Virginia Class Submarine was designed to replace the costly Seawolf Class Submarine, which only three SSN-22 were commissioned (The US Navy). Although the Seawolf is thought to be better than the Virginia Class (The US Navy), the Virginia class is the best solution to the Navy’s needs at the lowest cost. Every vessel that the United States has ever created all have a common purpose, to complete...
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...of the United States Navy is the Submarine. The history of the submarine can be taken back all the way to the Revolutionary war where submarines were used to plant explosives on British ships. Then During the Civil War Submarines were very dangerous but used to liberate southern ports. Fast forward to the Great Wars Submarines revealed their true power in attacking surface ships. Today Submarines can strike land, air, surface ships, and other deep diving submarines making them the most versatile vessel in the United States Navy. They now also have the capabilities to gather intel from safe distances in the middle of the ocean. The Seawolf Class is arguably the most valuable and multipurpose Class of submarines ever created. It was original intent was to combat the cat and mouse submarine chase that was taking place with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Unfortunately, when the first was commissioned in 1997 the Cold War was long over. These multibillion dollar submarines are no longer being made due to the hefty manufacturing price. However, there are still three Seawolf submarines that are commissioned in the fleet. One of them being the Jimmy Carter which is known to be the predecessor to the Seawolf Submarine Class in the Los Angeles Class. According to military.com the...
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...December 7, 1941 started a year of losses that devastated the United States Navy to a point that there were serious considerations that the U.S. may lose the war. The point most researchers don’t seem to connect with the Super Power Global U.S. Navy of today was based upon forced changes in strategy, Technology and Leadership that was forced by the losses of 1941 to the Imperial Japanese Navy. In the first year of the war the Imperial Japanese Navy used Strategy, Technology and Leadership to overwhelm the U.S. Navy. If we reflect on the state of the U.S. Navy in 1939, we can get a better understanding of just how much effect Admiral Halsey had just 2 years later when he was placed into a historic leadership role. The U.S. Navy believed firmly that it was the technology leader in the Pacific in 1939. They had the biggest battleship fleet in the world, a huge arsenal of planes and Men in the strategic locations that would easily stop any aggression by Japan if they dared even to consider attacking any American interest. They also knew that they had some of the oldest and seasoned Admirals in the world. Ones who did not need to know about new technology as long as they could command the leviathans, the dreadnaught battleships, which had been the center of U.S. Naval strategy for over 60 years. However as the last of Admiral Nagumo’s airplane banked triumphantly away from the smoking ruins of the US Pacific Fleet, most in America at first believed that American had indeed lost the...
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...the first Australian submarines (along with AE1) and it was the first ship to breach the Turkish defenses of the Dardanelles during the First World War. At the time it made the longest unbroken submarine transit in history of 24,000 kilometres. It was both the first and last operational loss of the Royal Australian Navy by enemy action. BACKGROUND OF THE SUBMARINE In 1907, the Prime Minister of Australia, Alfred Deakin, and his director of the Commonwealth Naval Forces sought the British government’s...
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...CASE STUDY – COLLINS CLASS SUBMARINE PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Collins Class Submarine (CCSM) Project has been the subject of intense media scrutiny since it was first announced that Australia was to undertake a project on this scale. Over the years, the notion that Australia would attempt to manufacture a system as complex as a submarine has been scoffed at by a number of senior politicians and military commanders. The notion and sheer audacity of divorcing the influences and support of the UK and US was a stark reflection on the level of confidence in Australia’s shipbuilding industry at the time and an indication of backward-thinking executives. By sheer luck the alignment of the economics of the day, a change in government and the drive of a handful of enthusiastic, intelligent people led to the inception of the CCSM Project – arguably the largest, most complex project ever undertaken in Australia. The very thought of Australia being able to not only build a system as complex as a submarine but also to equip it with the latest technology supplied by Australian companies, appeared audacious to say the least (Peter Yule 2008). If it were not for the ambitions and foresight of a small group of people across a number of organisations, the project would have been doomed from the start and Australia’s proud submarine force would have dwindled into extinction. Discussion The CCSM Project highlights a number of important lessons which typify the principles of...
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...The Collins Class Submarine Story: Steel, Spies and Spin is the joint production of Peter Yule and Derek Woolner, and is a project commissioned by Cambridge University Press with support from the Department of Defence. It cites its aim as ‘simply to tell the story of the submarine project from its origins to about 2005.’ The book itself is based upon a combination of unclassified, open source and specially declassified material and, perhaps most importantly, more than 130 interviews with many of the protagonists. In many ways the book achieves what it sets out to do. The authors have, despite the introduction indicating a certain hauteur in relation to military and defence issues, presented an honest, generally dispassionate and reasonably comprehensive narrative. They have let the various actors speak for themselves and, so far as the third-person narrative permits, with their own voices. They convey very well the tale of an extraordinarily ambitious project that achieved much, but which was dogged by complex problems, conflicting interests and increasing controversy as the years went on. They give credit where it is due and are careful about ascribing blame to individuals. This is as it should be, since some of the decisions which may appear most egregious in retrospect generally had more than reasonable justification at the time. Nevertheless, there are some significant faults. The text is somewhat dense and the technical explanations not always completely clear (particularly...
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...Women sailors should not be allowed to serve on submarines, the Navy is just asking for trouble by recent changes allowing them aboard. There are many reasons why this in general is not a good idea. A few points I will touch on are living conditions, birthing accommodations, and sexual harassment. As a wife of a submariner I have heard first-hand some of the living conditions they endure during Missions. My husband was on a fast-attack for almost 6 years, where he experienced things like eating rotten food, going without showers, or having clean laundry. It does not matter if you are a man or woman those things are going to be tough on anyone. As a woman myself though, I know personally that going without showering is never a pleasant thing....
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...Leader/Follower paper Vice Admiral Al Knetzni Vice Admiral Al Konetzni was known throughout the submarine force as “Big Al the Sailor’s Pal”. His thoughts on leadership showing concern and care from the Captain of a Submarine down to the lowliest Seaman made him one of the most well liked and remembered flag level admirals of the modern Navy. He retired from the Navy as a three star Vice Admiral holding the position of Deputy Commander of the U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the Atlantic Fleet. That day on the seventeenth of July 2004, “Big Al” left a legacy that every sailor, especially the junior sailor, mattered. Al Konetzni grew up in Queens New York, inspired by the 1950’s television show about the Navy, “Men of Annapolis”, Al applied for and was accepted into the Naval Academy, class of 1966. It was here at the Annapolis that Al realized that littl e mistakes, especially correctible ones, need not be punished severely. He related a story where on a hot day in 1962, he was filling out a personal information form with hundreds of fellow Plebes in a hot mess hall. An upperclassman yells over the loudspeaker, “Put your name in block one”, great thought the future admiral, I got that one right. “Okay your date of birth in block two”, yeah I got that one right he thought. Then, distracted, he made a mistake on block three, home of record. Not having heard of that term before he looked at the paper of the plebe sitting next to him who happened to be from Miami. He...
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...the military forces of the Republic of India. They consist of the Army, Navy and Air Force, supported by Paramilitary forces[4] (Assam Rifles, Indian Coast Guard and Special Frontier Force) and various inter-service institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of theMinistry of Defence (MoD), which is led by the Union Cabinet Minister of Defense. As of 2010, the Indian Armed Forces have a combined strength of 1.32 million active personnel and 1.15 million reserve personnel. In addition there are 2.28 million paramilitary personnel making it one of the world's largest military forces in terms of personnel. The Indian defense budget was US$41 billion during FY2012, at about 1.9% of GDP, with additional spending on infrastructure in border areas and for paramilitary organizations. The Indian armed forces are undergoing rapid modernization, with investments in such areas as a missile defense system and a nuclear triad. India's arsenal includes nuclear weapons with a triad of delivery mechanisms. In 2010, India was the world's leading arms importeraccounting for 9% of global imports and ranked among the top ten in arms export. Israel, Russia and the United States are the primary suppliers to India's armed forces. The country’s capital expenditure for defense equipment may reach US$112 billion between 2010 and 2016. Since 1962, the IAF has maintained...
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...York; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Cambridge, Massachusetts; and many other sites around the country. Over 600,000 people worked on the development of the nuclear bomb, including project leader J. Robert Oppenheimer. In an interview, he said, “Although I realized that there was a job to do, I did not think it was mine or recognize that it was mine.” He realized the importance of the Manhattan Project and led the team towards completing the mission. In July 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested, and “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” fell on Japan in August that same year. There were many controversial debate of the justification for still exist today. Not only did the atomic bomb defeat Japan and end World War II, but it also left an impact on the US Military, America, and the world. Effect on World War II The Manhattan Project and the droppings of the atomic bombs secured America’s victory in World War II and prevented an excessive number of deaths on both sides of the war. Mary Kennedy, a teenager and Oak Ridge, Tennessee native during the Manhattan Project, lived through the prime of the Atomic Age and was interviewed years later about her view of the nuclear bombs. At first, she disagreed with the destruction that the nuclear weapons caused, but she said “Many years later, I began to recognize that it [the atomic bomb] was a necessity and essential.” Kennedy saw the negative effects of the atomic bombs and felt the emotions it created, however she still saw their value as defenders...
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...personnel compared with China's 22.55 lakh troops. China's Air Force has 9,000 aircrafts with 2000 fighter planes. The Indian Air Force has 3,000 airplanes with 790 fighter planes. China's combat power is guaranteed through its fleet of Russian Sukohi-30 MKK and indigenously built J-10 fighters. The Indian Air Force, on the other hand, has French built-Dassault Mirage 2000s and Russian Sukohi-30 MKI as the best aircrafts in its combat fleet. No indigenous fighters or aircrafts have been deployed by India so far. The Indian Navy is the world's eighth largest navy with a with a fleet of 145 vessels consisting of missile-capable warships, advanced submarines, the latest naval aircrafts, and an aircraft carrier in its inventory. It is experienced both in combat and rescue operations during wartime and peace, as seen from its wars with Pakistan in 1971, and the Tsunami that struck in December 2004. In comparison, China's Navy with its fleet of 284 vessels is quantitatively larger but lacking in actual war experience, which could undermine its strategic capability. China currently has no aircraft carriers in its naval fleet but is slated to build and induct an aircraft carrier by 2010. In strategic nuclear defence and delivery systems, China's army is miles ahead of India's nuclear forces with 200-400 active nuclear warheads. In comparison, India's strategic nuclear force is estimated to have stockpiled about 50-70 nuclear warheads. The most powerful warhead...
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...The Navy during World War II used many different strategies and tactics,but at the center of these strategies were many different types of ships. When most people think of the navy in World War II they usually think of battleships. Battleships were large ships with lots of armor and firepower but poor speed, maneuverability, and they were expensive. These were effective ships but because of the disadvantages and ultimately the price, not many of these were made. The solution to this was to make an upgraded cruiser called a battlecruiser. Battlecruisers are like battleships but with very weak armor so they had more speed and a lower price. Battlecruisers usually didn't work very well because of their weak armor which made them vulnerable. Battleships...
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...structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research analyses Chinese maritime strategy in the Asia-Pacific by asking: ‘Whither the Chinese maritime strategy in the ever changing Asia-Pacific security environment since the PRC was established in 1949?’ In general, contemporary China’s national security strategy is closely connected with its maritime strategy and with its comprehensive security plan for its economy, its energy supplies and its...
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...The Chinese Military a United States Peer Threat United States Army Sergeants Major Academy Class 39 June 04, 2013 Abstract The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has developed into a modern capable force making them a peer threat in capabilities, assets, and economic resources. China in the world’s largest communist regime and has the political stance of growth at any cost. China possesses a strong economy which provides them the financial stability to increase spending on military and technology advancement. The United States has taken notice and has reassessed their regional priority forcing them to implement additional security measures. The Chinese Military a United States Peer Threat The People’s Liberation Army The Chinese military, also known as the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), has become a focal point for the U.S. National Security Strategy. The PLA is the U.S.’s closest adversary in size, capability, and technology, making them a peer threat. History The PLA traces its origins to the August, 1927 Nanchang Uprising of the communists and the nationalists ("People’s Liberation Army History," 2011). The combination of land, sea, and air forces from the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was initially called the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. Between 1934 and 1935 the Red Army encountered multiple conflicts against Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek (CPC) and took part in the Long March. The Long March (1934-1936)...
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...greatest battles were fought at sea, making naval technologies crucial to all sides. Many kinds of ships, such as battleships, submarines, and aircraft carriers, had been used in previous wars, but the global nature of World War II made naval battles especially important. These vessels ranged from heavily armed warships to numerous support craft such as fuel ships and troop landing boats. Of all the ships used in the war, aircraft carriers were the largest. Thus, how and why were aircraft carriers so effective in World War II, specifically how was it more effective than a battleship, and how did both Japan and the US utilize this revolution in technology? An aircraft carrier is a ship whose primary purpose is to bring airplanes closer to distant battle areas. Since most World War II aircraft had a range of just a few hundred miles, it was necessary to bring the aircraft to the battlefront, and using a ship to do so made a lot of sense in the Pacific, where much of the fighting took place on islands and along coastal areas. The first true aircraft carriers were built by the Japanese in the 1920’s. Japan remained an innovator in aircraft carrier design and construction during the years leading to World War II, operating nine aircraft carriers by 1941. Their largest carriers of the war were the Akagi and Kaga, each capable of launching over 90 aircraft (doc. Navy), only 25% of these planes were fighters, which intercepted enemy search planes and air strikes and escorted the dive bombers...
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