...DATABASE MODELING USING UML Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..4 Overview of ER Modeling and UML…………………………………………………………...4 UML Meta-model……………………………………………………………………………… 6 UML Components………………………………………………………………………………7 UML Data Profile……………………………………………………………………………….9 UML Diagrams……………………………………………………………………………….....10 UML Diagram Classification – Static, Dynamic, and Implementation…....................................12 4+1 View of UML Diagrams……………………………………………………………………13 Object-oriented Class Model and Relational Database Model..............................................…...14 Use of UML to develop Ontologies…………………………………………………………..…17 References……………………………………………………………………………………….19 Abstract The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is being used as the de-facto standard in the software industry. With the adoption of UML 2.0, the new enhancements allow this version to describe many of the elements found in today's software technology as well as Model Driven Architecture and Service-Oriented Architecture. Many existing software applications involve complex application layer implemented in object-oriented programming languages and at the same time use relational database systems as the back-end data store. Modeling the whole system in a consistent manner will help developers and end users better understand the application. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for modeling software and database systems. Data model of object-relational...
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...1007/s10664-009-9127-7 An experimental comparison of ER and UML class diagrams for data modelling Andrea De Lucia · Carmine Gravino · Rocco Oliveto · Genoveffa Tortora Published online: 11 December 2009 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Editor: Erik Arisholm Abstract We present the results of three sets of controlled experiments aimed at analysing whether UML class diagrams are more comprehensible than ER diagrams during data models maintenance. In particular, we considered the support given by the two notations in the comprehension and interpretation of data models, comprehension of the change to perform to meet a change request, and detection of defects contained in a data model. The experiments involved university students with different levels of ability and experience. The results demonstrate that using UML class diagrams subjects achieved better comprehension levels. With regard to the support given by the two notations during maintenance activities the results demonstrate that the two notations give the same support, while in general UML class diagrams provide a better support with respect to ER diagrams during verification activities. Keywords Controlled experiments · Entity-relation diagrams · UML class diagrams · Design notations · Comprehension · Maintenance · Verification The work described in this paper is supported by the project METAMORPHOS (MEthods and Tools for migrAting software systeMs towards web and service Oriented aRchitectures: exPerimental...
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...TERM PAPER ON Extending UML to Support Domain Analysis SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- Mr. SANDEEP SINGH AKANSHU KUMAR Reg No:-11112286 ROLL No:- A21 SECTION:- K1107 Abstract:- The process of modelling and developing commonality and variability for system families should be supported by suitable methods and notations. The object-oriented methods and their notations, which are used at present, focus on the development of a single system at a time. In this paper we analyse feature models as a representation of the common parts and variants contained in a system family, and propose using a feature diagram as a basic representation of commonality, variability and dependencies. We examine various approaches to customizing the standard modelling language UML to model system families and propose how to extend the UML for the purposes of modelling variants in object-oriented analysis and design techniques. We recommend the use of UML standard lightweight extensibility mechanisms (stereotypes combined with tagged values) without changing the UML metamodel. This enables us to join the advantages of feature models with UML and provides the traceability of a concept throughout system development. An application...
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...during or after the examination. Marking ▪ Please note that the use case questions have the least marks, since they are relatively straightforward and not an object-oriented skill. In contrast, the questions on responsibility assignment, patterns, and design of collaborations have the most marks, since these are the most important object-oriented design skills. Evaluation Objectives ▪ Ability to identify primary use cases and record them in expanded, essential form. ▪ Ability to identify outstanding concepts, associations, and attributes and record them in a conceptual model using the UML notation. ▪ Ability to identify system events and record them in a system sequence diagram using the UML notation. ▪ Ability to assign responsibilities and design collaborations between software components using the GRASP patterns, and illustrate the results in UML collaboration diagrams. ▪ Ability to summarize class definitions in a...
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...Overview of Methodologies, Models and Notations CHAPTER OBJECTIVES (YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO): 1. Define and describe a methodology. 2. Define and describe traditional, structured analysis & design, information modeling, and object-oriented methodology classifications. 3. Define and describe a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). 4. Define and describe attributes, operations and relationships in an object-oriented methodology. 5. Define and describe the foundational characteristics of an object-oriented methodology. 6. Describe two classic information systems development challenges and their potential resolution. 7. Discuss Classification Theory and its relationship with object-oriented methodologies. 8. Describe Rational Corporation's Unified Software Development Process. 9. Define parallelism, substitution and omission. 10. Describe the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and describe Use Case, Class Diagram and Interaction Diagram. 11. Describe a simplistic object-oriented methodology for applying and using the UML. 12. Describe the foundational characteristics of the UML’s Class Diagram DESIGN A generic systems development life cycle (SDLC) was presented in an earlier chapter. You may recall that the purpose for this version of a SDLC was to give you a simplified way of sequentially studying the activities that are utilized to produce software-intensive information systems. In reality the SDLC for such systems is as diverse and variable...
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.......................................................................... 3 Introducing BPMN .......................................................................................... 4 BPMN Enables Business Process Management (BPM)......................................... 4 BPMI.ORG Created to Establish BPM Standards ............................................. 4 Rigor of the BPMI.ORG Standards ............................................................... 5 BPMN Enables Modeling of B2B and B2C ......................................................... 5 BPMN Maps to Business Execution Languages.................................................. 5 BPMI.ORG Works with OASIS for e-Business Standards.................................. 5 BPMN Models Web Services .......................................................................... 6 A First Look at BPMN ...................................................................................... 7 Modeling Business Events ............................................................................. 8 More Complex Events -- Specifying Trigger Types ......................................... 8 Business Processes, Sub-Processes, and Tasks ...............................................10 Decomposing Your Processes Into Hierarchies..............................................10 Easily Viewing Process Complexities ...........................................................12 Modeling the Sequence Flow of a Process............................
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...Deployment diagrams are used to visualize the topology of the physical components of a system where the software components are deployed. So deployment diagrams are used to describe the static deployment view of a system. Deployment diagrams consist of nodes and their relationships. Purpose: The name Deployment itself describes the purpose of the diagram. Deployment diagrams are used for describing the hardware components where software components are deployed. Component diagrams and deployment diagrams are closely related. Component diagrams are used to describe the components and deployment diagrams shows how they are deployed in hardware. UML is mainly designed to focus on software artifacts of a system. But these two diagrams are special diagrams used to focus on software components and hardware components. So most of the UML diagrams are used to handle logical components but deployment diagrams are made to focus on hardware topology of a system. Deployment diagrams are used by the system engineers. The purpose of deployment diagrams can be described as: * Visualize hardware topology of a system. * Describe the hardware components used to deploy software components. * Describe runtime processing nodes. How to draw Deployment Diagram? Deployment diagram represents the deployment view of a system. It is related to the component diagram. Because the components are deployed using the deployment diagrams. A deployment diagram consists of nodes. Nodes are nothing...
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...Abstract. Enterprise systems are mission critical. As a result, ensuring their correctness is of primary concern. This paper aids to the analysis of Web Applications, focusing on the aspects related to the interaction of business logic and Web browsers. The method adopted is based on the Model Driven Architecture. First, the Platform Independent Model of Web Applications is refined to create a new model called Abstract Description of Interaction (ADI). An ADI is a UML class diagram annotated with OCL statements to represent an abstraction of the interaction between the thin client and the business logic. Secondly, the ADI model is automatically transferred to an Alloy model and analysed using the Alloy Analyser. 1 Introduction Over the past two decades Web Applications have become increasingly vital, affecting almost all aspects of our daily life such as banking, retail, information gathering, entertainment and learning. Such applications are mostly mission critical [1]. Hence, ensuring the correctness of the specification and implementation is a primary concern and has received considerable attention [2–4]. To analyse these systems, it is important to create a formal model. For example, [2] uses µ-calculus to represent the model, while [3] makes use of a variant of automata as the analyzable model. Stotts and Navon [4] present a model based on Petri nets. Our approach makes use of MDA [5–7] transformations to automatically create the analysable model. Unlike other approaches...
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...Model Driven Development – Future or Failure of Software Development? Ruben Picek, Vjeran Strahonja University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Varaždin ruben.picek@foi.hr, vjeran.strahonja@foi.hr Abstract. This article discusses some issues of the software development paradigm called Model Driven Development (MDD). Its basic idea is to move software development to a higher level of abstraction by using models as primary artifacts, and to transform models into the source code, with the aid of tools. Currently, there are several approaches to the realization of MDD paradigm which should bring a lot of benefits. However there are still problems to be solved, which will be discussed here. The authors are also going to analyze developers pros and cons, and give their own opinion about today's open question: Will MDD become a failure in trying to deal with software crisis, like the idea of CASE tools in 80's or will it become the future of software development? Keywords. MDD, MDD approaches, Software Factories, Software Development 1. Model Driven Development Paradigm In the last few years, software development has been faced with many challenges. Requirements of new and/or existing systems are growing, systems are complex and it is hard to build them on time and on budget. As an answer to these challenges, a wide spectrum of new approaches occurred, varying from buzzwords to comprehensive methodologies. One of the most prominent paradigms is Model Driven Development...
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...What is UML? UML, short for Unified Modelling Language, is a standardized modelling language that enables developers to specify, visualize, construct and design outcomes of a software system. UML is structured so that it enables scalability, security and robust execution under stressful conditions and the structure must be defined clearly enough so that when an issue occurs, maintenance programmers can quickly find the bug and fix it. When talking about large enterprise applications, these programs must be designed to work perfectly. A well designed architecture benefits any program and not just large ones. The structure is a way of dealing with complexity, so the advantages of structure, and of modelling and design, compound as the application...
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...SUBDOMAIN 430.1 - INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING Competency 430.1.2: Algorithm Design and Development - The graduate designs and develops algorithms for problem solving and implements those algorithms using appropriate program code. Competency 430.1.3: Use of Data Structures - The graduate develops working programs that use appropriate data structures for problem solving. Competency 430.1.4: Modeling Systems Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) - The graduate develops and interprets Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams which model object-oriented designs. Competency 430.1.5: Object-Oriented Concepts - The graduate applies object-oriented concepts, develops object-oriented designs, and uses object-oriented programming techniques. Competency 430.1.6: Software Testing and Troubleshooting - The graduate applies software testing and troubleshooting strategies to determine programming errors and recommend appropriate solutions. Introduction: As a competent programmer, your ability to design and develop algorithms, your proficient use of data structures, and your ability to use the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to communicate and develop object-oriented designs will help you design and develop applications to meet customer requirements. A solid understanding of object-oriented concepts will help you develop applications that are maintainable and extensible. Strong competence in software testing and troubleshooting will allow you to validate and verify your applications...
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...Real time Systems:- Definition:- A real time system is basically an information processing system which has to respond to externally generated input stimuli within a specific timeframe. * The correctness depends on the time it was delivered not only on the logical result it generally produced. * Failure encounters a wrong response A real time system is actually a system that acts to the event within a specified time period. A real time system depicts those systems which have to perform certain calculation within specific time period, delayed results may be considered wrong. In 2001, Shaw explained that real time systems have a very limited time constraints which are defined by the systems requirements, which reflects the aspects of outer world. Real time systems are now become important part of this modern age, safety and privacy issues and performance of such systems have also been raised .In 2000 Halang and Druzovec explained that performance in real time system depends on higher bandwidth, faster response and faster computation power. A real time systems state is dependent on a function of physical time eg; a chemical reaction continues to change its state from one state to another even after the supervising computer system is stopped. This real time system can easily be decomposed into a set of subsystems i.e. human operator, controlled object, real time computer system. A real time system must react to the stimuli with the help of the controlled object within specific...
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...1 Review of UML The purpose of this chapter is to set the scene by reviewing the key UML concepts, the main diagram types, and the role of those diagrams within the software development process. If you're quite new to UML this will serve as a practical introduction that will help you make sense of the rest of the book, before you move on to further reading. If you're experienced with UML the chapter will serve as handy revision and you might just find some nuggets of information that have so far eluded you. Either way we'll all be moving on from roughly the same starting point: with the same appreciation of UML notation, with an understanding of relevant software development processes, and with a common bias towards .NET and the Visio for Enterprise Architects tool. The final point is quite important, and the raison d'être for this book. In recent years the body of UML literature has focused mainly on Java development and the use of modeling tools such as Rational Rose. In this book we're applying a .NET development perspective at the same time as demonstrating the so far under-documented Visio modeling tool that comes bundled with the Visual Studio .NET Enterprise Architect. With all this in mind we can now press on with the introduction to – or revision of, depending on your background – the Unified Modeling Language. What is the Unified Modeling Language? When discussing UML, we need to establish one important point right up front. The Unified Modeling...
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...WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF UML? UML, standing for Unified Modeling Language is a programming language that changed the world of modeling software overnight due to its developments in setting industry standards in the modeling of software programs holding intensive programming. The design standard mentioned was developed and created by the Object Management group and was standardized in 1997, which since that time has become the industry standard for software and modeling developments. Using UML in software developments is important when visualizing, creating, documenting modifications, and designing a process flow within software development down to a unified architectural level. This changed the force of programming because there was no single standard for object related programming in the object oriented design market and there were multiple standards across unified markets and geographical boundaries. WHY WAS UML PROGRAMMING DEVELOPED? UML was developed because organizations and developers of the time needed simple relationships between software models and a universal approach to development practices. The level of detail that was put into UML coding was much greater than its predecessors and allowed for a much higher level of architecture drawings than the previous various models. UML made it easy for new people joining an organization to have a clear and concrete understanding of what is being mapped out due to the fact that the modeling language used during the development...
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...Automatic Model Checking of State Machines A seminar report submitted to MANIPAL UNIVERSITY For Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Technology in Software Engineering by Anusha A Reg. No. 130928001 February 2014 Abstract The idea of Model Driven Development (MDD) is to specify requirements of systems in a formal (usually graphical) notation. UML is the initial and dominant modelling phase in software engineering arena. If errors are occurring in this phase of software development itself, it will cost a lot. Hence it is crucial to detect model level errors in the initial phase rather than later stages of software development. An approach to automatically verifying models composed of UML state machines. This approach helps in checking safety/liveness, properties, trace refinement, relationships and so on with the help of PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) and CSP (communicating sequential programs). 1 1 1.1 Introduction State Machines The concepts behind state machines are about organizing the way a device, computer program, or other (often technical) process works such that an entity or each of its sub-entities is always in exactly one of a number of possible states and where there are well-defined conditional transitions between these states. The UML state diagrams are directed graphs in which nodes denote states and connectors denote state transitions. In UML, states are represented as rounded rectangles labeled...
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