...Structuralism Essay Introduction Functionalism created a number of concerns in the late 1950s that shaped a “climate of receptivity to a rather different form of analysis, known as ‘structuralism’” (Bell, 1997, pg.42). Structuralism aimed to uncover the underlying meanings and patterns of social constructs. These meanings can only to be found by interpreting the ritual participants unconscious understanding of the symbols used and the overall context. Levi-Strauss is the founding father of structuralism, as it is applied to anthropology. Many have refined his thesis such as E.E.Evans-Pritchard and Arnold van Gennep. This essay outlines the main features of the theoretical position, the key proponents of the theory as well it critically examines structuralism as a theory used for ritual interpretation. Main features of Structuralism Bronislaw Malinowski among other ritual theorists “began to ask: if such symbols, beliefs, and patterns of ritual activity do not serve simply to maintain the patterns of social relationships, then what do they mean to the people who use them? (Bell, 1997, pg.34). Spawning from functionalism, structuralism is the theory that analyses the function of rituals and how they promote social order and community. Furthermore, structuralism aims to analyse the meaning of ritual activity such as the ideologies and core group values that are conveyed through symbols and the underlying patterns (Bell, 1997). “Structuralism in its widest sense is all about...
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...Grading TA: Brian Carwana “Remember the idea, not the man” By: Karanveer Singh 998435304 Date: 12/2/2011 Word Count:1,488 James McTeigue’s V for Vendetta is an action packed film. It not only serves the purpose of entertaining the viewer but also has religious elements in it. The central belief of the movie is that an idea and symbol cannot be destroyed; it is impregnable. This belief in the movie is reinforced by Rituals that occur frequently in the film. I will draw on the concepts of ritual from Malory Nye’s Religion the basics and will argue that the use of the mask and the letter “V” in this film function as a method of ritualism and symbolism. Also, I will analyze ritualization and transformation through the stages of Rites of Passage and dispute that it transforms the character Evey’s life. The film V for Vendetta portrays the beliefs of idealism. The first few minutes of the film give a glimpse of the key message that is going to be depicted in the film. The prologue in the film shows that a man named Guy Forkes got caught and executed for trying to blow up the house of parliament in London England but his ideas and beliefs did not die, they fueled revolutions for generations to come. In the prologue of the film a narrator says “that remember the idea not the man, man can be killed and forgotten but the idea cannot be killed”. Towards the end of the film, when the thousands of common citizens rally to the parliament building, something to notice is that their...
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...examining Freud’s theory of ritual and repetition and Whitehouse’s theory of ritual Cady and the Plastics show that they are drifting away from their true selves and they are not happy with themselves. Also by examining Derrida’s theory of text, Regina shows that she uses the misery of others to make herself feel content instead of being content in herself. Throughout the film Mean Girls, the protagonist Cady does go through a process involving the three stages in order for her to be accepted into her new environment in a whole new country. This is Vann Gennep’s theory of Rite of Passage. This theory suggests that "ritual actions often work in significant ways to transform people's concepts of time, space, and society" (Nye 2008, 145). Gennep also suggests that rituals are is a sort of three stage phenomenon. The separation, liminality and the incorporation. The first stage is the separation in which Gennep describes it as a person detaching themselves from the roles and obligations that they kind have been associated with in the past (Nye 2008, 146). Cady moves to America and goes to public school for...
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...relationship between the practice and culture as a whole. The statements likewise reveal a distinctly ethnocentric deportment. Until today, tattooing and tattoo designs in the Cordilleras are best understood within the context of headhunting. Headhunting was the only known reason for tattooing, and, to this day, no one knows exactly what tattoos signify. This paper provides insights into the roles and functions of the tattoos, and how the tattoos (batek) become cultural symbols of the intricate rituals brought about by community regimens of the Ilubo, Kalinga. No longer practiced, the batek of the Ilubo is a visually powerful rendering of symmetry and unity of designs. Batek now serve as an archive of culture for the group. Keywords: Tattoo, rites of passage, body adornment, identity, Kalinga INTRODUCTION My anthropological interest in body ornamentation, specifically in traditional tattoos, began in 1990. I met an old Bontoc woman who sold balatinao (red rice) in one of the old market stalls in Baguio City. She was known to me only as Apong (grandmother), and her tattooed arms fascinated me each time she would pick up Humanities Diliman (January-June 2002) 3:1, 105-142 105 Salvador-Amores the grains and place them on her palm. The thick, black, geometric tattoos seemed to me quite odd and outlandish. They were different and out of the ordinary, and I was then unaware of...
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...Religionsfænomenologi, inden for religionshistorie en komparativ (sammenlignende) disciplin, som har til formål at systematisere ligheder og forskelle mellem religioner og religiøse fænomener på tværs af kulturer, at efterspore fælles strukturer og vilkår samt at udvikle et teoretisk fagsprog. Begrebet blev første gang anvendt af den hollandske religionshistoriker P.D. Chantepie de la Saussaye (1848-1920) i Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte (1887-89); han introducerede hovedfænomenerne og formulerede det mål at finde "religionernes enhed i formernes mangfoldighed". Målet var at klassificere religiøse data i klasser og grupper og at afdække religionens essens. | Ninian Smarts syv dimensioner:Ninian Smart, 1927-2001, britisk religionshistoriker. Smart opfattede religious studies som et pluralistisk felt, hvor han med religionsfænomenologi som metode skabte dialog mellem religionerne. Til karakteristik af den enkelte religion og evt. religiøse dimensioner i ideologi og filosofi opstillede han en model i syv dimensioner: rituel, erfaringsmæssig, mytisk, dogmatisk, etisk, social og materiel. Betegnelse | Forklaring | Eksempler | 1. Den praktiske og rituelle dimension | Formelle ritualer og uformelle skikke og religiøse vaner | Overgangsriter Ofringer f.eks. nadver, puja, blót Gudstjenesteformer Pilgrimsrejser Bøn Meditation Yoga | 2. Den oplevelsesmæssige og følelsesmæssige dimension | Ordinære og ekstraordinære religiøse oplevelser, psykologisk betragtet | Oplevelsen...
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...ABSTRACT Shards of Memories, Fragments of Sorrows: Mothertongue Transforming Spaces Occupied by Women in South Africa through Theatre This paper sets out to explore how processes of theatre making employed by The Mothertongue project, provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Mothertongue works from the premise that the development and subsequent performance of stories in theatrical processes affords women the opportunity to re-write and remap their personal narratives and in so doing insert their voices into the landscape of South African Theatre. In an attempt to redress the gender imbalances and androcentricism prevalent in post-apartheid theatre, this paper speaks to the relationship between theatre, liminality and communitas. I am interested in unpacking how collaborative processes of theatre-making provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Remapping in this instance refers to processes of transforming lived experience through story. I address how, through engaging in ritual activities that are central to the stories performed, actors, audiences and the owners of the source stories are invited to physically participate in remapping and transforming lived experience. Linked to this is the choice of form(s) and how this affects or impacts on the performed stories as well as on the construction of performed rituals and ultimately on the processes of remapping personal narratives. I focus specifically on Mothertongue’s 2004...
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...Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated, where students become graduates. The graduation ceremony is a cultural tradition that is considered a rite of passage. The ceremony marks a transition from one stage in a student's life to another. Before the graduation, candidates are referred to as grandaunts. The date of graduation is often called graduation day. The graduation itself is also called commencement, convocation or invocation. In case of study and education graduation is the meaning of getting a higher degree of three years after 10+2 from a university or college, but that degree must come under the degree of graduation. Quite apart from that though, the graduation ceremony fulfills an essential human function as a ritual of transition, in this case marking the move from student to worker. The whole idea of graduation is believed to have started in the 12th Century, introduced by scholastic monks who wore robes during the entire graduation ceremony. It has kept on evolving ever since. Gill, L. (2012, January 15). Convocation and its importance. Graduation. Retrieved August 7, 2012. Scholars, especially anthropologists, consider graduation to be a rite of passage. A rite of passage is a ritual that marks a change from one stage of life to the next in a person’s life. The pomp and ceremony of the graduation ceremony can lend itself to accusations of irrelevance and elitism. Such criticisms I think...
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...Liminality and Communitas as new sources of Social Capital in Business Relationship Dynamics Dr Annmarie Ryan, Department of Management and Marketing, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Ireland. Competitive Paper Abstract In this paper I develop a framework for the study of business relationships through the lens of liminality. This is achieved by discussing the work of Turner in relation to rites and rituals and their role in society. Those dimensions of the concept of liminality and communitas that are important for this study therefore include: that it involves interaction outside everyday lived experience; that liminality is constructed and is neither self-evident or naturally occurring; involves the transformation re-discovery and re-appropriation of every day spaces, through separation, or divestiture process, and subsequently (re)incorporated into the everyday through processes of investiture and importantly, incorporates a shared experience that can impact on relations between those who share the experience beyond the event itself. The concept of liminality is offered as a way to enable researchers to understand the interactions between managers in relationships in a new way. The focus of this paper is therefore threefold: 1/ to expand upon the concept of creating, holding and intensifying liminal space and 2/consideration of the effect of this on the organisation and 3/ reflection on this on-going entering into and leaving of liminal space...
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...Myth and Scripture resources for Biblical Study Susan ackerman, Old testament/hebrew Bible editor number 78 Myth and Scripture conteMporary perSpectiveS on religion, language, and iMagination Edited by dexter e. callender Jr. SBl press atlanta copyright © 2014 by SBl press all rights reserved. no part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 copyright act or in writing from the publisher. requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the rights and permissions office, Society of Biblical literature, 825 houston Mill road, atlanta, ga 30329 uSa. library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Myth and scripture : contemporary perspectives on religion, language, and imagination / Dexter E. Callender, Jr., editor. p. cm. — (Society of Biblical literature resources for biblical study ; number 78) includes bibliographical references and index. iSBn 978-1-58983-961-8 (paper binding : alk. paper) — iSBn 978-1-58983-962-5 (electronic format) — iSBn 978-1-58983-963-2 (hardcover binding : alk. paper) 1. Myth in the Bible. 2. Bible. old testament—criticism, interpretation, etc. i. callender, dexter e., 1962– editor of compilation. ii. callender, dexter e., 1962– author. Myth and Scripture : dissonance and convergence.. BS520.5.M98 2014 220.6'8—dc23 2014002897...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Tourism Management 29 (2008) 403–428 www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Progress in Tourism Management Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research Donald Getzà Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, 2500 University Ave. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Received 24 April 2007; accepted 31 July 2007 Abstract This article reviews ‘event tourism’ as both professional practice and a field of academic study. The origins and evolution of research on event tourism are pinpointed through both chronological and thematic literature reviews. A conceptual model of the core phenomenon and key themes in event tourism studies is provided as a framework for spurring theoretical advancement, identifying research gaps, and assisting professional practice. Conclusions are in two parts: a discussion of implications for the practice of event management and tourism, and implications are drawn for advancing theory in event tourism. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Event tourism; Definitions; Theory; Research 1. Introduction Events are an important motivator of tourism, and figure prominently in the development and marketing plans of most destinations. The roles and impacts of planned events within tourism have been well documented, and are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Yet it was only a few decades ago that ‘event tourism’ became established in both the tourism industry and in the research community,...
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...Did You Know: The Black Nazarene The procession of the Black Nazarene is a commemoration of the wooden statue’s transfer (traslacion) from a Recollect church in Intramuros, Manila, where it was first enshrined, to St. John the Baptist Church in Quiapo, Manila, on Jan. 9, 1787. The original statue, which shows a dark-colored Christ bent under the weight of a heavy cross, was made by an unknown Mexican sculptor. It was brought to the country by Recollect friars in 1607 and was said to have survived a fire while aboard the ship. The image was charred but was preserved, which explains its color. Filipino Catholic devotees have attributed miracles and answered prayers to the Black Nazarene. Among these is the reported cleaning up of a clogged artery of a radio operator in his 60s. This reportedly happened after he prayed to the Black Nazarene on being told he had to undergo a hugely expensive bypass surgery. Devotion to the Black Nazarene was encouraged by Pope Innocent X, who issued a papal bull establishing the Confradia de Jesus Nazareno in 1650. In the 19th century, Pope Pius VII granted indulgence to people who prayed devoutly to the Black Nazarene. There are two images of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, both hybrids of the original and the replica created by Filipino sculptor Gener Manlaqui. The one paraded every Jan. 9 has the head of the replica and the body of the original, encased in stainless steel to protect it from damage. During the procession, the image is placed...
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...Comments on FUTURE SHOCK C. P. Snow: "Remarkable ... No one ought to have the nerve to pontificate on our present worries without reading it." R. Buckminster Fuller: "Cogent ... brilliant ... I hope vast numbers will read Toffler's book." Betty Friedan: "Brilliant and true ... Should be read by anyone with the responsibility of leading or participating in movements for change in America today." Marshall McLuhan: "FUTURE SHOCK ... is 'where it's at.'" Robert Rimmer, author of The Harrad Experiment: "A magnificent job ... Must reading." John Diebold: "For those who want to understand the social and psychological implications of the technological revolution, this is an incomparable book." WALL STREET JOURNAL: "Explosive ... Brilliantly formulated." LONDON DAILY EXPRESS: "Alvin Toffler has sent something of a shock-wave through Western society." LE FIGARO: "The best study of our times that I know ... Of all the books that I have read in the last 20 years, it is by far the one that has taught me the most." THE TIMES OF INDIA: "To the elite ... who often get committed to age-old institutions or material goals alone, let Toffler's FUTURE SHOCK be a lesson and a warning." MANCHESTER GUARDIAN: "An American book that will ... reshape our thinking even more radically than Galbraith's did in the 1950s ... The book is more than a book, and it will do more than send reviewers raving ... It is a spectacular outcrop of a formidable, organized intellectual effort ... For the first time in history...
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