...Abinet Kumsa-------------------------------------------------------3446/03 9. Wubetu Melkamu--------------------------------------------------3501/03 Submitted to: Ins. Muluken G. Submission date: May, 2/2013 Acknowledgment Our first and foremost gratitude is forwarded to the respondents who deliver us their kind support in filling the questionnaires and to respond for our causal interview as the responses they provide determine the analysis & conclusion of the research. We would also like to offer our heart full thanks to our Instructors, of legislative drafting Ato mulken who make us to study on this area Finally our thanks goes to the secretary who, prepared this final report paper. List of tables Table 1- The effect of filming activities conducted across the roads of the town on the normal traffic follow------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 2-Problems occurred due to filming activities conducted across the roads (for the purpose stated under table 1 above)....
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...Estimating Spousal Altruism with Data on Fatal Car Accidents Ilya Beylin, Anup Malani, and David Abrams1 Abstract. This paper estimates the degree of altruism among spouses by examining how often the driver of a car sacrifices himself or herself in order to save a spouse. Holding constant the magnitude of a collision, a driver can maneuver the car to distribute the risk from a collision between the driver and a passenger. We quantify spousal altruism by the degree to which drivers riding with their spouse redistribute the risk from a fatal accident to themselves – as measured by ex post mortality – as compared to drivers not traveling with their spouse. We find that drivers with their spouses are at least 37% more likely to sacrifice themselves. This implies that they value the lives of their spouses at least 37% more than the lives of other individuals. A driver’s position in a car provides him with exclusive control over the pedals and steering wheel. At the time of an impending accident, this control enables him to adjust the total amount of risk facing the car’s occupants and how that risk is distributed. In other words, his maneuvers will have allocative and distributive effects on the occupants’ risk. The driver’s distributive choices reveal his relative preferences for himself over his passengers. The manifestation of injuries amongst the occupants allows observation of those relative preferences. A theory of spousal altruism – indeed any romantic notion of marriage – would predict...
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...needs of the community. Community Community is a broad subjective term. One capacious definition of the term is, a defined region one lives, works, interacts with others and the environment; inclusive is a semblance of structure and beliefs based within that society where the members define and identify themselves as being part of that group (Standhope & Lancaster, 2012). Using this definition one sees that any group can be a community, and boundaries can merge one into many different types of communities with in the same location. Using this, one sees that the American community is broken down into further sub sets such as states, counties, cities, towns, school districts, and the list can continue ad infinitum. For the purpose of this paper the term community is defined within its relation to the school district of South Huntington, NY. Using the windshield survey the public health nurse assesses the health of the community. This is performed by immersing themselves physically into the area of interest. This grass roots approach allows one to gain insight that may not be revealed from statistical data collection alone. Community Health The term community health answers the questions: how is, who or what...
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...MCI 0210D MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DC UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE 912 CHARLES POOR STREET SE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD DC 20391-5680 IN REPLY REFER TO: 1550 26 Mar 2012 From: Director To: Marine Corps Institute Student Subj: TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES (0210D) 1. Purpose. The subject course provides instruction on terrorism awareness for all Marines. 2. Scope. This course gives an overview on terrorism and provides guidance to individual Marines on terrorism and its effects. 3. Applicability. This course is designed for the Marine, private through general officer, in all MOSs. 4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the course evaluation questionnaire at the end of the final examination. Return the questionnaire and the examination booklet to your proctor. M. S. REICHENBAUGH By direction (This page intentionally left blank.) Table of Contents Page Contents ............................................................................................................................ i Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii Study Guide ............................................................................................................
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...RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIME AND JUSTICE CHAPTER 1 – THE RESEARCH PRACTICE Chapter Review Questions Respond to each of the following questions using the information from this chapter. 1. During a recent meeting of the command staff at a mid-sized police department, the chief asks the patrol captain for his recommendation for new flashlights. The captain responds, “I did a little research and I recommend that we purchase the DryLight, Model X flashlight”. The patrol captain’s research consisted of “asking a few of the officers” what they thought would be a good flashlight. Did the patrol captain actually conduct research? Why or why not? ANSWER: Technically, the patrol captain did some research. He conducted interviews which is a form of data collection. One could argue, however, that the patrol captain’s research was limited (pp. 7-8). 2. Respond to the following statement in 3-5 sentences: Conducting research in the social sciences and in criminal justice in particular is easier than in other sciences because the things we measure are so vague that nobody really cares if we get it right or not. ANSWER: Generally speaking, social science research is more challenging than some of the ‘hard sciences’ because the things social scientists study are difficult to measure objectively. As a result social scientists spend a great deal of time justifying how they measure concepts to their peers (pp. 4-5). 3. Read the following scenarios and identify which of the following...
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...groups and communities, mankind has always had people to patrol, to show a strong presence, as well as be on the look-out for danger at all levels, and then be able to respond. And if it wasn't for the Police patrolling your neighborhood, your local community and even your entire city, then the little world that you live in, would become Survival Of The Fittest. We must tell you that in all the world of defense, police patrol is the best way for the police to defend us. High police visibility discourages criminals. Normally, criminals think twice before executing their plans if there is obvious presence of police officers. Thus, patrol activity should be carried in a manner that attracts maximum attention to the police officer or police vehicles. The general goals of the police patrol force are protection of life and property, preservation of peace and order, prevention of crime, suppression of criminal activities, apprehension of criminals, enforcement of laws and...
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...Environmental Psychology Week 3: Individual Assignment The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper “A man's home is his castle” always has been an English common law for centuries, and is even a saying that is very familiar among many individuals within today’s society. In addition, individuals within today’s society have created numerous ways of defending what they may consider to be their own land, turf, or spread. This allows others to understand the difference or features conscientiously labeled among territory of an individual, which is considered private property and opened territory meant to be shared by a group that is public property. This paper will attempt to define and explain the concepts of territorial, privacy, and personal space. Even though society views these terms as somewhat similar to each other, they are very distinct in their own respected way. Territoriality is defined as a “persistent attachment to a specific territory: the pattern of behavior associated with the defense of a territory” (Merriam-Webster, 2011). This basically means that territoriality is viewed as a behavior in which a species lays claim to an area and shields it against members of its own species. Various key functions are expressed in territoriality, for instance it confirms the procreation of the species by regulating density as well as providing an outline in how things are simply done. Proper spacing is vital because it protects the species against over-exploitation...
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...Cyprus perceptions and concerns about UAVs utilization in National Guard Stelios Nikolaou Communication Department Cyprus, Nicosia steliosloukanikolaou@gmail.com Abstract- In today's age of modern technology, the trend for even larger and broader use of unmanned air vehicles is evident, especially in the military sector. These modern designed aircrafts, autonomously or remote controlled, have already shown that they will play an important role in the future global environment. The research process which is used for describing methodology was grounded theory, with structure elicitation technique. Qualitative data were collected by a questionnaire, which referred to a number of 16 people who have Cypriot citizenship. This research, answered in questions such as: should Cyprus participate with drone procurement? Furthermore, what will be the reactions and concerns of civilians when they inform about the existence of this advanced program in National Guard and that can be used as a weapon? The existing army equipment is modern or obsolete? Must National Guard upgrade the existing weapons and communication equipment? Evaluating the results of the questionnaire it can be said that the majority of the participants believe that the current military equipment is not appropriate or high advanced and it needs to be upgraded with weapons and communication systems. Most of the participants supported the idea of introducing UAVs in the Cyprus army. Additionally...
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...2. Experiments |Type of Experiment |Information |Practical issues |Ethical Issues |Theoretical issues | | | | | | | |Laboratory experiments |• A laboratory experiment is controlled and is |1. Open systems – Can only |1. Informed consent |• Positivists – experiments are good because of| | |in an artificial environment. |work with science. Society is an open system |2. Harm to subjects - everything, including |their reliability. This is because | | |• There must be two groups , an experimental |where the factors cannot be controlled. |risks, must be explained but what if you are |they can control the variables, produces | | |and control group. |2. Individuals are complex – it |Milgram? |quantitative data and is detached. However, it | | ...
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...Thieves, Thugs, and Neighborhood Poverty David Bjerk Robert Day School of Economics and Finance Claremont McKenna College 500 East Ninth Street, Claremont CA 91711 Ph: 909-607-4471 david.bjerk@cmc.edu April 25, 2010 Abstract This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty. The model shows that even under relatively minimal assumptions, a connection between individual poverty and both property and violent crimes will arise, and moreover, "neighborhood" e¤ects can develop, but will di¤er substantially in nature across crime types. A key implication is that greater economic segregation in a city should have no e¤ect or a negative e¤ect on property crime, but a positive e¤ect on violent crime. Using IV methods, I show this implication to be consistent with the empirical evidence. Keywords: Crime; Segregation; Neighborhood E¤ects; Instrumental Variables; Poverty. 1 “I don’ care if I got money, or work Monday through Friday. I just go shoot a t motherf*@#er on the weekends. If that’ what need to be done to keep my hood s and my young ones around here safe, then that’ what to get done” (quoted by s Landesman, 2007). 1 Introduction High rates of crime and violence in poor neighborhoods have been described by numerous scholars and journalists (Wilson, 1987; Krivo and Peterson, 1996; Kotlowitz, 1991; Patterson, 1991; Messner and Tardi¤, 1986, to name just a few). However, the quote above from a man...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS Background Introduction The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack of the World Trade Center in New York City, USA directly caused the death of more than three thousand innocent civilians when two hijacked jetliners deliberately slammed against the twin towers that used to be a testament to the United States’ economic clout. On the same day, two other hijacked airliners were flown to other targets, one of which was the Pentagon, the seat of America’s military might, while the fourth aircraft crashed in a Pennsylvania field, believed to have been due to its passengers fighting back to regain control. While these incidents are certainly not the latest terrorist attacks against civil aviation, these attacks are significant in the sense that its aftermath truly changed the course of history of many nations and radically changed the lifestyles of many peoples. The earliest recorded terrorist act was on September 9, 1949, when a bomb was placed and exploded in a Quebec Airways flight in Canada. Since that first recorded aviation security breach, security experts had been trying to be one step ahead of the terror groups in hardening aircraft and airport targets against all forms of terrorist attacks. However, on July 22, 1968, three gunmen from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), hijacked a passenger airliner of the Israeli airline El Al, on a flight from Rome to Tel-Aviv, and demanded the release of their comrades-in-arms who were...
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...Review of Literature: 1) Duration of TV Viewing: According to the A.C. Nielsen Co. the average American watches more than 4 hours of TV each day (28 hours / week) i.e. 2 months of nonstop TV watching per year. Number of minutes per week that parents spend in meaningful conversation with their children : 3.5 minutes / week. Number of minutes per week that the average child watches Television 1680 minutes (4 hours/day). 70% of day care centers use television during a typical day. Dietz WH, Strausburger VC & et al in 1991 study entitled “Children Adolescents and Television” revealed that – American children spend more time in front of TV than at any other activity, with the exception of sleep.8 The same research shows that American children spend an average of 2 & 1/2 to 4 hours per day watching television depending on their age. The amount of time spent by American youth in most investigations was around 3-5 hours /day.8 The Kaiser report found Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2,002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing...
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...aggressor or group of aggressors are physically or psychologically more powerful than the victim” (Boulton & Underwood, 1992; Farrington, 1993; Olweus, 1999; Rigby, 1996; Smith &Thompson, 1991). Bullying has been known to occur from the minor range from one-on-one bullying to more aggressive methods of the bully incorporating random or volunteered partakers, who may or may not willing assist the primary bully with his or her bullying assaults. Bullying from my perspective, is a serious issue that needs to be handle in high consideration due to the increase reports of homicides and suicides that are have occurred based on the devious and abusive acts of bullying. As stated by Barbara, E.F. (2012), “Bullying or bullies from other observations of society can be overlooked as, “that’s just the way people are or “there’s nothing that can be done” (Barbara, 2012). But what truly bothers me about bullying the most, is that some people observe it as a social irritant that does not inflict any serious long-term damage or short-term harm that can be kick to the curb and literally disappear over time between the victim and bully. But that is not entirely true, since this senseless act begins mostly at childhood as well as occurring towards adulthood. Bullying is a social threat that people need to be aware of based on the...
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...consolidate and sustain the country’s nascent democracy, over the years, Nigeria continues to witness with growing disappointments and apprehension inability to conduct peaceful, free and fair, open elections whose results are widely accepted and respected across the country (Ekweremadu, 2011). All the elections that have ever been conducted in Nigeria since independence have generated increasingly bitter controversies and grievances on a national scale because of the twin problems of mass violence and fraud that have become central elements of the history of elections and of the electoral process in the country (Gberie, 2011). Despite the marked improvement in the conduct of the 2011 elections, the process was not free from malpractices and violence (National Democratic Institute, 2012). Thus over the years, electoral processes in the history of Nigeria’s democratic governance have continued to be marred by extraordinary display of rigging, dodgy, “do or die” affair, ballot snatching at gun points, violence and acrimony, thuggery, boycotts, threats and criminal manipulations of voters' list, brazen falsification of election results, the use of security agencies against political opponents and the intimidation of voters (Bekoe, 2011). Despite the vital place that election holds in democracy in this 21st century, the organization of free and fair elections remains a real challenge for new democracies in West Africa, particularly Nigeria (Reynolds, 2009; Hounkpe & Gueye, 2010). The...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Paper Bonuel Johnson CJA/484 Dr. Mailloux 1/25/16 The past, present, and future practices of law requirement offices is wrongdoing counteractive action and ensuring the residents of the United States. Law implementation specialists are the first to react to a call when a criminal demonstration is happening or has happened. Alongside reacting to calls, alternate obligations that are performed by law requirement specialists are capturing law violators, performing routine watch, researching wrongdoings, authorizing activity laws, giving group and movement control at parades, and other open occasions. Another part of an operators' opportunity is spent written work reports and overhauling records of the guilty parties he or she has experienced. Most operators watch a specific locale and explore criminal movement with that ward. Some of the time they help another officer from an alternate ward in light of the fact that the wrongdoer has crossed province or state lines. Impact on Law Enforcement A pattern inside of the criminal equity framework which influenced law authorization specialists was the terrorist assault on the United States on 9/11. Since this act has happened the law enforcements have brought fusion centers in some states. “Fusion centers act as command centers for regional threats and excel in their ability to perform analysis with advanced tools and trained analysts. These centers attempt to address the fact that clues related to criminal...
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