...Victor Brand presents analyses of the management case by academicians and practitioners DIAGNOSES ANALYSIS CASE ANALYSIS I Venaik Sunil Venaik Assistant Professor, Marketing Area Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad e-mail: svenaik@iimahd.ernet.in T he objective of this case is to review Victor India Ltd.’s (VCIL) past decisions and prepare an action plan that will enable the company to survive and grow successfully in the future. VCIL is in three types of cocoa-based product businesses. First is the industrial products business of semi-processed cocoa used in different stages of chocolate manufacturing. Second is the chocolate business where it competes with large, established brands owned by multinational companies. Third is the cocoa-based beverage business. The focus of the case is mainly on VCIL’s cocoa-based beverage business. THE BEGINNINGS The company set up a plant with large production capacities to produce and market chocolates under its own brand name. The capacity utilization for the various product lines in 2000 ranged from 9 per cent to 40 per cent. On closer examination, it is seen that the highest capacity utilization is in the industrial product lines of cocoa bean crushing and cocoa powder (40% and 30% respectively). The capacity utilization for the consumer product lines ranges from 9 per cent for the moulded chocolate line to 23 per cent for the Victor Plus beverage line. Due to the low capacity utilization, especially in its consumer...
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...In his book, Smarter than You Think: How Technology is changing our Minds for the Better, Clive Thompson writes about how he thinks that advancements in technology is helping improve our intelligence rather than taking over our minds. Thompson uses the example of advanced chess to portray how amateur players who are able to better use technology triumph over professionals who aren’t. He explains that neither the computer nor the human is better at chess and that the victors are the humans who can work with the computers more efficiently. Thompson goes on talk about how people are incorporating technology all the time in their daily lives and becoming more adaptable to advanced new tools. In addition, he mentions that he believes the three biggest impacts of technology nowadays are the ability to store countless amounts of ideas and information in the form of sites like Wikipedia, the ability to find and interpret data from numerous other thinkers through social media sites like twitter and facebook, and the ability to share material through blogs and posts throughout the internet. He also describes how the current progression in technology resembles that of the past and uses examples of how the first books and other forms of writing were refined and improved in order to be more resourcefully used by humans. Although Thompson endorses the idea that people work better with technology, he is aware of the downsides of a heavily technology based society and that these...
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...Behavioral Influences Motivation is a term that can be tied to many different genres in a person’s life, from sports, school, religion, the workforce, even in oneself. Motivation is defined as an act or an instance of motivating, or providing reason to act in a certain way. This concept is the cynosure behind Victor Harold Vroom Expectancy Theory; he believed an employee’s level of effort and motivation are based on the product of three key terms Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence (Vroom, 1964,16). Victor incorporated each of these segments to prove that one would perform better if one saw a benefit or avail in the presence of work. I plan to tie his theory and its sections to help supervisor A improve the employee’s work ethic to meet the new production process at the audio products company. The audio product company has characterized its company by creating high production standards and goals to achieve the best audio products in the industry. In striving to maintain its goals it incorporated new production process, this process has been affecting the team of supervisor A production ability. Different employees seem to be facing various conflicts with the new process; some feel as though they can’t become successful with more hand dexterity. Other feel it’s not worth putting in the extra effort for the goal, and last are the ones who can meet the requirements but feel no concern or motivation to achieve the goal. I believe each one of Vroom 3 part theory...
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...novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the main character is named Victor Frankenstein, a person of unnatural cruelty. Throughout the book, Victor encourages the reader to believe that his horrid creation is a monster, but in reality, it is Victor. Throughout the novel Victor displays his cruelty in the way he treats his family, the way Victor acts toward the creation, and is visible through Victor’s lack of responsibility in caring for his loved ones. Victor Frankenstein treats his family and friends with no regard. He spends two years away from his family in college secretly working to bring a deceased man back to life. His family does not hear from him once during this span of time. Victor is so obsessed with completing his creation that his wife, Elizabeth, believes he is having an affair with another woman. “I conjure you by our mutual happiness, with simple truth—Do you not love another?’ ‘You have travelled; you have spent several years of your life at Ingolstadt; and I confess to you, my friend, that when I saw you last autumn so unhappy, flying to solitude from the society of every creature, I could not help supposing that you might regret our connection and believe yourself bound in honour to fulfil the wishes of your parents, although they opposed themselves to your inclinations.”’ (Shelley 178) Victor is so preoccupied with his work that he drives Elizabeth to think that he is not in love with her anymore. Victor does not tell his family about his creation. The affect...
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...Expectancy Theory of Motivation Lina Khachekian In order for businesses to motivate, they need to make sure that they practice motivation on a regular basis. If they practice what they preach, they will receive and see the full output that their employees give them. Victor Vroom proposed The expectancy theory of motivation in 1964, and this theory is one that is supposed to help guide businesses on what to do in order to achieve the motivation levels and continue to retain all of your employees rather than have a lot of turnover. The Expectancy theory of motivation is one that explains why employees are motivated and why they choose one source of action over another one. They choose these actions based on their goals of achieving the individual reward. The theory revolves around three components. The first component of the theory is the Expectancy: Effort-performance relationship. The provability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component would be the Instrumentality which is that Performance results in Outcome. The performance you make is the reward you will receive. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desire outcome (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Valence which equals Rewards. In this component each individual puts a value on the reward that they...
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...LET1 Task 317.1.1-06 Expectancy Theory of Motivation Western Governors University Effort verse reward. This is a common discussion among many business executives, teachers, military leaders and other individuals that are in a supervisory role. A frequent question that I’m sure is often asked of oneself being in a supervisory role is “What can I do to get the desired results that I want/need, or am being told to achieve; from the people I am directly responsible?” And to answer that question and others like it is the Expectancy Theory. What is the Expectancy Theory? The Expectancy Theory of motivation was brought to life in 1964 by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management, during “his study of the motivations behind decision making.” (Expectancy theory (2008). Retrieved August 8, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectancy_theory). What Vroom was able to theorize is that there are three components that comprise the Expectancy Theory of motivation: expectancy, instrumentality and valence, as defined below. Expectancy (effort > performance) – expectancy is an individual’s belief that they can reach a desired goal by putting forth a certain amount of effort. This belief is usually based on one’s past experiences, amount of self-confidence and how difficult they view the goal. For example, I want to be able to bench press 300lbs. again. I’ve done it in the past already, so I’m fairly certain I can do it again with a strong commitment to the gym, eating...
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...This study examines the extent to which compensation management can be used as a tool for improving organizational performance in a typical public sector organization like the Anambra State of Nigeria Civil Service. Guided by the Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation, this study seeks to ascertain if financial compensations have a significant relationship with employee performance in the public service using Anambra State Civil Service as a reference. It also aimed at finding out if efforts of the employees are commensurate with financial compensations and ascertain the extent to which reform programmes of the State Government have affected compensation policies and practices. In pursuance of the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey design was adopted. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was used for data analysis and Z-test was also used to test the significance of the coefficient of correlation at 5% level of significance. It was found that financial compensation for staff members in the public service do not have a significant effect on their performance and that financial compensation received are not commensurate with staff efforts. The study further found that reform programmes of the Government do not have a significant effect on the financial compensation policies and practices in the public sector due to poor compensation management. Based on these findings, it isrecommended that for any public service organization such as the Anambra State of Nigeria...
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...Context: I worked as Investment Accountant in my company for Five years. I worked very hard, met my objectives, be creative and improved my Skills. Throughout this period I did not receive any kind of rewards such as Bonuses, Performance feedback, social recognition and promotion due to ineffective rewarding system that implemented by our company. Write the problem in your way and follow the instruction in Analytic Essay 1 under Context Symptoms I felt disappointed and not interested to the work that affects in the following outcomes: 1. Low performance. 2. Low productivity 3. Lower my loyalty 4. Lack of discipline and accountability 5. Looking for other job. If you have better than what mentioned above Please add with explanation and follow the instruction in Analytic Essay 1 under Symptoms Causes: Under causes use Expectancy Theory and linked with the above motivation problem. There is also two theories, please use the one that is fit and related to the above problem. 1. 1-The operant Approach: How do rewards and punishment affect Motivation? 2. 2-Factors Theory (By Herzberg). Follow the instruction in Analytic Essay 1 under Causes Fix: What exactly happened in reality, I set with my manager and complained about my situation, but nothing changes so I was looking for other job and once they knew my decision,they promoted me (higher Grade, senior position and higher salary) to keep me work in the company Other solutions in my opinion (no need to use them...
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...SOCIAL EXCHANGE AND EQUITY THEORY Social exchange and equity theory revolve around the balance between efforts and rewards in organizations. The individual-organization exchange relationship addresses the contributions and demands that each party makes in the relationship. A. Demands and Contributions 1. Demands Needs form the basis for the expectations or demands placed on organizations by individuals. Organizations express demands on individuals through job expectations, mission statements, and performance feedback. 2. Contributions Contributions are the basis for satisfying the demands expressed by the other party in the relationship. Individual contributions include knowledge, skills, abilities, and professional contacts. Organizational contributions include status, benefits, income, and affiliation. B. Adams’s Theory of Inequity Adams's developed a theory of social exchange that analyzes inequity in the workplace. Specifically, inequity is the situation in which a person perceives he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or is giving less than he or she is receiving. Individuals calculate an inputoutcome ratio for themselves and compare it with an inputoutcome ratio for another person. If the ratios are not equivalent, perceived inequity results. C. The Resolution of Inequity Individuals seek to resolve inequity because it produces tension. The seven strategies...
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...Week 5 case studies According to the needs theory, individuals have three types of needs resulting from their life experiences. These are the need for achievement, need for affiliation, and the need for power. Since purchasing Pixar, from Lucas Films, Steve Jobs invested nearly $60 million to keep the company afloat before they began seeing success. When Jobs purchased the company for $5 million, he was seeking a new technology venture similar to Apple. His individual needs aligned with Pixar’s company culture, as both Jobs and Pixar are regarded as some of the most innovative companies/public figures ever to live. Jobs’ was able to innovate Pixar’s business model of selling rendering computers to producing films and selling animation softwares. Jobs’ personally holds a high standard for the need for achievement. Fresh off of leaving Apple, Jobs was looking for another company to bring into the limelight and wouldn't settle for anything else. Steve Jobs was able to recognize the potential for demand for computer graphic generating companies and refused to sell out too early. Although the technologies may not have been originally there for Pixar to achieve financial success, Jobs’ never failed to invest time and money into the building and development of Pixar. Along with his high standard of need for achievement, Jobs’ places a large emphasis on the need for affiliation throughout his company. He feels it is important for everyone to get alone well and contribute at...
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...beaming in through the unshut curtains, Victor Frankenstein was awake. He could feel the rays of sun hitting his sheets and loved the warmth they provided. He was to comfortable to get up. He rolled over to look to see if his creature was awake as well and to his surprise the creature was missing from his twin bed. Victor immediately got up and dressed and rushed over to 221-B Baker Street to as Sherlock Holmes for his help. On an oddly warm, november day, Sherlock Holmes heard a knock on his door. It was a Sunday and he knew he would have a busy day. He already called Inspector Lestrade over to assist with his investigations. Once reaching the door he saw the notorious Victor Frankenstein. In shock he started talking fast and getting excited. He had admired Victor's work for quite some time and actually studied some of it while at oxford. Victor cut him off and said, “The creature, he is missing.” Sherlock was shocked. He was being called upon by one of the most famous scientist to help him find his creation....
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...Patrick McCormick, in his article “Why Monsters Have Become Alien to Us” originally appearing in the Christianity magazine, U.S. Catholic (1996), argues that monsters, especially in modern movies, are simply a representation of humans and our disconnection to needy individuals in the real world. McCormick supports his argument by comparing classic monster tales with characters of a certain depth and humanity, such as Count Dracula and Frankenstein’s monster, that grabs at the compassionate hearts of audiences to contemporary films that often include a united human race defeating alien-like monsters without hesitation. The purpose of McCormick’s essay is to show how most people treat monsters, no matter how they were created or place themselves in this world, in order to answer the question of whether monsters reside within us. Given the article's location in a sophisticated magazine, McCormick aims this essay at an educated audience interested in the human need to destroy, rather than accept, monsters. 1. There are many reasons why monster stories have endured popularity over the years. One reason McCormick points out is the action and adrenaline associated with modern movies. He claims that these movies tend to be designed for theme park rides and video games since they are all about the fight or flight response that adrenaline. The contemporary monster plot line involves characters hunting, killing, and fleeing from danger; never giving the audience time to process the humanity...
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...Both Griffin of Invisible Man and Victor of Frankenstein are what we might classify as mad scientists. They have a need to create something never before done, against the persecution of the unbelieving science community. Although they differ in what they create, they both become successful in their quest towards a larger understanding of the scientific unknown. But the two end their tales in different states of mind, to which one might derive a certain sense of judgment in each. Of the two mad scientists one would most likely point towards Griffin as the less likable. His breakthrough was not to benefit the world or for the scientific community; it was simply for his personal gain. One might argue the same against Victor but he had very little gain from his creation His was rather to prove a human could create life from an unanimated body, in which he was going to show to the rest of the world. Griffin does not share his secret with anyone, he even has a coded journal where he keeps his formulas and notes. Victor does not share his secret either but he believes his creation is a menace and a monster and therefore should never be repeated. Griffin is a static character; he never changes throughout his tale, nor does he learn his lesson. He is greedy, selfish, uncaring and arrogant. He steals money from his father which becomes the cause of his death and never sheds a tear. He creates the invisibility potion for personal gain and even after creating it he says “all this isn’t...
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...Motivation is defined as the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior (Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. p.162 (2011). Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management is based on the premise that employees will put forth an amount of work and commitment equal to what they expect to receive in return. Compensation structures leverage this theory by allowing employees to earn as much money as they desire, completely based on their job performance (smallbusiness.chro.com). ). "This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients” (Montana, Patrick J; Charnov, Bruce H). Effective employee motivation can increase employees' productivity and loyalty; while the absence of it can lead to increased employee turnover. Making sure that employees always expect future pay raises and potential job promotions keeps them working hard to achieve personal goals. If employees expect little compensation and no growth opportunities in return for their work, it is suggested that they may put forth only minimal effort (smallbusiness.chron.com). The three components of the theory are valence which is the “value or importance one places in a particular reward” (Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. p.179 (2011). Expectancy is the belief that effort leads to performance and instrumentality is the belief that performance is related to rewards (Nelson...
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...The Real Menace on the Island Some might say that the monster, or monsters, on the island are the beast people. But Moreau has very evil characteristics that some people might not be able to see. He uses his island as a safe haven to keep away from the general public to conduct inhumane experiments on helpless animals giving the humanistic traits to try and make them ¨better¨ even though they normally go wrong. The real menace on the island is definitely Dr. Moreau. The vivisections that Moreau does on these animals are very inhumane. So inhumane to the point where he got kicked out of London for performing them. Basically what he is doing is cutting the animal open and performing experiments to the animal while it’s still alive and awake....
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