...The Battle of Saratoga was a major event in the American Revolution, during which British General John Burgoyne made a second attack, which was unsuccessful, on American troops, and was later forced to surrender. Summary: The Battle of Saratoga served as a turning point in the American Revolution. On September 19th, 1777, British General John Burgoyne and his troops were granted a minor victory in a battle just north of Albany, at Freeman’s Farm, against the American forces, which were led by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold. Although the British accomplished this small win, Burgoyne’s troops were left weakened. However, on October 7th, 1777, Burgoyne decided to carry out yet another attack on American troops at Bemis Heights, despite the...
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...Summary on Walt Whitman's-'O Captain!My Captain ‘O Captain! My Captain’ is a moving poem in which Whitman expresses his profound sense of grief at a tragic end of a leader of men is addressed to Abraham Lincoln, one of the greatest presidents of the United States of America, who fought a war (the American Civil War) against the Southern States to give the Negro slaves freedom and human dignity. The war was won, the slaves were freed, but Lincoln, soon after his election as president for a second term, fell a victim to an assassin’s bullet. The leader is being conceived as the brave captain of a ship who falls dead on the deck just when the journey is over and the victory is won. Whitman delivers the message to the captain and declares that their fearful and dangerous trip is done. Their ship had withstood every destructive encounter and their prized reward that they longed for is won. Their weary ship is drawing near the sea-port, the church bells are ringing to celebrate a victory and the people are rejoicing. Yet in the midst the celebration, he sees that within the grim and the daring vessel, his heart would spill profusely with drops of blood of immeasurable sadness to see his captain lying cold and dead. Whitman pleads desperately to the captain to get up from his bed and see that the people are flying the flag just for him. The people are blowing their trumpets and bugles and are waiting to present him with bunches of flowers and decorated garlands...
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...The Battle of the Bulge The battle of the Ardennes is a battle that happened on December 16, 1944 through January 25, 1945. It was also known as the battle of the Bulge. It was the largest battle fought on the Western Front in Europe during World War ll: it is also the largest battle ever fought by the United States Army. Three to five battalions, approximately 1500 to 4000 soldiers, comprise a brigade. The size of a division varies from about 10000 to 18000 soldiers, and most divisions have three or more brigades of roughly equal size. During the Battle of the Bulge, combatants not only fought each other but the brutal weather during this time. It was the coldest weather so far in history. At 5:30 a.m. on December 16, 1944, the temperature...
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... The Domino Effect of the White Terror Have you ever tapped lightly against one domino and watched it knock down a whole line of these small squares? It is amazing how one single action can reciprocate so many other events. This is not only the case for dominoes, of course- everyday events have occurred like this too. A perfect example of the domino effect is the Communist split from the Nationalists, commonly known as the White Terror. This sudden purge only lasted around three nights, but the effects of the split would last for many decades in the future. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) split from the Chinese Nationalists in 1927 affected both China itself and other foreign nations through the triggering of major wars, changes in international relations, and the formation of modern China- one of the world’s leading economies. The effects of the split, both positive and negative, would last for many years to come. After splitting from the Nationalists, Mao Zedong led the legendary Long March- a campaign that would garner support for him and split the country into two parties. Although the route was extremely long and dangerous, the popularity gained along the way sustained the marchers. As Mao Zedong wrote in his 1935 poem The Long March, “the Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, holding light ten thousand crags and torrents ... Min Mountain's thousand li of snow joyously crossed, the three Armies march on, each face glowing”...
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...SUMMARY OF THE PUNIC WARS The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. By the time the First Punic War broke out, Rome had become the dominant power throughout the Italian peninsula, while Carthage a powerful city state in northern Africa had established itself as the leading power in the world. The First Punic War broke out in 264 B.C. when Rome interfered in a dispute on the Carthaginian controlled island of Sicily. The war ended with Rome in control of both Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's emergence as a naval as well as a land power. In the Second Punic War, the great Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy and scored great victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before his eventual defeat at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C. that left Rome in control of the western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War, the Romans, led by Scipio the Younger, captured and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 B.C., turning Africa into yet another province of the mighty Roman Empire. Origin of the first Punic War Carthage had, in the 260s control of much of Sicily. This mattered little to Rome for it had few direct interests there. Thus when a complicated little dispute arose in the city of Messana in 264 and one side appealed to Carthage while the other appealed to Rome no one thought it was any more than...
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...The presented project is a poster displaying important battles throughout the Civil War. The poster contains a map of a section of the United States during the Civil War Era. The map is color coded making the Confederate states and Union States distinctly identifiable. The battles of the Civil War are then labeled on the map and marked red or blue to identify it as a Confederate or Union victory. The identification of each helps to demonstrate that the South did indeed fight a defensive battle for most of the battles fought were in the South or Confederate territory. The cards on the side go in date order and each card gives brief information about each battle. The each of the cards contain the location, date, casualties, commanders, and significance...
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...Emancipation Proclamation summary: The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as the country entered the third year of the Civil War. It declared that "all persons held as slaves … shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free"—but it applied only to states designated as being in rebellion, not to the slave-holding border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri or to areas of the Confederacy that had already come under Union control. The careful planning of this document, with Lincoln releasing it at just the right moment in the war, ensured that it had a great positive impact on the Union efforts and redefined the purpose of the war. The Emancipation Proclamation continues to be a symbol of equality and social justice. The First Confiscation Act In August 1861, Congress passed the First Confiscation Act, authorizing the confiscation of any property—including slaves—used in the rebellion against the U.S. government. Later that month, Union major general John C. Fremont, commander of the Department of the West, issued an order declaring martial law in Missouri and freeing all slaves held by Missouri secessionists. In a letter dated September 11 that was published in Union newspapers, Lincoln ordered Fremont to change his order to conform to the First Confiscation Act, afraid that linking abolition with the war would cause the slave-holding border states to rebel. When it became clear that Fremont would not revoke...
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...normal as any other human. Summary He lived and grew up In America roughly 250 years ago back then it was a whole different place than it was now. America was part of the British empire at the time of Gorge Washington’s life. America had lots of land to build houses, other projects and had thick forest for plenty of wood which would later benefit him. Gorge Washington was born into the upper class with benefits and wealth with the best education these type of benefits help...
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...Pearl Harbor Summary Paper #2 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for HIST310 World History and Culture II By December 2011 Abstract In 1931, Japan showed aggressive behavior in northeast Asia as they tried to conquer China in 1937. In early 1940’s, Japan decided to associate themself with Axis powers with countries like Russia and Germany. The United States demanded Japan to pull away from China and Indochina, however, the Japanese resisted and wanted to continue to take more territory and prepare for war. With their aggression in Asia, the United States placed an embargo on Japan by stopping all shipment of valuable resources such as oil, steel, and iron scrap which the Japanese needed for war to other Asian country. Immigrations from Japan were also banned to come to the United States. Britain and the Netherlands ceased Japanese assets as well to prevent the Japanese from buying oil, which their armies needed for war. Japanese were angered and decided to destroy the United States Pacific fleet in Oahu, Hawaii. This they did with ease, but paid a price. Pearl Harbor On November 26, 1941, the Japanese fleet left Japan to detect the route towards Pearl Harbor under the command of Admiral Nagumo. On December 1, Nagumo received his final orders from General Tojo Hideki and Admiral Yamamoto to attack Pearl Harbor. On early morning of December 7, the Japanese armies were in position 275 miles north of Hawaii; the air...
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...Book 1 That night, Agamemnon puts Chryseis on a ship back to her father and sends heralds to have Briseis escorted from Achilles’ tent. Achilles prays to his mother, the sea-nymph Thetis, to ask Zeus, king of the gods, to punish the Achaeans. He relates to her the tale of his quarrel with Agamemnon, and she promises to take the matter up with Zeus—who owes her a favor—as soon as he returns from a thirteen-day period of feasting with the Aethiopians. Thetis makes her appeal to Zeus, as promised. Zeus is reluctant to help the Trojans, for his wife, Hera, favors the Greeks, but he finally agrees. Hera becomes livid when she discovers that Zeus is helping the Trojans, but her son Hephaestus persuades her not to plunge the gods into conflict over the mortals. Analysis But while the poem focuses most centrally on the rage of a mortal, it also concerns itself greatly with the motivations and actions of the gods. Even before Homer describes the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, he explains that Apollo was responsible for the conflict. In general, the gods in the poem participate in mortal affairs in two ways. First, they act as external forces upon the course of events, as when Apollo sends the plague upon the Achaean army. Second, they represent internal forces acting on individuals, as when Athena, the goddess of wisdom, prevents Achilles from abandoning all reason and persuades him to cut Agamemnon with words and insults rather than his sword. But while the gods serve a serious...
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...THE SIX DAY WAR - AIR CAMPAIGN INTRODUCTION 1. The 1967 Arab-Israel six day war was the 3rd major struggle faced by the Israel in order to maintain its existence since it became a state in 1948[1]. The war can be considered as one of the most perfect military operations in the modern period. Surprisingly in just six days, the Israel Defence Force (IDF) managed to defeat the armed forces of the three major Arab countries and conquered Sinai, The West Bank and The Golan Height. The victories gave Israel more security from attack and secured a dominant military position in the region[2]. The combination of three major (Air, Land and Maritime) strike planned by the Israel has resulted the victory for Israeli. Even though the war involved three main elements, this paper will just focus on the air campaign which can be considered as the main factor for the victory of Israel and the failure for the Arabs’ allies. 2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general brief on the background of the war and will focus more on the air campaign as the decisive factor that lead to the Israel victory. The flow of this paper will start with the genesis of the war which will provide the background of the six days war followed by the comparison of the Order of Battle (ORBAT). The comparison of ORBAT will give the summary of the assets involved and destroyed in the war and its effects on the outcome of the war. Series of the event from the first day of war until the sixth...
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...from the ancient book The Art of War which is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It influenced eastern military thinking and emphasized the most efficient way of gaining victory with the least amount of conflict. The original text is purposely made obscure and difficult to understand, so that Sun Tzu remained employed, as the king would need him for interpretation. Although it has a mixture of profound philosophy and detailed tactical prescriptions that are great for battles about 2500 years ago, the book is also useful today. The teaching of Sun Tzu is powerful: it will not only instruct us, but also reveal where we stand and how to approach a problem, how to deal with adversity, and how to handle the whims of fate. The author, Chin-Ning Chu, perfectly applied Sun Tzu’s theory to integrate our styles and personal philosophy into every action we take. She provided examples, references, and anecdotes that were not available in the original book The Art of War. This book is written particularly for women because women have the ability to negotiate and they are able to be modest and understand that silence is golden. This book will guide us to use the full spectrum of the strategies that are contained in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War with a holistic approach to winning. This book contains 13 chapters and our team covered chapter 1 through 6. Book Summary Chapter 1 The strategies in The Art of War are based on Taoism. Taoism's main...
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...6) How did two major conflicts, the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo-Japanese War a decade later, influence Western perceptions of Japan and Asia? The Sino-Japanese War from 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War a decade later were monumental events in the history of Asia and its ripples were felt in the Western world. In the Sino-Japanese War, the Western world witnessed the fruits of Meiji Japan’s modernization program, its modern military, routed the Chinese hitherto the dominant Asian power. Japan’s victory defeat of Russia became a significant milestone in modern history, marking the first major modern conflict where an Asian nation had defeated an European power. As such, this study seeks to present in detail the changes in Western perception towards Japan, as it became a modern military power and its image of the Asian people in the aftermath of both events. Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) The outcome of the Sino-Japanese War meant that Japan had successfully displaced Qing China as the dominant power in East Asia, marking a remarkable shift from millennia old power arrangements in the region centered on China. This turn of events did not escape Western observations and led to Japan being recognized as the dominant Asian power. According to the historian Sarah Paine, ‘Before the war, the most widespread Western image of Japan was undoubtedly provided by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, the famous operetta duo. The year 1885 marked the premiere of what...
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...JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? Word Count: 3746 Abstract: This extended essay has the subject of Code Breaking Intelligence. When studying the Second World War, the phrase ‘code breaking’ is not highlighted as a significant factor, so this investigation is to assess the contribution of code intelligence in the Second World War. The main question being: To what extent did breaking code JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? The scope of this investigation is confined to two specific codes called the JN-25 and Ultra. This is due to the abundance of codes and ciphers used during WWII. It is also limited to where, either the Pacific or Atlantic theatres, these two codes were most effectively applied to aid the Allies. Information was attained from secondary sources to create a bank of relative information to the research question. The conclusion that can be drawn from this investigation is that code intelligence did significantly aid the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres. With the assistance of JN-25 the Americans halted the Japanese in the Pacific theatre, stopping its expansionist and aggressive behaviour. Similarly, the British and the Americans, with the help of code Ultra, achieved an offensive against Germany and Hitler, plus shortening the war by two to four years, supported by the historians: Wladyslaw Kozaczuk and Sir Harry Hinsley...
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...shared the Menshevik view which predicted that the overthrow of capitalism was far off. Lenin had to work hard to persuade the Bolshevik party to understand his interpretation. Lenin’s success was largely based on his force of personality, but it also owed something to the support he received from new entrants in the Bolshevik party. Secondly, Lenin raised the Bolsheviks’ political profile as he recognised that the Bolsheviks were too weak to mount a serious challenge for power. The Bolsheviks had around 25,000 members in February 1917, however by April this figure had risen to 75,000. This was done through the April Theses which were policies designed to appeal to leftwing opinion in Petrograd. These policies focused on opposition to the war, immediate transfer of the nobility’s estates to the peasantry and...
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