...Ethics Final Exam Albert Camus encourages the process of suicide because he believes that “life is meaningless”, so it does not matter if the life of a person is taken away. He does not believe in the saying life is precious. Camus makes a connection by displaying “game” as the symbol of life. He explains, “One must follow and understand this fatal game that leads from lucidity in the face of existence.” [1]If people understand the game then they have better chance of understanding what their purpose is in the world. Louis Hope Walker a theist, contest with Camus because his beliefs are that religion, in particular the theistic religion gives a special meaning to life. Walker shows that life has a purpose. Meaning and independence are important factors in every ones life and that they are compatible within the religious framework. Autonomy is important because GOD gave every one free will and intellect, so we need it on determining what is considered good and bad. He supposes that we should give up a little freedom in order to obtain more happiness. Geneus 2 Value does not always make a person seem good, but the enormous increase of happiness does. He gives the example of “what if we were able to eliminate poverty, crime, and great suffering in the world by sacrificing at least one independent ability, would people take part in such involvement.” [2]If people did, autonomy would be decreased. Victor Frankl a member of the concentration camp, on the...
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...Michael Smith Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC 300 Professor Frederick October 11, 2015 Assess the positive and negative effects that peace and war, respectively, have on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing country that you have selected. Support your response with concrete examples of each of the results that you have cited. The country that I selected is Ukraine. It seems that within this country, peace and war live side by side. This coexistence of peace and war inside Ukraine, coupled with the untreated psychological trauma many soldiers suffer in combat, leaves many veterans and returning troops feeling out of place and unable to reintegrate into the lives they left behind (Peterson, 2015). The negative effects of peace and war going side by side is how the situation affects all those in the area. Being in a situation like this isn’t good for all those in Ukraine. Being in a situation like this can cause trauma for years to come and could possibly start a trickle-down effect for other generations. Ukraine is currently going through a struggle and it seems that the people of lower standards are taking advantage of it. From what I read, it seems that this country has been through a lot of tough times and it doesn’t seem to be getting any easier. Jeltoe, a village with a few dozen homes, has been split in two by the conflict in east Ukraine, which has raged for a year and cost more than 8,000 lives (Vitkine, 2015). The northern...
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...The decision of the Ukrainian president to deny political ties to the European Union stirred a lot of controversy within Ukraine. The controversy inevitably divided the country into two groups, those who are pro democratic and support ties to the European Union, and those who support the already deep-rooted political ties with Russia, which is the government and its forces. The conflict intensified as months passed, and violence between the two groups became an issue. By analyzing this current event, the psychological elements of situational attribution, conflict, and deinviduation, can be applied to both sides of the situation in Ukraine to justify their actions and behavior. The conflict in Ukraine arose when the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, denied a trade pact offered by the European Union. As a result of the action taken by the president, pro democrats who urged the ties to the EU protested in Independence Square of Kiev, while authorities attempted to suppress them. As the conflict intensified with no solution being brought to the table, aggressive pro democrat protests resulted in a clash with authorities in independence square on February 19th . Surrounding buildings were set on fire, rocks were thrown at riot police, and activists were being shot dead. The fighting between the mostly masked activists and government forces resulted in 21 total deaths. The formation of pro democratic activist groups and actions taken by them and authorities can be categorized...
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...Throughout the book Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, a boy who does not know his place in life, illustrates the human need for logotherapy. Viktor Frankl, a Holocaust survivor, wrote "Mans search for meaning", in which he describes his experiences and ways of resisting the efforts of dehumanization in the holocaust. In Viktor Frankl's writing he delineates Logotherapy, which are three principles of mankind. The main character in Catcher in the Rye is Holden Caulfield, he is an unstable young man, who wanders around New York for three days, without knowing where to go or what do. Holden Caulfield would benefit if he applied Logotherapy to his everyday life. The first principle of logotherapy states that's man has an inborn will to meaning, "We seek to live not only for ourselves, but to contribute something of worth to other people and to the world we live in."(370) Holden Caulfield rarely shows this trait, but he does reveal it seldomly to people he does not know for example when he says to a cab driver, "You know those ducks in that lagoon right near central park? That little lake? By any chance do you happen to know where they go, the ducks, when it gets all frozen over?∦"(60) This exhibits that Holden cares for some things, which means he has a will to meaning somewhere inside of him, he just needs to find it, like one of his teachers says, "∦but I can very clearly see you dying nobly, for some highly unworthy cause"(188) In this quote, Mr. Antolini...
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...Viktor Frankl was born in Vienna, Austria where he was known as a doctor who was working at a psychiatric hospital. As Frankl lived in Vienna he pursed his education a little more. Frankl was working on a book at the time which he was doing different observations and analysis. Which he wasn’t looking for his book to be a top seller, just a piece of something that he had done. But before Frankl could finish up his book, the year of 1942 in the month of September, Frankl, along with his family, were captured and became a victim of concentration camps. He and his family and hundreds more people were taken to a camp. Upon arrival at the camp Frankl and his family were split up into different groups and separated for good. All the prisoners...
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...determine the rules that ought to govern human conduct, the values worth pursuing, and the character traits deserving development in life.  Responsibility as a key concept of contemporary morality Although often used, the term is rarely explained in the business ethics literature. Max Weber 1919: separates the ethics of conviction from the ethics of responsibility. Walter Schulz 1972: defines responsibility as „self-commitment originating from freedom in worldly relationships,“ maintaining the polarity of responsibility (with an inner and an outer pole). Responsibility includes three components:  Subject: Authority: Contents: Who is responsible? To whom is one responsible? For what is one responsible? Viktor E. Frankl in “Man’s Search for Meaning“ (1984): “Freedom is only part of the story and half of the truth. Freedom is but the negative aspect of the whole phenomenon whose positive aspect is responsibility. In fact, freedom is in danger of degenerating into mere arbitrariness unless it is lived in terms of responsibility. That is why I recommend that the Statue of Liberty on the East Coast be supplemented by a Statue of Responsibility on the West...
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...civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes caused the Ukraine’s Supreme Court to annul the presidential election results and order a revote. The Revolution was a great success and mandated a change to the Ukrainian constitution that shifted powers from the presidency to the parliament. Leader of the revolution, President Yushchenko was leader of the Our Ukraine faction in the Ukrainian parliament and a former Prime Minister (1999-2001). During the revolution he was able to keep a protest of hundreds and thousands of people amazingly peaceful. His political camp and supporters used the color orange to signify his election campaign which later represented the series of events to be called the Orange Revolution. His opponent was Viktor Yanukovych who was the sitting Prime Minister and also largely supported by Leonid Kuchma, the outgoing President of Ukraine who already served two terms in the office and was prohibited from running himself due to the constitutional term limits. During the 2004 election, Yanukovych had the support from the outgoing president’s administration that had power over government and state apparatus. In September 2004, one month before the first round of votes, Yushchenko suffered from severe dioxin poisoning which nearly killed him. Many say this was planned by his opponents in hope from him becoming President. Although Yushchenko did not die from this horrific experience the poisoning weakened his health and altered his appearance...
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...brought by human beings changing their way of thinking and focusing their thinking to what they think matters most in their lives. This mode of thinking is known as logotherapy. It was first coined Dr. Victor Emil Frankl. Frankl is mostly known for his book, Mans search for Meaning where he uses his life as an example to show that even after losing everything dear to them, human beings can still find meaning in his life. Frankl went through four concentration camps where he lost his wife, father and mother. Even after all this suffering Frankl still managed to find meaning in his life. Frankl’s suffering can be said to be the main motivation towards the development of Logotherapy. Key terms are Logotheraphy, Viktor Frankl, psychoanalysis. Development of Logotherapy. Viktor Frankl became interested in medicine while still an adolescent. He became interested in psychology while in High School (Life and Work, n.d). Frankl attended the same school as Sigmund Freud. Frankl became interested in Freud’s thinking and philosophies. Frankl started correspondence with Freud but soon differed with Freud’s thinking that sexual impulses explain a majority of human behavior Frankl claimed that Freud’s thinking to be too dogmatic to explain human being behavior. After leaving Freud, Frankl became interested in Alfred Alder’s philosophy on individual psychology. Individual psychology was mainly relied on environmental and societal factors to explain human behavior. Frankl however left Alder...
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...Phillip Robertson 11/21/14 Dr. Michael Railey Biographical Sketch Viktor E. Frankl the author of Man’s Search for Meaning had a very important and eventful life. His life before being forced into the Nazi concentration camps although vague showed that he was a very accomplished psychiatrist with a scientific journal ready for publication and a loving husband. He then became a forced laborer until his medical skills saved him. He was moved from forced labor to a position as a doctor helping typhus patients until his camp was liberated. After his imprisonment in the concentration camps he used his experiences and observations of all he had seen to form a new school of psychology called Logotherapy. Summary The book starts off in the transport...
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...Man’s Search for Meaning Book Review There have been several books written by those who suffered in concentration camps during World War II; however, Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor E. Frankl is the both a fascinating and hopeful book from this period. This book is comprised of two primary parts. Part one is “Experiences in a Concentration Camp,” and part two is titled “Logotherapy in a Nutshell”. There is also a postscript entitled “The Case for a Tragic Optimism”. Throughout the book, Frankl gives the readers a new perspective about to how to view life and reiterates the statement that life is utterly what you decide to make of it. Frankl clearly states that he did not want to solely focus on the negative aspects from his stay in four different Concentration Camps including Auschwitz and Dachau but rather his own personal experience of survival. Immediately upon entering Auschwitz in 1942, he had to part ways with his prized almost completed scientific manuscript, which meant a great deal to him. Man’s Search for Meaning teaches the reader that it is possible to be positive in the most dire of situations. There are several factors in the book that Frankl discusses that helped him survive in the camps. He noted that there are three phases of the inmate’s mental reactions to life in camp: the admission period, the period when he is deep into the camp routine, and that after his release and liberation. His camp experience seemed nothing shy of a nightmare. Liberation...
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...Tasia Barefield PHIL 104 - 003 Professor Steinbock 2-19-13 What is the Meaning of Life? After reading A Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor R. Frankl and short story The Grand Inquisitor on the Nature of Man by Fyodor Dostoevsky, one may begin to question freedom and the meaning of life is. Both books give their readers an abundance of information for them to decide for themselves if these two things go hand in hand. After reading both books I came to realize that a person does not need to be free to have a meaning of life. A person can find happiness in any situation they are placed in when they just have to find a reason to be happy. The Grand Inquisitor on the Nature of Man is a short story from the novel The Brothers Karamazov. The story about human nature and freedom is told by Ivan to his younger brother Alyosha. Alyosha just so happens to be a Monk and Ivan questions if there is a God. Their discussion is very dramatic and causes its readers to assume Ivan’s standpoint on religious faith. It almost seems as if Ivan is trying to get Alyosha to really think about his faith. He never says what he truly believes in; he kept his role as storyteller throughout the whole story. Dostoevsky’s story is about Jesus returning to earth to the city of Seville, during the Spanish Inquisition. He explains that the people automatically recognized him when they first saw him. Ivan explains to Alyosha saying: He comes silently and unannounced;...
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...the other line you immediately interrupt her to tell her it is dire that you get a new phone as soon as possible. After ignorantly insisting for a new phone your mother then informs you that your grandmother has severely fallen and it is not looking to good for her and she might not make it. Taken back you instantly realize how selfish and ungrateful you were acting. Sometimes people get caught up in materialistic things and lose sight of the true meaning of life. It is moments like these that bring us back to reality and remind us not to get caught up in the little things in life. With that in mind, Dr. Viktor Frankl does an exceptional job in Man’s Search for Meaning portraying the true meaning of life, which more often than not in our materialistic world many people lose sight of. Through his research and first hand experience in the concentration camps, Dr. Viktor Frankl is able to teach us that it is not the...
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...Psychotherapies BEH/225 Kristie Browning September 1, 2015 Joshua Paul Humanistic therapies are used to help patients gain insight into their feelings, emotions, and behaviors. The three main psychotherapies are client-centered therapy, existential therapy, and gestalt therapy. Psychotherapy has often been depicted as a complete personal transformation—a sort of “major overhaul” of the psyche. But therapy is not equally effective for all problems (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). Client-Centered Therapy was developed by Carl Rogers. Rogers referred to his Patients as clients rather than patients because he felt by calling them patients It made it sound as if they were sick and needed treatment in order to be cured. Rogers also thought that what may be right for the therapist may not be right for the client. It was Rogers that also allowed his clients to talk about what they wanted to talk about in their sessions together. Client- centered therapy focuses on finding one’s true self that is hidden deep within one’s own defenses (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). Existential Therapy has some similarities as client-centered therapy such as, both therapies promote self-knowledge. With that being said there are prominent differences as well. Existential therapists try to give clients the courage to make rewarding and socially constructive choices. Typically, therapy focuses on death...
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...A Critical Review of Man’s Search for Meaning by Laura Beres Introduction In Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor E. Frankl tells the very personal story of his experience as a prisoner in a concentration camp during the Holocaust. He presents this story in the form of an essay in which he shares his arguments and analysis as a doctor and psychologist as well as a former prisoner. This paper will review Frankl’s story as well as his main arguments, and will evaluate the quality of Frankl’s writing and focus on any areas of weakness within the story. Summary This section contains a summary of Man's Search. Frankl begins his book by stating that his purpose in writing the book is not to present facts and details of the Holocaust, but to provide a personal account of the everyday life of a prisoner living in a concentration camp. He states, “This tale is not concerned with the great horrors, which have already been described often enough (though less often believed), but…it will try to answer this question: How was everyday life in a concentration camp reflected in the mind of the average prisoner?” (21). Frankl then goes on to describe the three stages of a prisoner’s psychological reactions to being held captive in a concentration camp. The first phase, which occurs just after the prisoner is admitted to the camp, is shock. The second phase, occurring once the prisoner has fallen into a routine within the camp, is one of apathy, or “the blunting...
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...The concept state has been explained or received numerous definitions based on the understanding of some political scholars as well as the definition giving to it by any other academic discipline base on how they understand it. Their definitions seek to distinguish the concept state from nation and how it elaborate on its similarities and differences. According to Max Weber, a state is the organisation that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory. Also, Dr. Bossman defines the state as a clearly defined area with its own government that exercises authority over its population. Moreover Patrick O’Neil, explains a state as an institution that seek to yield the majority of force within a territory, establishing order and deterring challenges from inside and out. Generally, a state may be defined as a geographically well-defined area with a boundary, territory and a government with power to exercise authority over its members called citizens. On the other hand, the word nation is defined from the Latin word natus which means birth. The word nation can also mean a group that a person is born into and have linkage [ethnos] or ethnicity. According to Thomas Magstadt and Peter Scihotten, the term nation refers to people who share a common value including any or all of following; geographical location, history, racial and ethnic characteristics, religion, language, culture and beliefs and common political ideas. According to Ernest Baker, a nation is a body...
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