Blakemore, J. E. O. (2003). Children's beliefs about violating gender norms: Boys shouldn't look like girls, and girls shouldn't act like boys. Sex roles, 48(9-10), 411-419. Blakemore’s article examines children’s views about violating gender norms as compared to social norms. The understanding of this concept increased with age. The author concluded that generally boys with feminine characteristics were judged more negatively than girls with masculine characteristics. This source is useful in researching how children perform gender and how society enforces the heteronormative ideal.
Gagen, E. A. (2000). Performing gender in America’s playgrounds. Children’s geographies: playing, living, learning, 213-229. Gagen’s book focuses on how the playground is a learning environment for performing gender. The author explores the performative nature of gender identity in all ages, and found it is most abundant in children. The placement of a certain gender is not inevitable, but closely managed by authoritative figures. This is a useful source because it explores how the playground teaches children how to perform their predetermined gender by socializing with other children. …show more content…
(2009). Toward an LGBT-informed paradigm for children who break gender norms: Comment on Drummond et al. (2008) and Rieger et al. (2008). Hegarty comments on an article by Drummond et al. which explored the idea that childhood gender identity could predict adult sexual identity. Hegarty argues that children’s response to pressure to conform gender norms affect the identity process. This comment is useful because the pressure of heteronormative gender norms on children could later result in identity