...18. Explain what polysaccharides are and provide an example of a polysaccharide. (max. 2 marks) Polysaccharides are classified as complex carbohydrates and are long chains of glucose molecules bonded together. 19. Describe 3 potential health benefits of fibre consumption. (max. 3 marks) Fiber moistens our stools which prevents constipation, hemorrhoids, and also lowers the risk of diverticulosis. It slows the retention of cholesterol in the bloodstream and therefore lowers the risk of heart disease. Another benefit is that it may reduce weight as eating foods with high fiber cause fullness and refrain from fatty foods. 20. State 3 hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. Briefly explain how each work to regulate blood glucose levels....
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...food, I will write followings: 1. Barley. It supplies protein, copper, iron, fiber, magnesium, manganese, selenium and zinc. Proteins serve as enzymatic are used as transport molecules and storage molecules. Copper is involved as an antioxidant. Iron is transportation of oxygen. Fiber causes the body to absorb sugar from the foods that you eat more slowly. Magnesium strengthens bone. Manganese works in antioxidant systems. Selenium is part of antioxidant system and zinc is important for immunity. 2. Berries. It supplies Vitamin C, folate, manganese, potassium, fiber. Vitamin C connects tissue synthesis. Folate is DNA symthesis. Potassium is nerve transmission. Many berries like blueberries and strawberries, they help protect diseases like hart diseases , diabetes and so on. 3. Spinach. It supplies Vitamin A, Vitamin E, folate, calcium, copper, magnesium, potassium , zinc and fiber. Vitamin A promotes vision. Spinaches are good for eyesight. Vitamin E promotes health skin, after eating spinach you will find your look become better. Calcium is structure of bones and teeth....
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...fruit of the orange tree. It is made by squeezing the fresh orange. Some commercial orange juice with a long shelf life are made by drying and later re-hydrating the juice, or by concentrating the juice and later adding water to the concentrate. Others are made by pasteurizing the juice and removing oxygen from it, necessitating the later addition of a flavor pack, generally made from orange products. It is known for its health benefits, particularly its high concentration of vitamin C. It comes in several different varieties, including blood orange. Orange juice is made from unfermented fresh oranges and provides many benefits for the body. Fresh orange juice is the richest source of vitamin C and fulfills an entire day’s worth of vitamin C in just one serving. Chock full of useful minerals like potassium and magnesium, orange juice is also very low in fat and contains no cholesterol whatsoever. NUTRITION A cup serving of raw, fresh orange juice, amounting to 248 grams or 8 ounces, has 124 mg of vitamin C. It has 20.8 g of sugars and has 112 Calories. It also supplies potassium, thiamin, and folate. Citrus...
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...myocardial infarction (MI) and a heart catheterization revealing 3-vessel disease: in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, a proximal 60% lesion; in the right coronary artery (RCA), proximal 100% occlusion with thrombus; and a circumflex with 40% to 60% diffuse ectatic lesions. A stent was deployed to the RCA and reduced the lesion to 0% residual stenosis. He has had no need for nitroglycerin (NTG). Six weeks after his MI and stent deployment, he had a fasting advanced lipid profile. The results were total cholesterol 188 mg/dl, HDL 34 mg/dl, triglycerides 176 mg/dl, LDL 98 mg/dl, pattern B LDL typing at 19 nm, homocysteine 18 mg/dl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS CRP) 12 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose (FBG) 101 mg/dl, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.04 mg/dl. Total Cholesterol 60 34 Triglycerides 45-155 176 LDL 5% and greater than placebo) of niacin are flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased cough, and pruritus. Flushing (warmth, redness, itching, and/or tingling of the skin) may vary in severity and is more likely to occur with initiation of therapy or during dose increases. Advise patients of the symptoms of flushing and how they differ from the symptoms of an MI. The most common side effects of the statins are gastrointestinal -- nausea, gas, upset stomach. Less common are headache, dizziness, rash, and sleep disturbances. 8. Elevated homocysteine can be a factor in what type of vascular complication? Persons with coronary...
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...Vol 159, No. 12> Advertisement Email Share Get Permissions Get Citation Figures Slideset (.ppt) PDF Reviews | 17 December 2013 Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force FREE Stephen P. Fortmann, MD; Brittany U. Burda, MPH; Caitlyn A. Senger, MPH; Jennifer S. Lin, MD, MCR; and Evelyn P. Whitlock, MD, MPH [+] Article and Author Information See Also: Published Letter: Padayatty et al Published Letter: Dror et al Published Letter: Hemilä Published Letter: Bolland et al Published Letter: Fortmann et al Oral High-Dose Multivitamins and Minerals After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Trial Long-Term Multivitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Function in Men: A Randomized Trial Enough Is Enough: Stop Wasting Money on Vitamin and Mineral Supplements Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):824-834. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-20131217000729 Text Size: A Related Articles Filter By Topic > Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(8):558-564. Routine Vitamin Supplementation To Prevent Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Recommendations and Rationale Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(1):51-55. CME [+] View More A A This article was published online first at www.annals.org...
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...Nutrition Concepts and Controversies Introduction Nutrition can be defined as the process of absorbing nutrients from food and processing them in the body for growth, replacement of tissues, and maintenance of good health. Historically, women have been responsible for cooking and providing meals for their families. Often, that food was grown in the family garden or local community. The women may not have had much formal education, but they seemed to know, almost instinctively, what was good for their families. Life was less complex earlier in time, and fewer food choices existed. The evolution of technology and modern farming techniques has caused a great deal of change in the quality of our food. Water, soil, and air pollution are depleting our soil of vitamins essential for good health, and an increase in the amounts of food additives, chemicals, sugar, and unhealthy fats in our foods has contributed to the increase in chronic diseases present in society. Therefore, it is critical that people learn as much as they can about their nutritional needs and the connection between their diet and their health. This paper will review of basic nutrition. This paper discussed nutrients in foods and nutrients diet constituents. Further, it will cover Nutrients and the Human Genome along with emphasis on diseases associated with poor nutrition. In last, the paper will address Nutritional Challenges within Families. There are many good introductory nutrition...
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...used as an ingredient for our food recipe to bring taste, is not only considered as a vegetable but also as an herb with medicinal qualities that helps to benefit our health fighting & to prevent many health disorders. It can fight against our health disorders and boost the body immunity. When we can avoid falling ill using Parsley, it is better to use it and prevent the illness. Listed here are top 10 benefits of Parsley for our health. 1. Breast Cancer Parsley reduces the risk of having breast cancer. It has a protective benefit in the form of apigenin, a chemical compound that inhibits cell growths preventing breast cancer. It can also be termed as super food. Any women who is...
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...Waffle A waffle is a leavened batter or dough cooked between two plates, patterned to give a characteristic size, shape and surface impression. Etymology The word “waffle” first appears in the English language in 1725: "Waffles. Take flower, cream..."[2] It is directly derived from the Dutch wafel, which itself derives from the Middle Dutch wafele.[3] While the Middle Dutch wafele is first attested to at the end of the 13th century, it is preceded by the French walfre in 1185; both are considered to share the same Frankish etymological rootwafla.[4] Depending on the context of the use of wafla, it either means honeycomb or cake. History Medieval origins Waffles are preceded, in the early Middle Ages, around the period of the 9th–10th centuries, with the simultaneous emergence of fer à hosties /hostieijzers (communion wafer irons) and moule à oublies (wafer irons).[7][8] While the communion wafer irons typically depicted imagery of Jesus and his crucifixion, the moule à oublies featured more trivial Biblical scenes or simple, emblematic designs.[7] The format of the iron itself was almost always round and considerably larger than those used for communion.[9][10] The oublie was, in its basic form, composed only of grain flour and water – just as was the communion wafer.[11] It took until the 11th century, as a product of The Crusades bringing new culinary ingredients to Western Europe, for flavorings such as orange blossom water to be added to the oublies; however, locally-sourced...
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...adults; once growth has stopped, adults need to maintain their weight, but should try to avoid putting on extra weight. High-fat foods should be kept to a minimum, as they raise cholesterol. Being overweight can also increase the chances of developing arthritis, diabetes and cancer. To reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure, salt should be limited to a certain amount per day. High-sugar foods should be a treat rather than a regular part of the diet. Ideally, alcohol consumption should be limited as well less amounts per day for women than men. On the other hand pregnant women, extra folic acid should be taken during their first three months of pregnancy, as this is recommended to prevent spina bifida. During the first three months of pregnancy a women needs about an extra 200 calories a day. While-breast-feeding, she will need an extra 500 calories. Extra calcium should be eaten as the developing baby will take what it needs, leaving the mother deficient. This is why women often have to have more dental treatment during pregnancy and for the first year after having a baby, whereas adults don’t need these special treatments. An unborn child needs a healthy and well-nourished mother to grow properly. Therefore, a mother needs to gain weight during pregnancy to help nourish her growing baby. Women who do not gain enough weight often have babies that weigh too little (low birth weight). A baby weighing less than 2.5 kg has an increased chance of both physical and mental...
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...from one another what might work for one may not work well for the other. There may be extenuating circumstances or conditions that person may have that would prevent them from may cause ri A dietary supplement is a food or nutritional addendum that was destined to improve the health of people that did not receive the necessary nutrients for the body to stay healthy. Dietary supplements come in capsule, pills, liquid, and powder form. The body requires certain nutrients on a daily bases because some nutrients do not stay in the body long, thus dietary supplements are used. People use some supplements that come in the pills, liquid, powder, and capsule forms and labeled as such. People use Dietary supplements to help or add to their diets and provide the necessary nutrients that may be missing or lacking in their diets. Many different types of dietary supplement like your vitamins and minerals have major nutrients to help the body to stay on course. There are herbal supplements that have medicinal purposes to help certain areas of the body such as the liver, bone, and or the skin. Taking dietary supplements adds to the nutrients that we lack or that dispels on a daily basis. Taking dietary supplements is beneficial in proper metabolism, aids in tissue repair, and some in the prevention of some disease like cancer. After we have eaten, our bodies commence to break...
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...Drawbacks of a vegan diet include: probable conflict with “existing medical conditions”, losing necessary vitamins and minerals, and finding vegan choices in restaurant menus (“9 Pros”). For instance, because vegan diets are only plant-based, they are still missing some essential nutrients. The following nutrients are not typically found in vegan diets: Vitamin B12, Omega-3, and Vitamin D (“Eating”). An important nutrient that cannot always be found in plants is Vitamin B-12. It helps maintain nerves, blood cells, and it also helps create DNA. Lack of vitamin B12 can cause drowsiness, weakness, constipation, appetite loss, unhealthy weight loss, and depression (“Switching”). Foods enriched with B12 such as plant milks, few soy products, limited amount of breakfast cereals, and B12 supplements are the only dependable sources of Vitamin B12 (“What Every”). Another necessary nutrient that the vegan diet lacks is non-heme iron. In animal foods, heme generates about 40% iron (“Switching”). One might need to take iron supplements in order to avoid an iron deficiency. Foods with a good source of iron include: legumes, sunflower seeds, raisins, and “dark, leafy greens” (“Switching”). One can boost their iron intake by eating foods with Vitamin C. Red peppers, citrus fruits, broccoli, and other Vitamin C-filled foods can help with iron consumption (“Switching”). There are many plant-based foods that...
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...through weekly challenges like a common game show of today. After viewing all five episodes in Games cape, the three elements of health and wellness we would want to increase in society are: rewards of physical fitness, nutrition and health management; preventing and treating chronic diseases; and infectious diseases and environmental effects on health. Nutrition and fitness play an intricate part in our overall health management. It is wise to develop and incorporate some type of physical activity in our daily routine for at least 30 minutes. Physical activity can include a light jog, walk, or a gym regiment that fits the needs of the goals a person has set. However, prior to beginning a workout routine you must look into the physical demands and not start to extreme if you had never worked out before. Begin at a slow to moderate pace and work yourself up to more intense levels as the weeks go by and remember to warm up and cool down. Along with physical activity a person should eat foods that are healthier. Eating healthy is a way of life for some people. Some people chose to become vegetarians where they exclude any meat from their diet, but may supplement their protein intake with vitamins or other protein sources. Most people who believe in...
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...Vitamin Supplements and improved Health Vita means "life" in Latin, and vitamins are essential for life. The World Health Organization calls them the "magic wands" used by the body to synthesize enzymes, hormones and other chemical necessities. Unable to create vitamins from scratch, the body must fetch them from outside sources typically food. Humans need 13 vitamins to survive. Vitamins, also called "micronutrients" because they are required in minute quantities, can be grouped in two categories. There are those that dissolve in fat—A, D, E and K—and can accumulate in the body when consumed in excess. And there are those that are water soluble—C and B—which are easily excreted, as anyone who takes large quantities of vitamin C and riboflavin (B2) can testify. (Their urine is bright yellow or orange.) The best way to get vitamins is through food, not vitamin pills, according to Susan Taylor Mayne, a professor at the Yale School of Public Health's Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology. A major problem with supplements is that they deliver vitamins out of context, she says. The vitamins found in fruit, vegetables and other foods come with thousands of other phytochemicals, or plant nutrients that are not essential for life but may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and other chronic ailments. Carotenoids in carrots and tomatoes, isothiocyanates in broccoli and cabbage, and flavonoids in soy, cocoa and red wine are just a few examples. The...
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...Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins April Gough University of Phoenix Nutrition SCI/241 Mary L. Martin November 7, 2014 Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins don't provide energy, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, but they are essential compounds that help the body grow and function optimally. Thirteen essential vitamins help boost your immunity, strengthen your bones, heal wounds, bolster your eyesight and assist you in obtaining energy from food -- among multiple other functions. Without adequate vitamin intake, you may feel lethargic, be vulnerable to infection and develop other serious complications that can endanger your health and life. Each of the 13 vitamins has a specific function, but they also work together to facilitate optimal health. Vitamin A supports healthy eyesight, immune function, skin, bones and teeth. You need vitamin C to support absorption of the mineral iron and also to provide immune protection and encourage healthy tissue development. Vitamin D, along with the mineral calcium, boosts bone health as well as a solid body defense system. Vitamin E facilitates your body's use of vitamin K, which helps in blood clotting and bone health, as well as promotes the formation of essential red blood cells. The eight B vitamins support a healthy metabolism, brain function, hormone production, regular heart operations, functioning of the central nervous system and cell duties. Some are soluble in fat and some in water. Vitamins that are fat soluble are...
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...fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes; a moderate consumption of fish, shellfish, poultry, eggs, dairy and olive oil; and a very limited consumption of red meat, processed foods, sugary foods and saturated fats. Adequate consumption of water is necessary and wine can be consumed in moderation (Del Chierico, Vernocchi, Dallapiccola, Putignani). In recent years there has been significant scientific evidence suggesting that closely following the Mediterranean diet provides adequate nutrient intake and can help decrease the risk of non-communicable, chronic disease for which multiple factors including diet and lifestyle can be attributed (Egger). In order to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, some cancers, increase overall well-being, and reduce the monetary burden of these chronic diseases, Americans should consider adopting the Mediterranean diet. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, with an estimated 610,000 people dying because of it each year. Poor diet and obesity are two of the leading risk factors associated with this disease (“Heart Disease Facts”). Because cardiovascular disease is considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, there has been great interest in the anti-inflammatory effects associated with the Mediterranean diet (Sofi, Abbate, Gensini, Casini). Olive oil, which is high in oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, is the main source of fat intake on the Mediterranean...
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