...Jennifer Bauman Teaching Plan NUR 232 Nursing Diagnosis Knowledge deficit regarding Warfarin R/T unfamiliarity with medication. Planning Learning objectives/Goals 1. On completion of the learning session, the client will verbalize what foods should be avoided or eaten in moderation while taking Warfarin. 2. On completion of the learning session, the client will be able to verbalize adverse signs and symptoms to look for when taking Warfarin. 3. On completion of the learning session, the client will be able to verbalize the importance of compliance and the need for regular monitoring. (Managing OAT: p.584) Content Outline 1. Identify foods to eat in moderation while on Warfarin. 2. Discuss the importance of compliance while taking Warfarin and adverse effects that can occur from taking Warfarin. 3. Identify adverse signs and symptoms that can occur while on Warfarin. Teaching Content The client will be taught that any major change in their diet could affect how the body responds to the medication (Q&A). Foods that are rich in Vitamin K should be eaten in moderation and if there should be an increase in the consumption of Vitamin K over a week, the client should have another INR test. Foods that are rich in Vitamin K include green leafy vegetables, chick peas, liver, egg yolks, cereals containing wheat bran and oats, mature cheese, blue cheese, avocado, and olive oil (Q&A). The client will be taught that compliance while on Warfarin is very important...
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...A History of Anticoagulation Marjorie Burnsworth Tacoma Community College July 24, 2014 Abstract This paper explores the history of the chemical research and development of anticoagulant medications over the years and how this has lead to the development of direct factor Xa inhibitors (fXa inhibitors). Since ancient doctors first used leeches to treat their patients, people have been aware of the properties of anticoagulants and anti-thrombolytics, but the development of Heparin almost 100 years ago signified the start of a century of chemical discovery and development in the field of anticoagulation that has peaked in the last 25 years. Following the development of Heparin, scientists next developed Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA's), such as Coumadin, which gave an oral option for anticoagulation but they were not without side effects. Nearly 30 years passed before chemists came up with the next step forward in anticoagulation, low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH). It was LMWH that first opened scientists eyes to factor Xa and the possibility of considering it as a possible target for future anticoagulation. In order to proceed with development, however, they had to look back to the past. Back to leeches and heparin, as these would prove hold the keys to the future development of direct factor Xa inhibitors. The Long Road to Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors: A History of Anticoagulation The concept of anticoagulants, or "blood-thinners"...
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...bleeding. Some common examples include bleeding from gums when brushing teeth, heavier than normal menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods, blood found in urine. The risk for bleeding increases with patients over the age of 65 and in patients with hypertension, serious heart disease, renal disease, cocomitant drugs, and with a long duration of warfarin therapy. The FDA has issued a black box warning on warfarin because of the chance it could lead to severe or even fatal bleeding. The black box also recommends regular monitoring of INR. Another common side effect also called Coumadin-Induced skin necrosis (CISN) is the condition in which the subcutaneous tissue dies (necrosis) because of a protein C deficiency associated with anti-vitamin K anticoagulants. This is a fairly rare side effect but can be very serious. It is associated with large loading doses and is most commonly found in obese women. The first signs are redness and pain and would typically occur between three to ten days after starting the drug. The common sites for necrosis are areas with subcutaneous fat like breasts, thighs, and buttox. The pain and redness may form into large bloody bullae and a slow healing eschar...
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...don’t have the correct diet needed K: that’s fine just sit down and I will explain everything about a balanced diet , firstly a balanced diet is having all the right amounts of food from the food groups Do you know the food groups ? J : yeh but I don’t really know the benfits of having them . K: that’s okay , the benefits of having carbohydrates is that is provides energy , prevents, controls your weight , carbs are whole grains , some sugars and starch and fibre , you should have 33( in your meal . J: oh so carbohydrates are good what food will I get carbs from ? K: bread , pasta , limited amount of sugars , cereal , flour , potatoes if oyu decide to eat the naughty foods like fizzy drinks , dougnuts these are the ones which don’t have good carbs ,if you don’t have enough carbs your energy will be very low s carbs keep you fuller for longer which means no snacking . J: that information is helping , whats vitamins ?. K: vitamins is in fruit and veg , the vitamins are vitamin K, vitamin A and vitamin C. J: what are the benefits of having vitamins ? K: the benefits of having vitamin C is that it maintains healthy gums , vitamin K is essential for blood clotting while vitamin A maintains healthy skin , we get our vitamin C from citrus fruit like lemons , we get vitamin K from our leafy green vegetables while we get vitamin A from spinach. J: oh I dint realise that we got all those vitamins from our fruit and veg K: dairy products supply calcium and...
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...Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins SCI/241 By: Rebecca Travis A vitamin is“…any of a group of organic substances other than proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and organic salts which are essential for normal metabolism, growth, and development of the body. Vitamins are not sources of energy, nor do they contribute significantly to the substance of the body. They are indispensable for the maintenance of health. They are effective in minute quantities. They act principally as regulators of metabolic processes…” (Taber, 1993, pg. 2141). There are two broad classifications of vitamins. The first, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), must dissolve in fat (or lipids) before they can enter the bloodstream. These vitamins are stored in the liver and fat cells to be released as needed. Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, excess amounts can build up over time causing serious toxic reactions. Toxicity rarely occurs from eating foods containing vitamins A, D, E, and K, but rather occurs from taking too many vitamin supplements. Vitamins are primarily classified by solubility. Some vitamins are soluble in water and others are soluble in fat. “According to The National Institute of Health, the body needs 13 vitamins for normal health.” This includes vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12 and folate. Each of these vitamins provides a variety of functions to the body which can be obtained...
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...Soluble Vitamins SCI/241 9/15/2013 (Overview) Vitamins are essential nutrients that are found in foods, and the requirements are small but they perform specific in addition to vital functions essential for maintaining health. The materials in which they will dissolve classify the two vitamin types: water-soluble (B-complex and C) and fat-soluble (A, D, E and K). Vitamins are important to include in your daily nutrient intake because they do several things for the body. Scientists continue to discover important links between vitamins as well as the risk of developing illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and high blood pressure. The vitamin classifications are a Fat- Soluble vitamin which is vitamin A, D, E, and K which dissolve in fat. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues and cannot be excreted from the body in urine. Fat- Soluble vitamins are not necessary for us to take every day. But we all do need to take them, because they perform important functions in the body like blood clotting and the absorbency of calcium. They are also important because your body does not have the ability to produce them on its own, they must be obtained from the foods we consume. In order to make sure you don’t get too much of these vitamins you should make sure you are eating the right foods to maintain a healthy diet. The other vitamin classification is Water-Soluble Vitamins which is your B1- thiamin, B2, C, Folic Acid and Niacin. Water Soluble Vitamins is found...
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...Fat-and-Water Soluble Vitamins Fat-and-Water Soluble Vitamins Why are vitamins an important part of daily nutrient intake? * Vitamins are a necessary component of a healthy diet. They are considered essential nutrients because our bodies either do not make them, or do not make enough of them. * They are essential for normal body functions like cell growth, blood cell production, hormone and enzyme synthesis, energy metabolism, and proper functioning of body systems, including the immune system, nervous system, circulatory system, and reproductive system. * Since no single food contains all the vitamins you need, you must obtain them through a variety of foods. * What are fat-soluble vitamins? * An organic substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth, health and survival, they are required only in trace quantities because they are not consumed in the reactions. * They are soluble in and absorbed from the intestine in fat, include vitamins A, D, E and K, (The Free Dictionary by Farlex, 2012). * What are high nutrient sources of fat-soluble vitamins? * Carotenoid, eggs, peaches, peas, sweet red peppers, papaya, mango, beef and chicken liver, A * The sun, cod liver oil, salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines, beef liver, eggs, D * Wheat germ, nuts, seeds, green leafy vegetables, kiwi, mango, and tomatoes, E * Intestinal bacteria, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, canola oil, K * What are the functions...
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...and Water-Soluble Vitamins In this paper I will be identifying the types of vitamin classification such as fat-soluble and water-soluble. There are certain vitamins in each group vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble and vitamin B and C are water-soluble. Within these to groups there are types of foods high in nutrient that you want to obtain to get or keep a healthy body. There is also harm that can be caused if to much fat-soluble or water-Soluble vitamins are taken. You also want to make sure that you are not deficient in meeting the necessary vitamins your body needs to be healthy. It is very important to get the right kind of vitamins in the right dosage to keep your body safe and healthy. Vitamins are classified into two groups fat soluble or water soluble. The vitamins in the fat-soluble group are vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K. Vitamins that are water soluble are vitamin B and C. These two types of vitamin groups are very different because of how the vitamins act inside are bodies. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorb into the fat globules and then travel through the lymphatic system in are small intestines and then goes into are blood circulation in the body. Then vitamin A and E get stored in are blood tissue and stays there. So if you intake to much of a fat-soluble vitamin you can have to much vitamins building up and staying in the body which can be harmful and cause problems like hypervitaminosis which literally means to much vitamins in the body. ...
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...Mouth * Pharynx * Oesophagus * Stomach * Small intestine * Large intestine 1.2 – Explain the functions of the features identify in activity 1.1? * Mouth: Food begins its journey through digestive system in the mouth; inside the mouth are many organs that aid in the digestion of food –the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are moistened by saliva before the tongue and other muscles push the food into the pharynx. * Pharynx: the throat; a tube that starts at the internal nares and runs partway down the neck where it opens into the oesophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. It functions as a passage way for both the digestive and respiratory systems. The pharynx receives the food after being swallowed and pushes it to the oesophagus. * Oesophagus: The hollow muscular tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach. The oesophagus contracts to produce wavelike motions, it receives food from the mouth when you swallow by means of a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis, the oesophagus delivers food to the stomach At the inferior end of the oesophagus is a muscular ring called the lower oesophageal sphincter .The function of this sphincter is to close of the end of the oesophagus and trap food in the stomach. * Stomach: The J shaped enlargement of the...
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...and Water Soluble Vitamins May 5, 2013 Cris Samuels University of Phoenix Faculty: Brian Oddi Vitamin Classification Vitamins are important to your diet. Without vitamins, a person will become vitamin deficient and not function properly. Vitamin deficiency disease in the United States is rare but we still need to make sure we get enough of our vitamins so that our bodies do not develop a chronic disease later in life. There are two types of vitamins; water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins simply mean that it has the ability to dissolve in water and fat-soluble dissolves in fat. After vitamins have been dissolved in water or fat, the body can then absorb, transport, and use the vitamins. The following is a list of vitamins relative to their classification. Water-Soluble * B Vitamins- Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6 Fat-Soluble * Vitamin A * Vitamin D * Vitamin E * Vitamin K Vitamins Are Important to Daily Diet Vitamins are very important to our daily nutrient intake. The carbohydrates, fat, and protein that we eat is what contain the energy our body needs to function. Our body uses energy in the form of ATP. Vitamins are important in converting the energy we eat in carbohydrates, fat, and protein into ATP. More precisely, the B vitamins of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin are the vitamins used to convert the energy. All of the vitamins are essential to...
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...Fat and water Soluble Vitamins LaShonda Alexis SCI/241 September 07, 2013 Summer Groff Fat and water Soluble Vitamins Vitamins are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds essential for the growth and maintenance of animal life. The majority of vitamins are not synthesized by the animal body or at a rate sufficient to meet the animal needs. They are distinct from the major food nutrients (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) in that they are not chemically related to one another, are present in very small quantities within animal and plant foodstuffs, and are required by the animal body in trace amounts(Taber, 1993, pg. 2141). Vitamins are a necessary component of a healthy diet. They are considered essential nutrients because our bodies either do not make them, or do not make enough of them. Your body uses vitamins for a variety of biological processes, including growth, digestion, and nerve function. There are 13 vitamins that the body absolutely needs: vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate). AAFP cites two categories of vitamins. They are essential for normal body functions like cell growth, blood cell production, hormone and enzyme synthesis, energy metabolism, and proper functioning of body systems, including the immune system, nervous system, circulatory system, and reproductive system. Fat- Soluble vitamin which is vitamin A, D, E, and K. Fat- Soluble is not...
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...Vitamins are components that are organic in the foods we eat in small amounts that are needed to help promote and regulate our bodies so that we can grow, reproduce, and maintain our health. The body only requires just a tiny amount of vitamins. If our bodies do not have enough on vitamins then we suffer from deficiency which can be harmful to the body, but once we fuel our bodies with the right amount of vitamins that it needs, the symptoms are resolved. Vitamins has be appointed to two different groups depending on how the vitamins are being stored within the human body. The two categories in which the vitamins are assigned to are fat or water depending on the solubility. If the vitamins can break down in fat then the vitamins will be fat-soluble and if they can dissolve in water then the vitamins are water soluble. “This chemical characteristic allows generalizations to be made about how the vitamins are absorbed, transported, excreted, and stored in the body.” (Wiley, 2012). When the vitamins are able to dissolve in either water or fat then they are able to be transported within the body and put to use in the body. Vitamins are alphabetically named by which order they were first identified. Water soluble vitamins consist of the B vitamins as well as the Vitamin C and the fat soluble vitamins consist of A, D, E, and K vitamins. If we eat a healthy well balanced diet we will normally get all the vitamins we need because just about all the foods we eat contain vitamins, but if...
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...Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins April Gough University of Phoenix Nutrition SCI/241 Mary L. Martin November 7, 2014 Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins don't provide energy, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, but they are essential compounds that help the body grow and function optimally. Thirteen essential vitamins help boost your immunity, strengthen your bones, heal wounds, bolster your eyesight and assist you in obtaining energy from food -- among multiple other functions. Without adequate vitamin intake, you may feel lethargic, be vulnerable to infection and develop other serious complications that can endanger your health and life. Each of the 13 vitamins has a specific function, but they also work together to facilitate optimal health. Vitamin A supports healthy eyesight, immune function, skin, bones and teeth. You need vitamin C to support absorption of the mineral iron and also to provide immune protection and encourage healthy tissue development. Vitamin D, along with the mineral calcium, boosts bone health as well as a solid body defense system. Vitamin E facilitates your body's use of vitamin K, which helps in blood clotting and bone health, as well as promotes the formation of essential red blood cells. The eight B vitamins support a healthy metabolism, brain function, hormone production, regular heart operations, functioning of the central nervous system and cell duties. Some are soluble in fat and some in water. Vitamins that are fat soluble are...
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...classifications of vitamins which are fat soluble and water soluble. The fat soluble is found in several different vitamins like A and E. These vitamins are can be found in fatty tissues and even the liver. They are vitamins that are not able to liquefy in water however; they are able to dissolve through a person’s fat tissues. The ability to store these vitamins does allow an individual to not have to take them on a daily basis. However, it is important to remember that taking to many vitamins can lead to build up which can create medical problems. Vitamins like C and B are considered your water soluble that unlike fat soluble cannot be stored in the body. These sources of vitamins require that we have a daily intake because of the fact that our bodies are unable to store them. The lack of buildup does decrease the chances of water soluble vitamins creating medical problems unless too much is consumed and the body is not able to get rid of them by flushing it out of our systems. (Bland, J. 1996) Vitamins intake plays a very important role for our bodies. Generally people take vitamins in helping their body receive the right nutrients that we require. When a healthy diet is not consumed an individual is unable to get the vitamins they need. Vitamins in small amounts are essential nutrients that the body requires for several different reasons in the human body. For example, vitamins help with the growth of an individual’s cell, hormone, metabolism and even the immune system. Vitamins are also...
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...Vitamin Report Shaneka Matthews SCI 241 7/22/2012 Denise Bolding, M.S. Vitamin Report Vitamins are in almost everything consumed everyday. Some foods and drinks may have more vitamins than the next. If a person wants to stay healthy then the best thing would be to choose things that have a high amount of vitamins. There are water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins and both have some positives and some negatives. Not getting enough of a certain vitamin can also cause harm to the body. The body needs 13 different vitamins to stay healthy. All of these 13 vitamins are classified. Vitamin classification is how vitamins are classified depending on their solubility. There are some that is soluble in fat and there are some that are soluble in water. Fat-soluble vitamins are the ones that are stored in the fat and water-soluble are the ones that are flushed put by the kidneys. With these vitamins, it can help a person maintain a healthy immune system; good vision, help build and maintain strong bones and are also good for the hair and skin. Fat-soluble vitamins are good for certain things and water-soluble are good for the others. Fat-soluble vitamins would be vitamin A, D, E and K. These vitamins would be stored in the liver cells and fat in the body. There are plenty of foods that are a good source for each of these vitamins. Carrots, sweet potato, collared greens and kales are a good source of vitamin A. Vitamin D can get to the body through sunlight along...
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