...RAEBURN: Now, I'm betting you have a real reason, besides the fact that we can barely understand what he says sometimes, for saying that he's - wouldn't be very good at GPS. But before you answer that, let me just remind people I'm Paul Raeburn. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News. All right… Dr. NASS: Okay… RAEBURN: …so why would Dylan be a bad idea? Dr. NASS: The problem is that our brains are built that when we hear a voice, we associate with that voice - especially if it's a person's voice we know - all the characteristics and benefits and negatives associated with that voice. Now when it comes to navigation, we want someone who's known as being very precise, who's careful, who is alert and attentive to detail, and that's certainly not the image that Bob Dylan portrays. So generally, in fact, the idea of using famous people - unless those people are famous for exactly the things we would want in a GPS. So, if anyone knew what Hiawatha's voice sounded like… (Soundbite of laughter) Dr. NASS: …that would be a great voice for a GPS. But Bob Dylan is best served in other ways. RAEBURN: Now, tell us just a little bit more about - just briefly tick off a few of the other things you've done in machine-human communications. Then, we can talk about one or two. Dr. NASS: Well, we have a lot of recent work in the car space, having to do, for example, showing that the voice in the car as being about Bob Dylan. But for happy drivers, they drive much better with the happy voice...
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...Whispering- requires the vocal folds to come together but not completely so there is a space between the arytenoid cartilages (432) Attack: The beginning of phonation by the bringing together (adduction) of the vocal folds (165) 1.Simultaneous Vocal Attacks- When the adduction of the vocal folds and the use of air from the respiratory system happen at the same time. (165) 2. Breathy Vocal Attack- When the use of air from the respiratory system happens before the adduction of the vocal folds (165) 3. Glottal Attack- When the vocal fold adduct before the air can be released from the vocal folds (165) Termination of phonation- Happens when the vocal folds abduct and the flow of air is stopped (147) Sustaining Phonation- Happens when the vocal folds say adducted allowing the air to flow through (168)...
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...usually characterized by straight tone leading into vibrato at the most pleasing moment in the harmonic progression to release the built tension. Tip One: Tilt the Cricoid Cartilage The larynx is composed of two main pieces of cartilage: the Adams apple (thyroid cartilage) and a band of cartilage which forms the top of the trachea and the base of the larynx – the cricoid cartilage. By activating what’s called a cricoid tilt, we can adjust the position of the cricoid to shorten the vocal folds. So how to get this working: There are two lumps on your larynx. The top lump is your thyroid cartilage and the bottom lump is your cricoid cartilage. For boys, the top lump will usually be much larger than the bottom. Girls may find this more difficult, and the cricoid cartilage may actually be bigger than the thyroid. Keep a finger on the cricoid cartilage, and make a high-pitched ‘yay’ sound like a kid’s TV presenter. You should feel the whole body of the larynx move upwards and the cricoid cartilage fold inwards into your neck. You’ll feel that this produces a high-pitched, almost cartoonish sound – try a few more yay’s, putting in some more power and going higher. Try some lines...
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...1. In the vocal track of your multi-track recording, all the “P” syllables are very loud and sort of ‘explosive’. What causes this and how can it be eliminated? (2 marks) When pronouncing certain syllables, specifically “P” and “B”, a strong blast of air travelling downward and forward from the mouth creates a massive pressure change, which takes a while to subside. If this were to hit a microphone set to a cardioid or hypercardioid polar pattern in which the diaphragm is inherently relatively slack, the diaphragm can ‘bottom out’ and hit the backplate insulator. Once this mechanical clipping has taken place, it can take the diaphragm a surprisingly long time to recover properly. Some amplitude modulation may also occur where the wanted higher...
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...The larynx is a cartilaginous organ located at the front of the neck (top of the neck) from the bottom of the lobe bone - The man's throat is more prominent in the neck than the lady's throat The larynx is a key organ in the respiratory system and acts as a safety valve to prevent the leakage of food or drink during swallowing to the respiratory canal. In addition, it is a basic organ in the speech system where the vocal cords are constricted as air passes through the lungs during exhalation. Anatomical description of the larynx: The larynx consists of several individual cartilages: thyroid cartilage, ring cartilage, and three cartilage cartilage : corneal cartilage, oesophageal cartilage, and cartilage cartilage. These cartilage are related to several ligaments (lining the inside of a mucous membrane) and muscles, and they work to close or distance vocal cords during inhalation or exhalation, as well as during swallowing or speech. At the entrance of the...
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...The larynx is the organ of speech, commonly known as the voice box. Situated between the trachea and the tongue, it is composed of little more than cartilage, ligaments, and muscle. For an organ so plain, it can be paralyzingly difficult to learn to use, especially for a terminally shy child. On my first day of kindergarten, I sobbed uncontrollably, terrified of leaving behind the comfort of my parents; the mere presence of a stranger was enough to make my heart flutter with anxiety. I felt far more content sitting at home with my stuffed animals for company than at a party of other children. Fortunately, I acquired my first library card at age five, and from that moment on I began to treasure the value of written words above almost all else. The library became my second home. For someone as quiet as me, reading meant exploring new worlds from the comfort of my bedroom, while writing was a chance to share the thoughts and dreams which were practically bursting out of my head but never my mouth. On paper, I could confidently sculpt my words until they conveyed my thoughts in a way I was uncomfortable doing verbally. Later in elementary school, I discovered science, thanks to the library’s non-fiction section. I read book after book about every discipline of science imaginable. One book in particular stood apart from the rest: the copy of Gray’s Anatomy I received as a present in sixth grade. The almost 1,300-page book went everywhere with me for almost a year. I would trace over...
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...Nasal polyps Overview: Nasal polyps are small growths phones, not cancerous and shaped like a drop, which develop on the nasal mucosa and and paranasal sinuses. The characteristic symptoms of nasal polyps are due to the gradual growth of these drops, which can clog in an important way the nasal airways, making breathing difficult, causing loss of sense of smell and predisposing to the development of sinusitis. Causes: The cavities and sinuses are lined with mucosa, the tissue that secretes a sticky fluid (mucus). The membrane contains many tiny blood vessels and is covered with tiny hairs called cilia. As you inhale the sinuses are an air inlet with a myriad of "coves and crannies" where the air can be warmed and moistened before reaching the lungs, properly purified. The tiny air particles remain stuck to the mucus and cilia to expel from the nose or throat. Nasal polyps can be formed when the lining is chronically inflamed; this inflammation is usually called chronic if the signs and symptoms of 'inflammation lasts for more than 12 weeks. It is unclear exactly how chronic inflammation can lead to the formation of polyps, but the immune system response in the mucous membrane appears to make a decisive contribution. Symptoms: Nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation of the mucosa and the sinus (chronic sinusitis). If you are developed or more polyps are large, these can clog the nasal sinuses and, consequently, one can identify some of the following signs...
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...statement with further evidences from the other authors, there is a strong correlation between the internal movements of vocal organs and the external physicality and influences. Hence, the voice is heavily dependent on these correlated factors. Therefore, this essay aimed to discuss the effects of the correlation of these two factors and how the voice is dependent on these factors. The prominence of...
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...can say that emotion affects speech behavior on the basic level of communication. However, after some research it seems that it not only can affect how a person communicates with someone, but emotions seem to have physiological effects on a person and how they acoustically say things when in a specific emotional state. Emotions play an important role on how we are breathing, the pitch of our voice, the pace at which we say things and many more physiological effects depending on your emotional state. In this essay, we cover a wide range of ways that emotions can affect our speech behavior and how these physiological effects can affect our everyday communication. Emotions can be analyzed on three different levels the first being the physiological level which is when we look at the nerve impulses that are involved with voice production. Secondly, we analyze emotions on a phonatory-articulatory level and this is where we look at the position or movement of the vocal folds. Finally, emotions can be analyzed on the acoustic level where we look at the actual characteristics of speech. These characteristics include, but are not limited to frequency of speech, or the pitch of the voice. Variability in sound production, voice quality, the intensity or loudness of the speech and the temporal aspects of speech, which is when we look at the speech rate, are also characteristics. Each of these is crucial in understanding how emotions can affect our speech behavior. In the study, “Emotion...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSICS EDITION OF G EORG E B E R N A R D S HAW ’S PYGMALION By LAURA REIS MAYER BUNCOMBE COUNTY SCHOOLS, ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA S E R I E S E D I T O R S JEANNE M. MCGLINN, Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Asheville and W. GEIGER ELLIS, Ed.D., University of Georgia, Professor Emeritus 2 A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classics Edition of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion TABLE OF CONTENTS An Introduction .......................................................................................3 Synopsis of the Play .................................................................................3 Prereading Activities .................................................................................6 During Reading Activities ......................................................................13 After Reading Activities .........................................................................21 About the Author of this Guide .............................................................29 About the Editors of this Guide .............................................................29 Full List of Free Teacher's Guides...........................................................30 Click on a Classic ..................................................................................31 Copyright © 2007 by Penguin Group (USA) For additional teacher’s manuals, catalogs, or descriptive brochures, please email academic@penguin.com or write...
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...This page intentionally left blank The Study of Language This best-selling textbook provides an engaging and user-friendly introduction to the study of language. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, Yule presents information in short, bite-sized sections, introducing the major concepts in language study – from how children learn language to why men and women speak differently, through all the key elements of language. This fourth edition has been revised and updated with twenty new sections, covering new accounts of language origins, the key properties of language, text messaging, kinship terms and more than twenty new word etymologies. To increase student engagement with the text, Yule has also included more than fifty new tasks, including thirty involving data analysis, enabling students to apply what they have learned. The online study guide offers students further resources when working on the tasks, while encouraging lively and proactive learning. This is the most fundamental and easy-to-use introduction to the study of language. George Yule has taught Linguistics at the Universities of Edinburgh, Hawai’i, Louisiana State and Minnesota. He is the author of a number of books, including Discourse Analysis (with Gillian Brown, 1983) and Pragmatics (1996). “A genuinely introductory linguistics text, well suited for undergraduates who have little prior experience thinking descriptively about language. Yule’s crisp and thought-provoking presentation of key issues works...
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...ISBN: 0-536-29980-3 Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition, by Donald Kauchak and Paul Eggen Published by Prentice-Hall/Merrill. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Instruction in American Classrooms T ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ he reason you’re taking this and other courses in your teacher preparation program is to help you understand American schools, how they attempt to promote student learning, and what teachers can do to contribute to that process. Over the past 25 years a continually expanding body of research has provided educators with a great deal of information about the relationships between teaching and learning. In this chapter we describe this research as we try to answer the following questions: How do effective teachers plan for instruction? What kinds of personal characteristics do effective teachers possess? What kinds of instructional strategies do effective teachers use? How do effective teachers manage their classrooms to create productive learning environments? How do effective teachers assess their students? On what theories of learning do effective teachers base their instruction? Let’s begin by looking at a teacher’s thinking as she plans for her next week’s math instruction. “What are you doing?” Jim Barton asked his wife, Shirley, as he saw her hard at work on a Saturday afternoon cutting and drawing on cardboard pieces. “Working on a unit on equivalent fractions and adding fractions with unlike denominators. . . . What...
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...Capital account convertibility of the rupee is a distant dream because macro economic parameters have to be stable before it is implemented. The low current account deficit should be sustained and the fiscal deficit needs to be contained. * Leads to free exchange of currency at lower rates and an unrestricted mobility of capital * Beneficial for a country because inflow of foreign investment increases * The flip side, though, is that it could destabilise an economy due to massive capital flows in and out of the country “We are surely on that path but it will take a few more years. The rupee as a currency should be more frequently traded internationally,” said Dwijendra Srivastava, chief investment officer (debt) at Sundaram Mutual Fund. India’s external sector was vulnerable till recently, with the current account deficit above the comfort level of 2.5 per cent of the gross domestic product. It was 4.2 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011-12 and rose to 4.7 per cent in 2012-13. After severe curbs, including restrictions on import of precious metals, the deficit fell to 1.7 per cent in 2013-14. In 2014-15, it continued to stay low, with the third quarter showing a deficit of 1.6 per cent. The fiscal situation remains fragile. The turning point was in 2007, the year of the global financial crisis. The fiscal deficit of the central government has been 4.6-6.5 per cent in the past six years, before falling to 4.1 per cent in 2013-14. The government is...
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...Evan Mandery Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice • Why I'm Skipping My Harvard Reunion (A Call to Action) Posted: 05/06/2014 8:51 am EDT Updated: 07/06/2014 5:12 am EDT In a few weeks, the Harvard class of 1989 will be reuniting in Cambridge. There'll be mini-TED talks, a "Taste of New England Dinner," and a chance to sing with the Boston Pops, but I'll be spending the weekend coaching my son's Little League team and hanging out with my family. Reunions seem unnatural to me. I refuse to participate in the charade of pretending to be surprised to see a classmate, and when I'm asked, "What have you been doing?" as one inevitably is, I never know where to draw the line between "stuff" and the full, self-reflective version one might share with a close friend. I think too much detail implies an exaggerated sense of self-worth and is hence a greater faux pas than too little detail, so I've always hewed closer to the "stuff" version, but this runs its own risk of suggesting you don't think the other person is important enough to merit the full telling of your own story. It's a minefield and, in the social media era, one that's entirely avoidable. I've never been unable to locate an old friend or classmate online. It's particularly easy for graduates of Harvard, which maintains a great alumni website--it's where Facebook started, after all. Anyone interested in me can find my professional record on LinkedIn, family photos on Facebook, and many hilarious tweets. If one wanted...
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...Psychotherapy Volume 32/Winter 1995/Number 4 DOES THE OEDIPUS COMPLEX EXIST? JOEL KUPFERSMID PSI, Twinsburg, Ohio The Oedipus complex is considered to be the nucleus of neurosis for Freud and many psychoanalysts. Examination of the nature and origins of the Oedipus complex presented by psychoanalysts and critics suggests, that as a hypothetical construct, there is little evidence to support its existence. sity students taking courses in psychology. Thus, it appears that an examination of the historical roots and current status of the Oedipus complex might aid psychotherapists as well as others who have been introduced to the concept. The primary focus of this article will be on the validity of the Oedipus complex and the reasonableness of believing that it is a viable hypothetical construct in the analysis of human psychopathology and, thus, that it should be placed at the core of clinical procedures. What Is the Oedipus Complex? The Oedipus complex has two forms, one for the male and one for the female. Freud's writings on both forms spans several decades. There is no single publication in which he fully described all aspects of the Oedipus complex for both males and females. A researcher must piece together the nature of both forms from his many writings on the topic. The essence of the Oedipus complex is a desire on the part of the child to have a sexual relationship with the opposite sex parent and feelings of hostility toward the same sex parent. These desire/feelings...
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