REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The important usage of all parts of MoringaOleifera has been utilized by the different parts of the world as medicinal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and even clarifying drinking water. This rapidly-growing tree was utilized by ancient Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians. It is now widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many locations in the tropics and has an antibiotic ability (Fahey, 2005). It has been introduced and become naturalized in other parts of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, West Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, East and West Africa, Southern Florida, throughout the West Indies, and from Mexico to Peru, Paraguay, and Brazil (Mahmood, 2010).
In a research study conducted by Suleymanet. al. (2009) found that MoringaOleifera is the best natural coagulant discovered yet, that can replace aluminum sulfate which is use widely all around the world. The study was conducted to find the active constituents which are responsible about the coagulation mechanism and improving the coagulation property. The percentage chemical compositions of MoringaOleifera Seed Powder consist of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids with more sodium than potassium. Phytochemical tests and spectral studies led to the elucidation of steroidal glycoside-strophantidin as a bioactive agent in the seed.
Comparative studies with alum showed that the seed paste was effective in the clarification and sedimentation of inorganic and organic matter in raw water .It reduced the total microbial and coliform count by 55% and 65% respectively. Pterygospermin, and antifungal substance has been extracted from the flower, 4-Hydroxymellein, vanillin, B-Sitosenone, and B-Sitosterol have been characterized from the stem while benzyl isothiocyanak and moringyne have been elucidated from the seeds. Bacteria in raw water were reduced up to 95% after the treatment with Moringa seed Powder. The seed extract lowered the pH of the water samples while the concentration of some essential minerals such as K, Na, Fe ad Mg increased appreciably after the seed treatment. The seed extract achieved 90% and 95% sedimentation of the suspended particles in underground water and surface water samples (Alabi&Olayemi, 1994).
The Turbidity, pH and Conductivity and total coliform were determined for all the samples. The Turbidity for the samples ranged from log10.030 to log101.36 NTU while the conductivity ranged from log102.29 to log102.72 M s/cm. the 12 g/L treatment of Moringa and 10 and 12 g/L alum treatments gave values that are acceptable according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water .It showed that a powder seed kernel of MoringaOleifera contains some coagulating properties at loading the conventional coagulum, alum (Amagloh&Benang, 2009).
The Work of Oluduro and Aderiye (2007) was to investigate impacts of Moringa seed extract on the physicochemical properties of surface and underground water in Nigeria. The study reported that a MoringaOleifera seed contains 37.8% protein, 36.2% fat, 3.67% crude fiber and 9.48% ash. It is also reach in Magnesium (129.6 mg/L), potassium (103.5 mg/L), Na (70.1 mg/L), Ca (34.6 mg/L) and iron (5.4 mg/L). According to Anwar and Rashid (2007), the moringaoleifera seed oil contains oleic acid up to 73.22%.
Other purpose of conducting the study about MoringaOleifera is that the examination of antibacterial activity of methanol and h-hexane extracts of MoringaOleifera and MoringaStenopetala seeds that was conducted on 3 bacterial species (S. Typhii, V. Cholerae, and E.Coli) which causes water borne diseases. The highest inhibitions were observed at dilution of 20.5 and 40% of MoringaOleifera and MoringaStenopetala and a higher inhibition on S. Typhii than V. Cholerae and E. Coli. The results showed that MoringaOleifera and MoringaStenopetala had a degree of antibacterial properties especially in low doses (Atieno, Wagai, Arama, &Ogar, 2010). The study conducted by Atieno, Wagai, Arama, and Ogar (2010) showed that MoringaOleifera and MoringaStenopetala extracts bear antimicrobial properties agains S. Typii, V. Cholerae, and E. Coli. These extracts could be promising natural applications in controlling bacteria that cause water borne disease.
In acquiring the study of MoringaOleifera Seed as a Water Filter, constant research was done. Facts were gained from books and computer resources. The abundance of the said shrub which most of the time left out wilted aroused a curious mind thus the research drew its concept. The accessibility and availability of the Malunggay seed inspired the research where an actual and continuous propagation was made to ensure the quality during the several process of experimentation.