...Management of water quality addresses the problems that are related to water quality and water valuable uses. The control on water pollution depends on adequate treatment and elimination of wastewater (Krenkel at el, 1980). Goel (2006) refers to pollutant water giving a broader definition depending on the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics causing harmful effects on human life according to required uses of water. Goel (2006) mentions the changes that occur in the natural water properties making it unfit for drinking or household, industrial and agricultural uses. In recent year, the challenges of water management on the world are very difficult to provide the fresh water and to improve the water quality...
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...Final Lab Report Water Quality and Contamination Rachel Hewitt SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Professor Andrea Van Gunst May 16, 2016 ABSTRACT All lab experiments were conducted in Windham, New York. The first experiment regarding water quality and contamination, used vinegar, liquid detergent and vegetable oil to contaminate tap water. The results of this experiment showed that when the water was contaminated and filtered through dirt some of the contaminates remained trapped in the soil and didn’t contaminate the groundwater but some did. This experiment could help in finding safer ways to purify and filter water. The results of this experiment were that the oil separated in the water and was trapped in the soil not the groundwater. The vinegar changed the smell of the water and contaminated the soil but without any major effect on the groundwater. The liquid detergent also changed the smell of the water as well as the color but also contaminated the soil and groundwater. The next experiment that was conducted was to use products like sand, charcoal and gravel to filter contaminated water that had been treated with alum. The products were used as an aquifer. The results of this experiment were basically if you used coagulants combined with alkalinity you would be able to remove contaminants from the groundwater. The last experiment bottle water and tap water were compared and tested for levels of iron, phosphate, chloride and ammonia to figure...
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...Water Quality Standards Catherine Ortiz Everest Water Quality Standards Having water quality standards is important because it helps ensure that the water condition is good. Depending on what the water will be used for; the standards change. For example, the standard for drinking water is a lot higher than the standards for water that we would use to water our lawn. “The EPA has listed 167 chemicals and substances as criteria pollutants.”(Wright & Boorse, 2014, p. 515) These chemicals are not allowed to remain in the water. The water would need to be conditioned to make it meet the standards of not having any of those chemicals and substances in it. “The list identifies the pollutant and then recommends concentrations for freshwater, saltwater and human consumption.”(Wright & Boorse, 2014, p. 515) Criteria pollutants are chemicals found in water. “The majority of these are toxic chemicals, but many are also natural chemicals or conditions that describe the state of the water, such as nutrients, hardness (a general measure of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts) and pH (a measure of the acidity of the water).”(Wright & Boorse, 2014, p. 515) The maximum contaminant levels or MCL are the levels of toxins that are at acceptable amounts, found in the water. For example, “the CMC and CCC values for arsenic are 340 µg/L and 150 µg/L (1 µg/L = part per billion) for freshwater bodies and 69 µg/L and 36 µg/L for saltwater bodies. The drinking water MCL concentration...
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...Week 5 – Water Quality and Contamination Final Lab Rona Harris SCI 207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Instructor: Jacqueline Poole 10/6/2013 Week 5 – Water Quality and Contamination Final Lab Abstract Testing of how ground water is affected by different contaminants was the bases of the experiment. The results were interesting in that when vinegar is filtered through dirt it came out fairly clean. This is surprising because I did not think that any of the contaminants used would affect the water the way it did with vinegar. I figured all the water would have dirt mixed in with the water that was filtered. This shows that maybe we can find a way to find a safer choice on how we filter and purify water. Introduction In this Lab we will explore how contaminants affect the water supply. Contaminants can be anything from human waste, chemicals used in farming and industrial factories to the laundry detergent and cooking oil that you use at home. We are going to asking how and why this affects us when we drink water from the faucet. One contaminant that is found in water is lead. Studies have shown that lead can led to developmental delays in kids and can cause cancer in adults. According to Bruce Lanphear a pediatric epidemiologist, “Lead in water is an underappreciated service of lead intake" (Renner, 2009. A544) It is estimated that 10-20% of children are exposed to lead through the drinking water according to the Centers for Disease Control and...
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...consume water that is of low quality, with the chief reason for such low standards in water quality being contamination by pollutants that originate from various sources. Rural areas in most underdeveloped and developing countries do not have piped water and they rely mostly on wells or boreholes, rivers, springs, and rain water for their domestic consumption. Human activities such as intensive farming that use a lot of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides, mining, and industrial run off are the primary sources of water pollutants and contaminants. According to Li L, Li CS, and Wichelns’ (2016) study established that rural areas in Tra Vinh Province of Vietnam experience seasonal fluctuations of water quality annually. L, Li CS, and Wichelns (2016) observed that during the wet monsoon season in the Mekong Delta, the inhabitants have access to abundant rainwater that they collect for both domestic and commercial applications. However, during the dry season they are faced with acute shortages of clean and safe drinking water often opting for canal or groundwater that is usually contaminated and unsafe for human consumption. L, Li CS, and Wichelns (2016) observed that during the wet season, inhabitants of the Mekong Delta were unwilling to purchase clean and safe bottled drinking water from vendors compared to the dry season when demand for the same was extremely high. A study carried out by Trevett, Carter, and Tyrrel (2004) in rural Honduras to investigate water quality deterioration...
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...Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination |Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) | |Beaker |Observations | |1 |No smell, clear, 100 ml | |2 |No smell, oil settled at the top of the water, 110 ml | |3 |Bitter scent, clear color, 100 ml | |4 |Soap smell, thick,110 ml | |5 |No smell, dark, small dirt particles at the bottom of the beaker | |6 |Dirt smell, Dark with oil spots on top, 70 ml | |7 |Bitter scent, a little dark color, 70 ml | |8 |Soap scent, extremely dark,...
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...further speeded up in 2000s with the nation vision of achieving an industrialized status by year 2020. However, the rapid development process sometimes was carried out without really taking into consideration, that the possibility of such development will impacts on the environment, in this case, impacts towards the rivers. Table 1 below shows the number of polluted river (suspended solids) from year 1998 – 2008. Table [ 1 ]: Number of clean, slighly polluted and polluted basin in Malaysia (Suspended Solids) A) Economic Growth and Water Pollution As the country which moves towards the realization of its vision 2020 to becoming a developed nation through the implementation of its policy agenda for heavy industrialization, infrastructures, and urban-expansions, the water demands increase steeply. There is greater pressure to preserve the current water resources as well as to find alternative course of actions to improve the water quality. In other words, the consistent and rapid growth of urban-industries in Malaysia has undoubtedly resulted in an increase in economic well being of the citizens on the one hand. After all, for the first time in years, the external value of Malaysia’s currency, the ringgit, shrank by nearly 50 per cent while the stock market contracted by even more at about 60 per cent. The ringgit fell from an average of 2.42 to the U.S. dollar in April 1997 to an all-time low of 4.88 to the U.S. dollar in January 1998. The composite index (CI) of the Kuala...
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...Analysis of surface water quality plays significant role in environmental impact assessment studies. For qualitative description of surface water quality, number of physical, chemical and biological parameters are taken into consideration, allotted a weightage factor and calculated into an index called water quality index (WQI). Water quality index uses crisp set to analyse water contaminants and hence deals with standing boundary conditions. This paper illustrates use of fuzzy inference system for analysing physical and chemical parameters to assess surface water quality. A water quality index calculated with fuzzy inference system has been developed and discussed. Introduction Determination of status of water quality of a river or any other water sources is highly indeterminate. The current method of determining water quality index which is in practice utilizes statistical approach and is not precise in most of the time. Nowadays environmental protection and water quality management has become an important issue in public policies throughout the world. Moreover, government is concerned about the quality of their environmental resources because of the complexity in water quality data sets. Many countries have introduced a scheme for river water quality monitoring and assessment, examining separate stretches of fresh water. Water Quality Index (WQI) is computed for classification of water wherein the integration of parametric information on water quality data and the...
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...of our planet is covered in water, only a small percent of this water is usable freshwater. (eScience Lab 2, 2012) Most of our freshwater is frozen in glaciers at the poles, which means that it is not a viable option because melting them would disrupt the delicate balance of that ecosystem. The small percentage of fresh water that is accessible is stored underground in aquifers. These aquifers collect precipitation like rain water and water from melted snowfalls and stores it in ducts and pores, layers beneath the earth’s surface. When you think about the fact that there are over seven billion human being on this earth and countless other species that depend on freshwater to live and how little there actually is that alone is legitimate cause for alarm. In addition a lot of our technological advances, which have enabled us to feed a growing population by using chemicals to grow more crops, can threatened and potentially contaminate our freshwater supply. A good example of this as explained by Turk & Bensel 2011, is the fact that nitrogen and phosphorus are important crop nutrients, and farmers apply large amounts to cropland each year. They can enter water resources through runoff and leaching and affect water quality through eutrophication, which can result in decreased oxygen levels, fish kills, clogged pipelines, and reduced recreational opportunities. Another reason why water quality research is so important is because growing urban water demands have long clashed with...
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...WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATIONS PG. 1 Water Quality and Contamination Nalissa Johnson SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Otishna Jacobs 16 August 2015 WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATIONS PG. 2 Introduction Ground water is the biggest source of drinking water available to human population around the world and is rapidly being polluted because of industrialization and increasing demands of agriculture around the world. “Ground waters frequently contain iron, manganese and ammonium above the allowed concentration levels for drinking water”(Strembal, 2004)There are a lot of dangers associated with drinking or cooking with contaminated water. Diseases, poisons, and toxins can be found in contaminated water. There is also a possible correlation between an increased cancer risk and consuming contaminated water. “Being out of sight, it is not always apparent that damage has been, or is being, done to the groundwater resources. The need to prevent groundwater pollution is important because of the very high proportion of groundwater resources that are used for potable supply.” (Helmer, 1997) The objective of the first experiment we conducted was to test the ability of soil to remove oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent from the environment before it reaches ground water. We want to know this because often we...
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...infrastructure, This paper will explore the issues encompassing the water quality in Haiti. First, water systems in specific areas of the country will be examined and for their effectiveness. Then, the possible solutions to solving the water quality problem will be explored. Reason for Paper When presented with this assignment, my attention was immediately drawn to the country of Haiti. Having visited the country multiple...
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...Water Quality Management Water Pollutants and their Sources Water pollutants are categorized as: Point Source – pollutants that enter watercourses through pipes or channels. These can be discharges from sewage treatment plant or factories. Nonpoint Source – pollutants that originate from multiple sources. Several points of contamination over a large area contribute to the pollution of a water body. E.g agricultural runoff and construction sites. Types of Pollutants: 1. Oxygen-demanding substances/wastes - biodegradable organic compounds contained in domestic sewage or certain industrial effluents. When these compounds are decomposed by bacteria, oxygen is removed from the water. If the oxygen level drops low enough, the fish will die. Examples: * Sewage – includes domestic and hospital wastes, animal and human excreta etc. * Animal Manure and Plant residues - These substances in water causes increased algal blooms and microorganism population. This is introduced into water due to sewage, agricultural run-off, paper mills, food processing etc. 2. Sediments - particles of soils, sands, and minerals washed from the land. They can smother bottom life such as shellfish and coral, as well as fill in reservoirs and harbors. * Organic sediments - can deplete the water of oxygen, creating anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions, and may create unsightly conditions and cause unpleasant odors. 3. Nutrients - such as the nitrogen and...
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...Lab 5 – Weather and Climate Change Lab 5 - Demonstration 1: Modeling the Water Cycle POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Which water cycle processes are represented in this model and by what components? Answer = evaporation, and condensation. The warm water evaporated into water vapors, that it transformed back into a liquid state during the condensation process. 2. Which processes are not represented? How could the model be altered to include these processes? Answer = surface run off, infiltration, and percolation. Its components is how the water vapor turns to gas. 3. How would the “weather” be affected if the water was at a decreased temperature? What about at an increased temperature? Answer = if it is decreased temperature the weather will be cold or stay warm within a humidity climate. And if the temperature increase the weather will be hot because we know that the water is being evaporate at that time according to the water cycle process. Experiment 1: Water Movement POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop a hypothesis predicting the effect of sunlight on evaporation? Hypothesis = direct sunlight will lead up to more evaporation. The direct photons of light increases the motion of the water molecules it strikes giving them a better a chance to evaporate. 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question...
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...1 Analysis of Three Instructional Design Models 2 Abstract Instructional design models provide for a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for a specific educational initiative (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). This paper will briefly describe the purpose and what instructional models are followed by process of three selected models: (a) the Dick and Carey systems approach; (b) Morrison, Ross and Kemp model (also known as the Kemp model); and (c) the Three-Phase design (3PD) model. The process description for each model will serve as the foundation and supporting points required for comparing and contrasting process of the models. 1 Dick and Carey, Kemp, and Three-Phase Design models for Instructional Design Instructional design (ID) models can provide a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for specific educational initiatives (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). Gustafson & Branch (1997) states that there is a wide variety of instructional design models describing the ID process created for different situations and settings (as cited in Gustafson & Branch, 2002b; Ryder, 2006). The purpose of the instructional design models offer both educational and training organizations design steps, management guidelines and teamwork collaboration options with designers, technicians and clients (Gustafson & Branch, 2002a). Specifically by definition, a model can be defined as “a way of doing something; an explicit representation...
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...Water Quality and Contamination Lab Report Kathryn Thomas SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Instructor Joseph Fiedor October 6, 2014 Water Quality and Contamination Lab Report Abstract The water filtration process was examined using oil, vinegar, and detergent to show how well the process works. The watercolor, consistency, and smell would change allowing the difference to be seen. Different kinds of water were tested using test chemical strips to evaluate the chemicals within them. The reason was to show that bottled water was not better for human consumption than tap water. Contaminants can be carried from one point to another and can affect human health. Water quality is very important and knowledge gained in our communities can make a difference. Introduction Water quality research is important because it helps to protect and restore the quality of the Nation’s water. Certain standards help to identify problems caused by incorrectly treating wastewater, sediment, fertilizers, and chemical from agricultural areas. Standards are put in place to achieve and preserve protective water quality conditions. (EPA, 2012). Water quality affects ecological processes such as good river health, vegetation, wetlands, and birdlife. Our water resources have major environmental, social, and economic values. If the water quality is not maintained, it will affect more than the environment; it will affect commercial and recreational values as well. (NSW, 2012). The main...
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