...How is Lab Glassware Used? Luis Cervantes, Ruby Morales, Justin Oursler, Cole Von Roeder Friday September 4, 2015 10:30 am Kaitlyn Mandigo Section L52 Introduction: The intention of this investigation was to find the most precise and/or accurate glassware. Precision is how close the measured values are to each other, and accuracy is how close the measured value is true to the value. To do this different laboratory glassware was used to measure out density of water. Density is the ratio of an object’s mass (grams) to its volume (mL or cm^3). Therefore once we knew the mass and volume of the water being used then the density was calculated using the following formula: Density = mass/volume This calculated density was then be compared to the expected, theoretical density of water at the current temperature (°c) by using the following percent error formula: % Error = (experimental-theoretical)/theoretical Additionally, significant figure rules are used to ensure accuracy in this lab. With this information on all glassware, it was determined which lab glassware was the most precise and/or accurate. Procedure/Experiment: This experiment required many different kinds of glassware to be used in order to successfully carry out the experiment. The types of glassware and other tools used are as follows: 50mL beaker, buret, electronic balance, 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, 10mL graduated cylinder...
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...Scott Kurashige Jon Grist Fr. 1:30 Lab Density Lab Report Section 1- Introduction The purpose of this lab was to design and perform an experiment which measures the density of two common household objects. The formula for Density = mass/volume. In this lab, density will be determined through two procedures using two objects. The mass of each object will be calculated by measuring it on a balance scale. The volume will be found by using a ruler and measuring it to use a formula for volume. To also find volume, we have to place the object in a graduated cylinder of water to measure the displacement of the water. Density information can be used to explain phenomenon’s like steel and cement ships that can float in water because of the concept of buoyancy. If the density of the ship is less than that of the water or less than the mass of the water it is in, the ship will be able to float even though it is made of steel or cement. Finally, the results obtained in the density lab will be used to determine if the object will float or sink in water. Section 2- Experimental To start off the experiment, we picked two objects and measured them with a ruler. Once we measured the length, width, and height of the objects, we could then find the volume. Once the volume was calculated, the objects were weighed on a balance and then using the formula mass/volume, we calculated the density of the two objects. We also had to find the volume by measuring water displacement. To do this, we measured...
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...Lab #3 Measurements & Density Experiment 3A I Purpose: To determine the area of a sheet of typing paper and express the answer in mm2, cm2, and in2. II Equipment/Reagents: A sheet of regular typing paper and ruled provided in lab kit. III Procedure: Measure the length and width of the sheet of typing paper and express this measurement in millimeters rounded to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Calculate the area of the sheet using the formula: Area= (length)(width) Round your answers to the correct number of significant digits and write the answers in the correct units. Convert your answer to cm2 and in2. IV Data or Observations: Length | Width | Area | 279 mm | 215 mm | 6.00x104 mm2 | 27.9 cm | 21.5 cm | 6.00x102 cm2 | 11.0 in | 8.46 in | 93.1 in2 | V Calculations: (279 mm)(215 mm)= 6.00x104 mm2 (27.9 cm)(21.5 cm)= 6.00x102 cm2 (11.0 in)(8.46 in)= 93.1 in2 VI Results/Summary: The area of the typing paper was found to be 6.00x10^4 mm^2, 6.00x 10^2 cm^2, and 93.1 in^2. Sierra Sisco Lab #3 Measurements & Density Experiment 3B I Purpose: To determine the volume of a rectangular solid and express the answer in mm3, cm3, and in3. II Equipment/Reagents: Rectangular block in lab kit and vernier caliper. III Procedure: Measure the length width and height of of the rectangular solid and express measurements in millimeters rounded to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Record your answers and calculate the volume...
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...Name Date Density Lab Density on Various Objects TITLE: The effect of density on various objects PURPOSE: To observe the effect of density on various objects and use the property of density to identify the composition of unknowns. PROCEDURE ONE: Part A: Floating Cans 1. Five gallon bucket of room temperature water 2. Add can of regular soda 3. Add can of diet soda 4. Record which can floats and which can sinks PROCEDURE TWO: Part A: Floating Eggs in Water 1. Measured the mass of the egg 2. Recorded the mass of the egg 3. Filled the overflow can with plain water to just below the spout and lowered the egg into the can while catching the water that overflowed. 4. Recorded the amount of water overflowed 5. Determined the volume of the egg by measuring the amount of water displaced with a graduated cylinder Part B: Floating Eggs in Salt Water 1. Measured the mass of the egg 2. Recorded the mass of the egg 3. Filled the overflow can with salt water to just below the spout and lowered the egg into the can while catching the water that overflowed. 4. Recorded the amount of water overflowed 5. Determined...
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...GEO101L Earth Science Module 3 Lab: Soil Porosity and Permeability Soils are made up of particles of rock, along with the spaces between those particles. Physical characteristics of soil particles, such as size and shape, can influence how water moves through them. Aquifers are underground layers of rock that are capable of storing water. An aquifer is recharged when water filters through the soil levels above it. In this lab you will investigate the characteristics of known and unknown soil samples. The Lab Kit includes gravel, sand, and top soil samples, and you are to get a local sample from the soil at your home or a potted plant in your house. This lab will look at the porosity and permeability of these soil samples. Porosity is the basic measure of how much of its volume is open space. We will express porosity as the percentage of pore space in a material’s total volume. This lab will also look at permeability of these soil samples. Permeability is a measurement of how easily liquids flow through soil samples. We will calculate each sample’s drainage rate as well as percentage of water retention. Experiment 1: Methods to Measure Soil Porosity 1. Pour 100 mL of water into your 250ml plastic beaker and draw a line to indicate the water level in the beaker. Write 100 mL in the total volume column on your data sheet. Save this water since you can use it again. 2. Fill the 250ml plastic beaker with the first soil sample up to the line you drew (100ml)...
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...Density [pic] Part 1 Problem: How can you determine the density of water? Hypothesis: If we measure 25 mL, 50 mL, 75 mL, and 100 mL of water, and measure all of these amounts on an three beam balance, then we can find the density of water using the density formula. Procedure: 1. Clean and dry the pan on your balance. 2. Zero your balances. 3. Determine the mass of a 100 mL dry graduated cylinder. Record in Data Table I. 4. Measure the following volumes of water: 25 mL, 50 mL, 75 mL, and 100 mL. record the mass of the water and the graduated cylinder in the data table. 5. Record the mass of just the water. 6. Determine the density of the water for each volume. (D = M/V) 7. Determine the average density. 8. Make a graph showing Mass (g) versus Volume (mL) using a best fit line. Data Table I |Volume of Water |Mass of Water and |Mass of Water |Density of Water (D = | | |Grad. Cylinder | |M/V) g/mL | |O mL |98.20 | | | |25 mL |127.00 |28.80 |1.152 grams/mL | |50 mL |145.40 |47.20 |0.944 grams/mL | |75 mL |172.50 |74.30 |0.991 | |100 mL |196.00 |97.80 |0.978 grams/mL | |Average density ...
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...CHEM 321 Experiment 1 Basics Review and Calibration of Volumetric Glassware There are three types of containers used in lab to contain or deliver liquids: volumetric, ordinary, and disposable glassware. Volumetric glassware are containers that have been calibrated at a specific temperature to deliver or contain VERY PRECISE amounts of liquid. Examples of volumetric glassware that we will use include burets, pipets, and volumetric flasks. Ordinary glassware has less precise volume calibrations and are used whenever the volumes do not have to be measured as accurately. Examples include beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, and graduated cylinders. Disposable glassware (or plastic ware) is used to transfer or hold liquids temporarily and may not contain any volume markings. Examples include medicine droppers and disposable pipets. In this experiment you will be exposed to a variety of important concepts related to quantitative experimentation, including the proper use of glassware, analytical balances, and statistics. You will calibrate a volumetric pipet or flask, that is, you will experimentally determine what volume a pipet or flask really delivers. You will also calibrate a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask and a 50 mL buret. You will use these calibrated values throughout the remainder of the quarter. Construct a table at the front of your laboratory notebook to record calibration values or tape in the calibration tables from Chapter 2 of Harris’ 7th edition. How to read the level of liquid...
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...measured, which were used to calculate the volume and density of the object as well as the margin of error. Theory In this lab, there were direct and indirection measurements involved, and several calculations were required in order to calculate the related variables. In part A of this lab, apparent and actual height of the wooden block was recorded with a meter stick. The meter stick has an accuracy of ±0.05 cm and no other calculations were needed. [1] Parallax is the change in the apparent position of an object when the position of the observed changes. It is also a common error in scientific experiments. One must be aware of its existence at all time so that it can be avoided and as a result the true value of the reading is obtained. Due to parallax, the position of the observed block appears to change as well, making the height of the block appear to be different for each measurement. In part B of this lab, measurements were recorded indirectly. A meter stick was used to measure the length of the metal block, with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. Then the width and height was measured with a caliper with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. These measurements were taken to calculate the volume of the metal block. The equation v=lwh was used in the calculation, where v = average volume, l = length, w = width, h = height. The average of each measurement was first calculated, and then an average volume was produced. The uncertainty of the volume was calculated using the propagation...
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...Lab 2: The Density of Pennies Brennan Woodward Lab partner: Stephen Akinniranye Section 22 September 15, 2014 Brennan Woodward 15 September 2014 Section 22 Experiment 2: Density of Pennies Introduction The composition of the penny has gone through several changes throughout its life, having 6 composition changes. The penny was composed of pure copper when it was started but due to rising prices of copper it was moving to a cheaper composition. As time went by the composition transitioned away from pure copper into mixtures of copper and other metals, or an alloy. From the years 1837 to 1962 the composition underwent an alternation from a bronze metal to copper and zinc alloy1. After tin’s removal and somewhere in the time range of 1962 to the present time, the penny’s metal alloy changed to a 95% copper and 5% a second metal. The present composition of the penny is 2.5% copper and 97.5% of the second metal. The purpose of the lab was to explore the physical properties of matter through density and to find the identity of the second unknown metal. Density is an intensive physical property that can be used to determine an unknown substance, where the amount of the substance does not affect the density. Even though two objects may...
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...across a selectively permeable membrane for varying starch solute concentrations and water mixed with Lugol’s Iodine The contents of this document pertain to the effect of particle (starch) concentration on the rate of Osmosis through a selectively permeable membrane made visible by the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. The results proved that the greater the concentration of the starch solute within the membrane, the greater the rate of osmosis and change in color of the solute due to an increase of Lugol’s Iodine diffusing into the membrane and reacting with the starch. Ruba Nizam 3/18/2014 Introduction The purpose of this lab is to test the rates of osmosis on a model of a selectively permeable membrane filled with varying levels of starch concentrations using dialysis tubing. This experiment will make it possible to see how particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. According to Michael McKinley, osmosis is defined as the, “movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium” (McKinley). Diffusion is related to the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis and diffusion are both passive transports that do not require energy although osmosis is the diffusion of water (Balmer). These transport processes occur across a selectively permeable membrane...
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...Acis CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds, and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined, resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment you will prepare a buffer solution and observe its behavior when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will also compare the behavior with that of solutions containing only the acid. Theory In his theory of ionization in the 1880’s, Svante Arrhenius defined acids are substances which form H+ and bases as substances which form OH- in water. He further defined a salt as a substance other than an acid or base which forms ions in aqueous solution. Such substances are thus capable of producing an electric current and are called electrolytes. The amount of electricity produced is directly proportional to the concentration of ions in solution. With regard to electrolytes we have learned previously that strong acids and strong bases ionize completely, and are therefore strong electrolytes because they...
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...University of Alabama – Birmingham Department of Civil Engineering Lab Summary 1 Dennis D Gray Shayla Olson Chelsea Caldwell Collin Hipps Jamieson Matthews David Pritchett Dustin Schultes Michael Ragan Mark Casson 02/15/13 CE 222 Materials Laboratory Craig A. Copham Introduction The purpose of this lab was to design, mix, and test a specimen of concrete based on a specified strength, and the ingredients used in the testing were cement, air, water, sand, and stone. There was a batch of concrete design to reach the maximum of 5000 psi. The concrete mix designed was done from ASTM ACI 211 Chapter 6. To determine the slump and air content ASTM C143 and C231 were used. To calculate the unit weight and making curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory ASTM C138 and C192 were used for these different test. Once the test specimens were completely equipped they were covered for a period of time and additional testing was done. Results Concrete Mix Design |Material |SG |Design Wt.(pcy) |Vol. (ft^3) |MC % |Abs. % | |Cement |3.15 |763 |763 |3.88 |782 | |Water |1 |305 |292.04 |4.68 |299 | |Stone |2.6 ...
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...Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduc on: Lab 1: Lab 2: Lab 3: Lab 4: The Scien fic Method Wri ng a Lab Report Data Measurement Introduc on to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: Lab 6: Lab 7: Lab 8: Lab 9: The Chemistry of Life Diffusion Osmosis Respira on Enzymes The Cell: Lab 10: Lab 11: Lab 12: Lab 13: Lab 14: Lab 15: Cell Structure & Func on Mitosis Meiosis DNA & RNA Mendelian Gene cs Popula on Gene cs 3 4 Lab Safety Always follow the instruc ons in your laboratory manual and these general rules: eScience Labs, LLC. designs every kit with safety as our top priority. Nonetheless, these are science kits and contain items which must be handled with care. Safety in the laboratory always comes first! Lab Prepara on • • Please thoroughly read the lab exercise before star ng! If you have any doubt as to what you are supposed to be doing and how to do it safely, please STOP and then: Double-check the manual instruc ons. Check www.esciencelabs.com for updates and ps. Contact us for technical support by phone at 1-888-ESL-Kits (1-888-375-5487) or by email at Help@esciencelabs.com. • Read and understand all labels on chemicals. If you have any ques ons or concerns, refer to the Material Safely Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.esciencelabs.com. The MSDS lists the dangers, storage requirements, exposure treatment...
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...Environmental Science Table of Contents Lab 2 Water Quality and Contamination 21 Water Quality and Contamination Concepts to Explore • Usable water • Ground water contaminates • Ground water • Water treatment • Surface water • Drinking water quality Figure 1: At any given moment, 97% of the planet’s water is in the oceans. Only a small fraction of the remaining freshwater is usable by humans, underscoring the importance of treating our water supplies with care. Introduction It is no secret that water is one of the most valuable resources on planet Earth. Every plant and animal requires water to survive, not only for drinking, but also for food production, shelter creation and many other necessities. Water has also played a major role in transforming the earth’s surface into the varied topography we see today. While more than 70% of our planet is covered in water, only a small percent of this water is usable freshwater. The other 99% of the water is composed primarily of salt water, with a small percentage being composed of 23 Water Quality and Contamination glaciers. Due to the high costs involved in transforming salt water into freshwater, the Earth’s population survives off the less than 1% of freshwater available. Humans obtain freshwater from either surface water or groundwater. Surface water is the water that collects on the ground as a result of precipitation. The water that does not evaporate back into the...
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...Objectives: 1. To introduce students to lab safety and regulations 2. To introduce students to lab equipment 3. To teach students to use and calibrate micropipetters Materials: Micropipetters, beakers, distilled water and balance A. Introduction of lab safety and regulations. 1. General laboratory safety and regulations will be explained and emphasized. 2. Lab equipment will be introduced. B. Micropipetter Use and Calibration Background: Before you start any type of lab work, it is a good idea to check the accuracy and precision of the micropipetters that you plan to use. A very simple way to do this is by weighing the volume of water actually transferred by a micropipetter at a given setting. Water has a density of 0.9986 g/mL at room temperature, so you can use the mass of the water transferred to determine the accuracy of your pipetter (as long as your balance is reliable of course....), and by repeating the test several times, you can determine the precision of the micropetter as well. Procedure: 1. Using a balance capable of reading in milligrams or lower, tare a plastic weighing boat on the pan of the balance. 2. Set the micropipetter to its maximum capacity and carefully transfer that volume of distilled water to the weighing boat. 3. Repeat the operation at least four times, each time recording the weight of distilled water transferred. 4. Set the micropipetter to transfer 20 - 50% of its maximum volume and repeat step 3. 5. Calculate...
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