...THE EFFECTIVENESS BANANA (MUSA X PARADISIACA) PEELS USED AS FERTILIZER APPLIED IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS SAMPLES RESEARCHER: BERLENE GAIL H. LAMA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study A banana peel, known as a banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. As bananas, whether eaten raw or cooked, are a popular fruit consumed worldwide, with yearly production over 145 million tonnes in 2011, there is a significant amount of banana peel waste being generated as well. Banana peels are used as feedstock as they have some nutritional value. Banana peels are widely used for that purpose on small farms in regions where bananas are grown. There are some concerns over the impact of tannins contained in the peels on animals that consume them.[3][4] Banana peels are used as feedstock for cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, rabbits, fish and several other species. The specific nutrition contained in peel depends on the stage of maturity and the cultivar; for example plantain peels contain less fibre than dessert banana peels, and lignin content increases with ripening (from 7 to 15% dry matter). On average, banana peels contain 6-9% dry matter of protein and 20-30% fibre (measured as NDF). Green plantain peels contain 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening. Green banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green while ripe banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars. Banana peels are also used for water purification...
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...placed in a 140-day trial and given equal opportunity to perform through a uniform feeding and management regime. Record of economically important traits, adjusted 210 day weight, average daily gain adjusted 400 day weight and weight per day of age on all animals are systematically maintained. These records when statistically analyzed are used as the objective measures (indices) in selecting replacements and eliminating poor producers. 48 Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute Category Activity Description Agro-Industry/Agriculture Animal Production and Sam Motta's Goats and Sheep Demonstration and Marketing Systems Training Centre Animal Production and Hounslow Goats and Sheep Demonstration and Training Marketing Systems Centre Animal Production and Small Ruminant Production and Marketing Systems Marketing Systems Development Crop Production and Marketing Systems Livestock Feeds and Feeding systems Enhanced Hot Pepper Production Feeding Systems development for ruminants Education/Research PROCICARIBE PROCICARIBE Caribbean Integrated Pest Management Network Caribbean Small Ruminant Network (CASRUNet) Soil and Water Management Studies in the Rio Minho Valley Project Environment Hillside Farming Systems of Jamaica and the OECS Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest and Pesticides Management...
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...added expenses not to mention the bad effects of these chemicals to health and environment. Dr. Alfredo R. Rabena, head of the Research and Development Office of the University of Northern Philippines in Vigan City, Ilocos, has discovered a solution. He found that the leaves of kakawate tree or Mexican Lilac (Glinicidia sepium) contains coumarins, an effective botanopesticide. To prepare the solution, chop the kakawate leaves and let these soak overnight to extract coumarins. Using a strainer, separate the leaves from the solution. Spray the solution to the ricefields. The best time to apply it is from eight o’ clock to nine o’clock in the morning and from five o’clock to six o’clock in the afternoon as worms and pests are coming out from the leaves at these times. So the solution would be more effective to use. If applied early, it wouldn’t be that effective as pests are still hibernating. And if used when the sun’s heat is too hot, it wouldn’t be that effective also as pest would hide. Since kakawate is a legume, says Rabena, its leaves are rich in nitrogen, an important soil nutrient. Hence, the discarded leaves can be applied to the field as an organic fertilizer. He also recommends fanners to put several leafy branches of kakawate tree in between rice plants two days after planting to prevent pests from attacking the crop. To prove this research finding, Rabena and Flora Cely Rodilias did a demonstration in Naglaoa-an, Sto. Domingo, Ilocus Sur as well as in Vigan City and...
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...Silence Speaks Louder than Words: How to Communicate about CSR Engagement Effectively A Case Study of Noir Authors: Lea Tae-Mee Søndergaard Nielsen (282853) Gro Anna Haldrup Skovbjerg (282834) Supervisor: Michael Hübertz Characters: 98.895 Date: May 5th 2010 BA in Marketing and Management Communication Aarhus School of Business 1 Executive Summary This thesis seeks to shed light on the challenges companies face when attempting to promote their CSR endeavours and suggests how they can communicate a credible CSR message in order to overcome consumer scepticism. As companies to a greater extend are held account for the social consequences of their business activities, the pressure to be socially responsible has created a tension between business and society and caused companies to think of CSR in generic ways. In fact, the most common corporate response has been neither strategic, nor operational, but cosmetic; public relations and media campaigns, the centrepieces of which are often glossy CSR reports that showcase companies’ socially and environmentally good deeds. However, the extensive use of CSR for marketing communication has caused consumers to question the motivation behind the actions and resulted in increased scepticism and cynicism toward companies’ CSR messages. To gain an understanding of how companies can avoid this consumer...
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...Morton, J. 1987. Banana. p. 29–46. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Banana Musa x paridasiaca Description Origin and Distribution Varieties Climate Soil Propagation Culture Harvesting Yield Handling and Packing Controlled Ripening and Storage Pests Diseases Food Uses Animal Feed Other Uses Folklore The word "banana" is a general term embracing a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of the family Musaceae. Some species such as M. Basjoo Sieb. & Zucc. of Japan and M. ornata Roxb., native from Pakistan to Burma, are grown only as ornamental plants or for fiber. M. textilis Nee of the Philippines is grown only for its fiber, prized for strong ropes and also for tissue-thin tea bags. The so-called Abyssinian banana, Ensete ventricosum Cheesman, formerly E. edule Horan, Musa ensete Gmel., is cultivated in Ethiopia for fiber and for the staple foods derived from the young shoot, the base of the stem, and the corm. Most edible-fruited bananas, usually seedless, belong to the species M. acuminata Colla (M. cavendishii Lamb. ex Paxt., M. chinensis Sweet, M. nana Auth. NOT Lour., M. zebrina Van Houtee ex Planch.), or to the hybrid M. X paradisiaca L. (M. X sapientum L.; M. acumianta X M. balbisiana Colla). M. balbisiana Colla of southern Asia and the East Indies, bears a seedy fruit but the plant is valued for its disease-resistance and therefore plays an important role as a ";parent"; in the breeding of edible bananas. ...
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...SEED PROCESSING AND STORAGE Principles and practices of seed harvesting, processing, and storage: an organic seed production manual for seed growers in the Mid-Atlantic and Southern U.S. Copyright © 2004 by Jeffrey H. McCormack, Ph.D. Some rights reserved. See page 28 for distribution and licensing information. For updates visit www.savingourseeds.org For comments or suggestions contact: jeff@gardenmedicinals.com For distribution information please contact: Cricket Rakita Carolina Farm Stewardship Association www.carolinafarmstewards.org www.savingourseed.org P.O. Box 448, Pittsboro, NC 27312 (919) 542-2402 or Jeff McCormack Garden Medicinals and Culinaries www.gardenmedicinals.com www.savingourseeds.org P.O. Box 320, Earlysville, VA 22936 (434) 964-9113 Seed Processing and Storage: Principles and Practices TABLE OF CONTENTS Principles of seed harvesting and processing..................................................................................... Seed harvesting and extraction.............................................................................................................. Harvesting..................................................................................................................................... Dry seed processing ................................................................................................................... Wet seed processing .................................................................................
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...The Truth About Philippine Mangoes 04/12/2011 by Vanjo Merano What is the first thing that comes in your mind when you hear the word “Mango”? If you will ask me that question, the first thing that I think of is the Philippines. In my opinion, I can say, Without any doubt, that the best mangoes that the world has ever tasted came from the Philippines. I know people from other mango producing countries will question my statement. However, I am confident to say that there is no other mango out there that can beat Philippine mangoes in terms of sweetness, sourness, size, and weight. I tried almost all the imported mango varieties here in the US — including local mangoes. They all taste different from the original Philippine Mango. There are even varieties here that says “Manila Mangoes” in the sticker, but the taste does not say so. There are many mango varieties in the Philippines. Champagne mango or Carabao mango is probably the most famous in terms of taste. This mango variety is the sweetest mango that I ever tasted. It is also the mango variety that the Philippines export to other countries. There are different strains (breed) produced from Carabao mango — one of which is called Sweet Elena. If I am not mistaken, this breed originated somewhere in Zambales. Sweet Elena mango is the sweetest that I ever had. It is probably the sweetest mango in the world. There are also the well loved Cebu and Guimaras mangoes which are of world class quality. Filipinos enjoy eating mango...
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...Health benefits of Mangoes * Mango fruit is rich in pre-biotic dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and poly-phenolic flavonoid antioxidant compounds. * According to new research study, mango fruit has been found to protect against colon, breast, leukemia and prostate cancers. Several trial studies suggest that polyphenolic anti-oxidant compounds in mango are known to offer protection against breast and colon cancers. * Mango fruit is an excellent source of Vitamin-A and flavonoids like beta-carotene, alpha-carotene,and beta-cryptoxanthin. 100 g of fresh fruit provides 765 mg or 25% of recommended daily levels of vitamin A. Together; these compounds are known to have antioxidant properties and are essential for vision. Vitamin A is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin. Consumption of natural fruits rich in carotenes is known to protect the body from lung and oral cavity cancers. * Fresh mango is a good source of potassium. 100 g fruit provides 156 mg of potassium while just 2 mg of sodium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. * It is also a very good source of vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin-C and vitamin-E. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals. Vitamin B-6 or pyridoxine is required for GABA hormone production within the brain. It also controls homocystiene...
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...Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning. _____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures. _____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place outside of participants' conscious awareness. _____ (S) Red impairs performance on achievement tasks, because red is associated with the danger of failure in achievement contexts and evokes avoidance motivation. _____ (T) All of these findings suggest that care must be taken in how red is used in achievement contexts and illustrate how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important influences on behavior. _____ (U) Indeed, startling findings occurred in regard to the relationship between red and performance attainment. 2,5,3,1,4 Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning. _____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures. _____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an IQ test)...
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...minimize pest damage and protect environmental resources. Red Root Rot a Late Season Disease of Corn * Roots and basal stalk tissue infected with red root rot characteristically have reddish-pink, rotted roots. * Stalks are weakened and susceptible to lodging. * Premature plant death is common and can occur quickly and yield losses can be as high as 15-20%. * Genetic resistance to red root rot is uncommon and breeding for disease resistance is difficult. Management Management options are limited. Crop rotation with a non-host such as soybean can provide some control.1 Genetic resistance has been difficult to incorporate into corn products, although the rate of disease development varies greatly between corn products. Research on inheritance of disease resistance indicates that it is a polygenic trait with additive gene action, which has complicated breeding efforts.1 Environmental stress during the season may contribute to disease infection and severity. Sap Beetles in Corn Sap beetles are considered minor pests of corn. Adults prefer to feed on corn kernels, ear tips, and stalks that have previously been injured by other insects such as corn earworm or corn borer larvae. Controlling corn ear pests should prevent sap beetles from becoming a problem. Damage Sap beetles are...
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...end to a still object such as a barn. When they were able to afford it, they bought a guitar which became more available around the year of 1900 when Roebuck and Sears started to sell cheap guitars via mail-order. A few preferred the banjo which is an old-style African instrument that numerous slaves of 19th-century played (Elmer, 1999 ). From the Rural South to the Urban North Throughout and after the World War I, numerous southern African Americans carried the blues towards the northern cities, particularly Chicago, which is the end of the Central Railroad line of Illinois where the population of African-Americans swelled from 40,000 in the year 1910 to 234,000 after twenty years .Many African Americans left the south, escaping the boll weevil, which is a bloodsucking worm that wasted the Delta cotton fields of Mississippi in 1915 and 1916. Others desired to leave the restraints of the farm system of sharecropping that had substituted the slavery of plantations in the south following the Civil War which tied numerous ex-slaves and their offspring to previous slave masters. Some travelled to be free from the restraints of crippling ethnic discrimination in the south. As told by Eddie Boyd who is a Delta-born pianist to the Living Blues, “I supposed of arriving to Chicago where I may possibly get away from racism and where I may devise an opportunity to, do something by the talent of mine. It was not peaches and cream, however it was a lot superior to down the place where I was...
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...THE CONCEPT OF PEST A pest can be defined as any organism which injures man, his property, or his environment, or which just causes him annoyance. Such organisms include principally certain insects, nematodes, fungi, weeds, birds and rodents, or any other terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life, or virus, bacteria, etc. In agriculture, concern is normally expressed when the damage done to a crop by a specific crop pest or a group of pests causes a loss in yield or quality because this would mean a reduction in profit. When a loss in yield reaches certain proportions, the pest can be designated an economic pest. According to Edward and Heath (1964), the pest status is reached when there is a 5 percent loss in yield in a particular crop. In pest management, the economic appraisal of the pest status and justification of the need to embark on control measures is defined in relation to the following concepts: economic damage, economic injury level and economic threshold. Economic damage can be defined as the amount of injury done to a crop that will justify the cost of artificial control measures. Economic injury level is the lowest pest population density that can cause economic damage, which will vary from crop to crop, season to season, and area to area. For practical purposes, there is an economic threshold defined by Stern et al. (1959) as the pest population density at which control measures should be initiated or started to prevent an ever increasing pest population from...
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...GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION) DIRECTORATE OF MARKETING & INSPECTION BRANCH HEAD OFFICE NAGPUR MRPC-70 1 POST-HARVEST PROFILE OF SUNFLOWER CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 2.0 Origin Importance 4-5 4 5 6-9 6 7 9 10-36 10 10 11 14 14 25 25 26 27 29 31 32 33 PRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 2.3 Major producing countries in the world Major producing states in India Zone-wise major commercial varieties 3.0 POST-HARVEST MANAGENENT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Post-harvest losses Harvesting care Post-harvest equipments Grading 3.4.1 Grade specifications 3.4.2 Adulterants and toxins 3.4.3 Grading at producers’ level and under Agmark 3.5 3.6 3.7 Packaging Transportation Storage 3.7.1 Major storage pests and their control measures 3.7.2 Storage structures 3.7.3 Storage facilities i) Producers’ storage ii) Rural godowns iii) Mandi godowns iv) Central Warehousing Corporation v) State Warehousing Corporations vi) Co-operatives 3.7.4 Pledge finance system 36 Page No. 2 4.0 MARKETING PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Assembling (Major assembling markets) 4.1.1 Arrivals 4.1.2 Despatches Distribution 4.2.1 Inter-state movement Export and import 4.3.1 Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary requirements 4.3.2 Export procedures Marketing constraints 37-45 37 38 39 39 39 40 43 44 45 46-48 46 48 50-53 54-56 54 55 55 56 58-63 58 61 63 66-68 66 68 70-71 72-73 5.0 MARKETING CHANNELS, COSTS AND MARGINS 5.1 5.2 Marketing channels...
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...Government of Uganda MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL INDUSTRY & FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCES ANNUAL REPORT 2010/2011 Final Draft i Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................... iv LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................... v FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTIONp .................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Vision of DFR .................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Mandate of DFR ............................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Functions of DFR ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Legal Policy and Institutional Framework ....................................................................... 6 2. CAPTURE FISHERIES ........................................................................................................... 7 2...
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...TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND SIX SIGMA Edited by Tauseef Aized Total Quality Management and Six Sigma http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2559 Edited by Tauseef Aized Contributors Aleksandar Vujovic, Zdravko Krivokapic, Jelena Jovanovic, Svante Lifvergren, Bo Bergman, Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu, Anisor Nedelcu, Erika Alves dos Santos, Mithat Zeydan, Gülhan Toğa, Johnson Olabode Adeoti, Andrey Kostogryzov, George Nistratov, Andrey Nistratov, Vidoje Moracanin, Ching-Chow Yang, Ayon Chakraborty, Kay Chuan Tan, Graham Cartwright, John Oakland Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained...
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