...languages in the world, a lot of native languages were lost a long the way - one of those languages being Welsh. Why and how this happened to particular Welsh is what Tom Law discusses in his article Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language from 2013. In this article Tom Law accuses the British Empire for being the cause of the people living in Wales and speaking Welsh dropping drastically during the last couple of 100 years. The cause of this being that England took over the Welsh school system and made teaching English a first priority and Welsh was being taught like German or French is taught in schools nowadays. "[Welsh] was treated the same as any other foreign language – like French or German. It gave you tourist Welsh – enough to ask directions to the nearest zoo in Colwyn Bay – and not much else.” Frustrated with how people today react when hearing about the Welsh losing their native language, Law makes up a fictional scenario where everybody speaks German instead of English. The people who still speak English are considered as being dumb or poor, and with no job prospects if you cannot speak German. Law does admit that this is a rather drastic example, “Now this all sounds absolutely nuts (…) But this is what has happened to Wales and the Welsh language over the past 150 years. It was done by England and it continues to tear the country apart, affecting every aspect of Welsh life.” He makes up this scenario for the English readers to see the situation from another point of view...
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...CALAMANSI (CITROFORTUNELLA MICROCARAPA), ONION (ALLIUM CEPA), CHILI (CAPSICUM FRETESCENS LINN) SUBSTITUTE AS COCKROACH KILLER A Science Investigatory Project ABSTRACT Title: CALAMANSI (CITROFURTUNELLA MICROCARPA) ONION (ALLIUM CEPA) CHILI (CAPSICUM FRETESCENS LINN) SUBSTITUTE AS COCKROACH KILLER This research was conducted to the feasibility of the Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa),Onion (Allium Cepa),Chili(Capsicum Fretescens Linn) of cockroach killer. There were only two trial done in the study to ensure the reliability of the results. It was conducted at Fabros’ residence. The experiment has 2 treatment. The 1st treatment shows the result when cockroaches were treated with the extract of Calamansi, Onion, and Chili with the given length of time. The 2nd treatment shows the result when cockroaches were treated with the commercial insecticide with the given length of time. Therefore the researchers accepts the hypothesis that Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa),Onion (Allium Cepa),Chili(Capsicum Fretescens Linn) are cockroach killer CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Cockroaches belong to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Anthropoda, Class Insecta and Order Blattaria. Cockroaches are one of the numerous species on the world. Some species are beneficial to the environment as important recyclers of decaying organic material. Cockroaches are attached to warm, moist environment. The pest cockroaches can be carries of various diseases because...
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...‘Industrialization saved the Welsh language.’ Discuss. By the mid-18th century, industrialisation closely followed by its unavoidable companion, urbanization had collided with Britain and continued to expand into the 19th and 20th centuries. The scale of the industrial revolution led to an amount of migration and indeed, immigration that had never occurred in Britain before. Pouring its way into the heart of Wales itself, the industrial development transported the English language into the Welsh valleys and forever left its impressions within the lands of the idyllic principality. Historians and researchers have encouraged many debates about whether the industrial revolution had a positive or negative effect on the Welsh language and these debates will undoubtedly last as long as the Welsh language itself. In order to fully comprehend the effects that industrialisation had on the Welsh language, one must first go back and understand what the Welsh language was before industrialisation. In 1801, the majority of Welsh people spoke Welsh, 90%, and 70% of these Welsh speakers were ‘monoglot’ Welsh who spoke only in the common tongue and knew no English. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, these figures were radically altered due a massive, 135% population increase from 1545 to 1801. However, depleting almost as quickly as they grew, these figures began their notable inclination as industrialisation began to perpetually inhibit the Welsh land. Welsh industrialisation arose...
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...Welsh is the oldest language in Britain starting back nearly 4,000 years. Most European languages including Welsh evolved from a language now referred to as Indo-European. The Indo-European language developed into nine different language groups, one of which was Celtic. From that, Celtic developed into its own family of languages, which included Welsh. With the emergence of the English empire, most people in Britain looked down on the Welsh residences, referred to them as ruckus rowdies, and definitely put them in a lower class than the citizens of Britain. The British started to influence the country, and made English the official language of the country. It got to the point that school children who only spoke Welsh were made to wear signs around their neck with the letters W N on them. This was to instruct teachers that these children were only to be spoken to in English and not Welsh. Welsh Not is what the letters stood for. (BBC, 2011) In the mid 1800’s, around 80 percent of people living in Wales were Welsh speakers. Very few of the residents spoke almost no English at all. As of 2001, according to the Census, 20.8% of people in Wales can speak Welsh. This is saying that only 580,000 in a country of only 3 million people aged three and above speak the language. Welsh was mainly only spoken in the smaller towns in the West and North West of Wales. When the language started disappearing amongst their citizens the government recognized that...
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...there is no job enrichment, as there once was, the workers are now complacent and less caring about their jobs. It is now a matter of getting the quantity to make numbers rather than the pride and quality of the work. The problem is not the mill or the new equipment, it is the behavioral attitudes the employees now have towards their work. It is not money or KITA that used to drive the workers it was pride; now the workers are de-motivated. The Welsh are no longer in shanties were they liked to work. Now they are forced to work in the mill, the place that they looked down upon, were the un-skilled Irishmen worked. Not only are the Welsh in a place that they are not content, they are now working side by side with the Irishmen. This was generally recognized that the Irish and Welsh did not get along. Why would this be a highly productive and happy place to work now? The Welsh have nothing to pride themselves on and they have a very bad place to work with the dust and noise. While the dust and noise is not as bad as most mills, the Welsh never had to deal with it in the first...
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...different the two cultures are, and longs after her home. Other themes of the story could be; arranged marriage and relationship problems, since Lata have become married to Anuj by arrangement of her father, and how they are having a tough time agreeing with each other since they both accustomed to two different cultures, Lata is of course accustomed to the Indian culture since she have lived there for her entire life, and Anuj, having lived in Wales for 6 years, has adopted the Welsh culture. Lata is a young woman probably in her 20s; at least I suspect she is due to the behaviour/thoughts she has and the fact that she has just gotten married to Anuj. She was raised in India and has lived there till she recently moved to Wales to get married to Anuj. She is not very fond of the British culture, which is seen in the story; she doesn’t bother to befriend the neighbours, and immediately thinks about how she almost knew everyone living around her in India. Also she turns down Anuj’s offer to her about eating at a Welsh restaurant. In Atlantic Wharf Lata truly realises how different the two cultures are, and it was an overall bad idea to go there. On the way to the theatre they encounter some teenage girls, in tiny skirts, tank tops, high heels etc. And this makes her feel like an old woman while wearing that sari of hers even though she wore it at their engagement. She misses her home and everything about it, and keeps thinking about her home, how good it was, and some of the memories she...
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...can feel proud, or at least can be sure, that they will get the chance to teach their language on to their children. This is one of the main themes in Tom Law’s article “Chachau Bant: Mind Your Language” from the sabotage times from 2013. In his article Law writes about how the English have completely smothered the Welsh language. In his article, Tom Law starts his article by telling the reader, the English speaker, that they do not understand the following problem: “it’s hard to give a toss about language when you’re an English speaker” (p. 1, ll. 1-2), but afterwards he tries to explains it, but with a little twist. Law sets up a scenario for the English speakers, where he starts out by letting the German take control of Europe and thereby making German the main language, this causes English to be inconvenient and therefore going extinct. This is Law’s way of explaining how English made the Welsh language a thing of the past. Law therefore uses pathos to make the English people feel what Welsh people have gone through. He gives them a scenario where they are the victims. Law also tells about how the school children got bullied and punished for speaking Welsh in the school, appealing to their sympatric side. “As a German speaker you’re sick of hearing theses people drone on about their language. You’re sick of them chuntering about Dickens and Keats and Dad’s Army and The Beatles and all the rest of the cultural twaddle that you don’t understand.” (p. 2, ll. 59-65) ...
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...her relationship with Anuj. When one faces an unfamiliar culture, one may become unconscious about one’s appearance and future life. The description above somehow indicates what Lata is going through when facing her new existence; “She walked to the window. The sky loomed large and grey over the chimney tops and television aerials. Lata missed the drama of colours played out in the sky. She observed it had been the same dull grey throughout the day. Just like the bed sheets back home - after they had come back from dhobi”. From this quote, one gets the impression that the Welsh weather acts like some kind of metaphor. Thus, it gives the reader an insight in Lata´s feelings and uncertainness about her new life. She is neither used to being a Welsh wife, nor is she enjoying her new existence. The weather definitely symbolizes Lata´s inner feelings; the grey colour tells that she does not find Welsh culture (and geography) appealing. She simply yearns for her former lifestyle in India. However; Lata´s culture; “In the darkened theatre, Anuj finished most of the popcorn. He thought the music was too loud, but the action was up to Hollywood...
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...Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language Through many years Great Britain has reigned and has been invincible, but on the cost of other people’s nativity. English became a widespread language, and everyone had to follow up. Which included the fall of other language and lives as they knew it. Soon everything they had known and built would be torn down, to build something knew. This resulted in feelings of mistreat, inequality and injustice. But are you supposed to just accept these changes, and abide the new rules? This is what Tom Law debates in his Article “Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language” from Sabotage Times website, December 17, 2013. This text centres about the fact that Britain has removed Welsh as the common language in Wales, and forced the English language on the people of Wales. This is of great disappointment for the writer Tom Law, even though he himself was born into the English Wales. Tom Law tries to create a picture for the reader, on how it would be if other countries experienced the same thing that happened to Wales, because ironically enough, England would never accept that kind of treatment. In his article, he uses history as a form of logos, given that the occurrence of what he is debating, has happened before. To do this, he has created to different kinds of parallels, or comparisons, to explain to the reader the dilemma that has happened in Wales. Firstly, he speaks of the time where Germany was on the edge of invading every single country with their language...
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...the oppression of the Welsh people that has been going on since the 1840’s. Tom Law talks about the way the English have oppressed the Welsh people, and robbed them of their language and their nationality. Tom Law is a Welsh writer and journalist, and has been raised in the reformed Wales, that is more English that Welsh nowadays. This article is written on the website Sabotage Times, which is known for its intent to create public debate. The fact that Tom Law is writing this article on a website like this shows us the intent with the article, to create a public debate about the oppression of Wales. Tom Law starts out the article by stating facts of the English language being superior to other languages in the world, and how the Language has helped civilize countries throughout the world. Tom Law then explains an unlikely scenario where the German language has become the main language in the European Union, and how English has become unnecessary. This is written in a way that will make the reader feel like the story could be true, and that way make the reader more alert for the following statements. In this article Tom Law uses repetition to get the reader to understand the context better, an example of this is “some bloke in Aberystwyth demanding a bi-lingual sign on his local fish and chip shop” and “some bloke in Altrincham moaning about the German signs on his local fish and chip shop”. These contrasts lets the average reader feel how the Welsh have felt for more than...
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...Irvine Welsh Irvine Welsh was born in Edinburgh in 1958. He lived in London after leaving school, but returned to his native city where he worked in the Council's housing department. He gained a degree in computer science and studied for an MBA at Heriot Watt University. His first novel, Trainspotting (1993), a blackly comic portrait of a group of young heroin users living in Edinburgh in the 1980s, was adapted as a film directed by Danny Boyle in 1996. The Acid House, a collection of short stories, was published in 1994 and was followed by Welsh's second novel, Marabou Stork Nightmares (1995), a harrowing stream-of-consciousness narrated by football hooligan Roy Strang. Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance, a collection of three novellas, was published in 1996, and a third novel, Filth, a vivid account of the violent adventures of a bigoted, racist and corrupt Scottish policeman, was published in 1998. Glue (2001), is the story of four boys growing up in an Edinburgh housing estate. Porno, a sequel to Trainspotting, was published in 2002. Welsh is also the author of two plays, Headstate (1994) and You'll Have Had Your Hole (1998). 4 Play, an omnibus edition of four stage adaptations of Welsh's fiction by Harry Gibson and Keith Wyatt, was published in 2001. His screenplay of The Acid House was directed for Channel 4 Films by Paul McGuigan (1998). His journalism includes a column for Loaded magazine and occasional articles for The Guardian. He is also a DJ and has recorded...
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...country is what helps to develop and maintain the countries culture, without the language the culture will not remain the same. In addition to that Law manages to discus the reasons behind the eradication of the Welsh language. This essay aims to analyse the reasons behind the use of history in the article through an understanding of the way in which Law draws in his audience through the tone and style used in the article. The topic that Tom Law covers in this article is of most interest to Welsh people, who still haven’t given in to the storm of the English implementation in Wales. He explains how English has become such a dominant language, to be exact the third most common language in the world, and how English speakers do not have to worry about losing their language “It’s hard to give a toss about language when you’re an English speaker. Because losing your language is not something you’ll ever have to worry about; thanks to the British Empire.” Compared to welsh that has slowly been drifting away for 150 years. When considering the fact that the reason behind the eradication of Welsh from the education system in Wales, was for all the wrong reasons, and the medias wrong portrayal of the situation that was going on at that time as Law describe it as “These were Welsh people joining together to fight against corruption, inequality and injustice. But they were portrayed in the London media as being a kind of sub-human rabble; wild and barbaric people who babbled and plotted...
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... Merlin is portrayed as an admirable character through his willingness to adapt to change. Merlin originally was forced out of his land and due to Camlach, who wanted to murder the child. At the tender age of twelve, Merlin was willing to change his entire lifestyle and leave his home to venture into the unknown, regardless of the risk. In fact, this risk is exemplified moments later, when he is captured by Ambrosius’ men, and it is admirable that despite those dangers, he left his home. However, such change is not only represented by his physical state of being, but an emotional state as well. Cerdic, Merlin’s servant, tells the child that the boy is a ring-dove, a cowardly bird that flees at the sign of danger rather than fight for itself. Though this may protect him, Merlin later sees a falcon defeat the dove, and realizes being a ring-dove is weak. From then on, he decides to respect the warrior spirit of a falcon; instead of running from conflict like the dove, he chooses to face it and fight it. This is quite admirable, because choosing to make this change is far more dangerous, and requires much confidence in oneself. Merlin’s acquiescence of change at the drop of a hat is quite admirable and pushes him to become a better person. Yet another one of Merlin’s most admirable traits is that he respects all people, regardless of their class. This is particularly shown in his treatment of his servants, Cerdic and Cadal, for despite Merlin’s royal parentage, he treats them as...
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...work was and what needed to be done to achieve it. With corporate restructuring and changes in hob duties, these employees are forced to work in a different set of circumstances. Confusion has caused difficulty in performing the job at the level it was previously performed. The high values that were shared within the work environment dissipated their shared culture. If one person fell behind, in the previous work environment, their team would help them catch up in their spare time. Currently, within the larger and more complex work environment, they now work with individuals they distrust, with equipment they feel does not represent quality work. The newly constructed work environment has removed their ability to communicate in the Welsh language they have always used. They are no longer able to assist each other or work in a clean environment. With the implementation...
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...‘film. There, she is confronted with ‘Welsh culture as she spots both young Welsh ‘girls and a diverse Welsh population ‘in the cinema hall. As ‘Lata and Anuj watch the movie, the ‘division ‘between the couple becomes increased. ‘She is quite attentive ‘when she discovers places within the ‘film which she knows from ‘her life in India. However, Anuj does not find ‘this thrilling. When the couple leaves the cinema; ‘Lata finally bursts into tears as she realises ‘that Cardiff is now her new home. Characterization of Lata and her relationship with Anuj. When one ‘faces an unfamiliar culture, one may become unconscious about one’s appearance and future life. The description above ‘somehow indicates what Lata is going through ‘when facing her new existence; “She walked to the window. ‘The sky loomed large and grey over the chimney ‘tops and television aerials. Lata missed the drama of ‘colours played out in the sky. She observed it had ‘been the same dull grey throughout the day. Just like the ‘bed sheets back home – after they had come ‘back from dhobi” From this quote, one gets ‘the impression that the Welsh weather acts ‘like some kind of metaphor. Thus, it gives the reader an insight ‘in Lata´s feelings and uncertainness about her new ‘life. She is neither used to being a Welsh wife, nor is ‘she enjoying her new existence. The weather definitely ‘symbolizes Lata´s inner feelings; the grey colour ‘tells that she does not find Welsh culture (and ‘geography) appealing. She...
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