...CHAPTER 10 Differential Cost Analysis This chapter deals with the use of differential cost analysis in financial management decision making situations. The basic premise of differential cost analysis is that different costs are treated differently in different financial management decision situations. Hence the name differential costs. Two major applications of differential cost analysis are presented. The first application is called break-even analysis. In break-even analysis, differential cost analysis is used to answer the question, How much service must a human service program provide during a fiscal year in order to recover its total costs? The second application can be called decrease/discontinue decisions. In these types of financial management decisions, differential cost analysis answers the question, What will be the effect on fixed and variable costs of a decision to reduce or discontinue a human service program? Some Concepts and Definitions Before proceeding to the discussion of the applications of differential cost analysis, some basic concepts and definitions need to be introduced including fixed costs, variable costs, step costs, maximum efficiency, and surplus capacity. Fixed Costs and Variable Costs In Chapter 8 the concepts of direct and indirect costs were introduced as part of the discussion of cost analysis. As was noted in Chapter 8, the full cost, or total cost, of a human service program is the sum of its direct costs and indirect costs...
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...Module 4 Project 1- Out line Amy Vinson Lyme Disease: Historic time line: 1909- Swedish physician Arvid Afxelus observes a bull's eye rash around a patient's tick bite. 1930-1940- Swedish dermatologist Sven Hellerstrom links erythema migrans to meningitis in multiple patients. 1970- First U.S. Case of erythema migrans reported in Milwaukee, Wis. 1975- Reseachers link juvenile arthritis cases in Lyme, Conn. To tick bites. 1977- Yale rheumatologist Allen Steere provides the first definitive account of the disease 1980- The CDC begins to monitor the spread of Lyme Disease 1982- Zoologist and microbiologist Willy Burgdorfer of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Rock Mountain Lab, Mont., isolates the bacterium that causes Lyme Disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. The CDC reports 492 cases of Lyme Disease. 1984- Westchester County, NY declares a Lyme epidemic 1988- CDC reports 4,572 Lyme cases 1991- CDC requires state and local health departments nation wide to collect and verify data on Lyme infections 1994- CDC adopts two-step test standard to diagnose Lyme Disease. 1998- CDC records 16,802 cases of Lyme. Drugmaker SmithKline Beecham begins marketing Lymerix vaccine. 2002- The maker of Lymerix withdrawals the vaccine from the market after controversy over alleged side effects undercuts demand. 2006- Infectious Diseases Society of America publishes Lyme guidelines that find no convincing scientific evidence for the existence...
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...Executive summary Strategic management is the process in which the top management in a company or organization formulates and implements major goals on behalf of the company owners. This is mainly done by consideration of the resources available at the organization’s disposal and the internal and external environmental factors under which the company exists and competes with other companies (Cole, 1997). For the healthcare providers that are facing financial challenges in the sector, consolidation and cooperation seems to the new way out. Various healthcare providers throughout New Yolk city are merging with other healthcare providers so as to ensure that they survive the harsh economic times. However consolidation was not only for the hospitals but physicians and other groups within the healthcare sector were also expected to merge in order to survive ('market overview', 2013). Others are also opting for other means to ensure accountability in the sector. These measures include bundled payment programs and patient-centered medical homes. Other large healthcare facilities are also shifting from inpatient health services to ambulatory care facilities so as to diversify their services and stay ahead of competition. Due to the introduction of New Yolk state’s health insurance exchange, approximately 1 million state residents were expected to enroll. However by early December 2013 approximately 90,000 residents had enrolled. This was a clear indication of the positivity healthy insurance...
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...Business Research Report E-Commerce Division Entry Elements Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 4 Effective Website Design 4 Reputation Management 5 Impact to Brick-and-Mortar 5 Recommendations 5 Conclusion 6 References 7 Executive Summary The e-commerce program has initiated preliminary steps to resolve the resources, elements and lines of business required to begin planning. The e-commerce division entry elements report contains critical factors pertaining to selling, controlling and managing the online business presence. The elements are not comprehensive of all aspects of planning a new line of business. The findings here are a summarization of necessary building blocks to a successful expansion. An effective website design is the most elementary, imperative piece of the expansion. The website is the company’s image, reliability, salesman, quality and storefront. The company can fail at other components but this one. Reputation management is the control of the company brand and standing. Internally controlled systems allow for customization of that direction but a multichannel approach will achieve higher satisfaction results if including third party handlers. The impact to brick-and-mortar operations contains a reduction in sales volume. However, the value to the company of the enlarged market, expected revenue gain and scalability is high and manageable. The recommendation...
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...John Wiley & Sons, Inc. David L. Kurtz University of Arkansas Louis E. Boone University of South Alabama BUSINESS 14TH EDITION Contemporary . . . at the speed of business “The 14th edition of Contemporary Business is dedicated to Joseph S. Heider, who brought me to John Wiley & Sons. Thank you, Joe.” —Dave Vice President & Executive Publisher Acquisitions Editor Assistant Editor Production Manager Senior Production Editor Marketing Manager Creative Director Senior Designer Text Designer Cover Designer Production Management Services Senior Illustration Editor Photo Editor Photo Researcher Senior Editorial Assistant Executive Media Editor Media Editor George Hoffman Franny Kelly Maria Guarascio Dorothy Sinclair Valerie A. Vargas Karolina Zarychta Harry Nolan Madelyn Lesure 4 Design Group Wendy Lai Elm Street Publishing Services Anna Melhorn Hilary Newman Teri Stratford Emily McGee Allison Morris Elena Santa Maria This book was set in Janson TextLTStd-Roman 10/13 by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company, Chennai, India and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons. The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley & Sons. This book is printed on acid free paper. ∞ Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live...
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...Indian Ethos and Values Ethical Dilemmas faced by Pepsi Co. INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY, GURGAON SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: Swati Khandelwal Ms. Monica Bhardwaj PGPM (2012) (Module Leader) Executive Summary: This assignment is all about the business ethics and ethical dilemma. I have taken a case of PepsiCo. It is a high brand company. When it was heavily criticized about pesticides in soft drink. PepsiCo has to take the decision whether to continuously earn profit and not think about the society, their customer who believes more of that company or to think what can be done under that issue to resolve it, taken as their morale values and ethics into consideration. After study about the decision and their impact I analyses that the decision taken by the PepsiCo at the time of Ethical dilemma and the impact of the company is for the benefit of the society and the Stakeholders. INTRODUCTION Ethics and ethical Dilemma Ethics concern attempt to distinguish ‘right’ from ‘wrong’, ‘good’ from ‘bad’, and what constitutes desirable conduct in a particular set of circumstances (Ghosh, 2006). The concept of ethics comes from the Greek word, “ethos” that means both an individual’s character and a community’s culture. In the...
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...Department of Finance 515 North Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 Howard Rattner Commissioner Tel (914) 654-2063 Fax (914) 654-2344 Writer’s Tel (914) 654-2353 Mark Zulli Deputy Commissioner City of New Rochelle New York REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL Specification No. 4731 CONSULTING SERVICES for DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PERMITTING and CONSTRUCTION COORDINATION of the CITY (FLOWERS) PARK ATHLETIC COMPLEX 1) INTENT The City of New Rochelle is soliciting proposals from qualified firms to provide consulting and engineering design services for the renovations and expansion of facilities located at the City (Flowers) Park athletic complex, located on Fifth Avenue, New Rochelle, NY. 2) PROPOSAL DUE DATE Proposals will be accepted up until 3:00 pm on December 12, 2007 in the Purchasing Office, City of New Rochelle, City Hall, 515 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801 and should be mailed to the attention of Mark Zulli, Deputy Finance Commissioner. Please include “RFP-NR-4731” on the outside mailing label of your response package. 3) OVERVIEW The project goals include the renovation/replacement, relocation, construction and expansion of five athletic fields within an existing athletic complex. The major change will be the relocation of the current 90’ baseball field, focusing on improved orientation with the creation of a regulation sized baseball stadium with lights, artificial turf, grandstands and a field house. Repositioning a lighted adult softball field to standard 300’ foul line dimensions...
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...JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY Providence, Rhode Island ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: Automobile insurance Industry Course: MGMT 6800 Yimeng Zhang October 4, 2014 Automobile insurance Industry- Environmental Analysis The motor vehicle insurance, refers to a kind of commercial insurance that offer liable for compensation to life or personal injury or property damage caused by motor vehicles due to natural disasters or accidents. Car insurance is a kind of property insurance. In the field of property insurance, motor insurance belongs to the young categories of insurance. This is because the car insurance comes and develops with the emergence and popularity of the car and. 1. Strategically Relevant Factors in the Macro-Environment-PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis focuses on the six principal components of strategic significance in the macro-environment: political factors, economic conditions, sociocultural forces, technological factors, (natural) environmental forces, and legal/regulatory factors. These are the significance factors of one industry varies and management will focus primarily on those with the greatest effect on their company. The most important factor in the vehicle insurance industry is Economic Factors. a. Political and legal factors The Automobile Insurance industry does not receive any direct assistance from the federal government in the form of tariffs. However, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) provides a forum...
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...CHAPTER 27 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Only in recent decades have federal and state judicial decisions, administrative agency actions, and legislation restricted the ability of employers, as well as unions, to discriminate against workers on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, or handicap. This chapter concludes the discussion of the law relating to the employer-employee relationship by focusing on employment discrimination and related areas. The approach examines two spheres of this topic. First, the statutory framework for a number of federal laws is examined. Not surprisingly, the first statute addressed is Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This statue covers discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, and religion. Following the presentation of Title VII, the chapter discusses the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. A discussion of the legal aspects of harassment concludes the chapter. A class of persons defined by one or more of these criteria is known as a protected class. Several federal statutes prohibit employment discrimination against members of protected classes. The most important is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments. Title VII prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or gender. Discrimination on the basis of age and disability are prohibited by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967...
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...Resarch Paper Virgin Group Jonas Rosario-Lora Table of Contents Executive Summary3-4 Literature Review4 Bullets A-C4-12 Discussion 12-17 Conclusion17-18 Reference18-22 Executive Summary The matter of this company is to observer there recent change, and how we can identify the change the organizational change. Using the company’s management models, leadership styles and strategic management change, to figure out if the change is making the company profitable. Can the company sustain the change process and fit best with the condition without having resistance in change to hurt the company. Virgin America is in the verge of losing it’s shareholders and investor, since the day it lunch in 2007 and the following four years the company has been losing over 395million dollars. There Expenses are lower than the main airline carriers, primarily, it’s not inexpensive sufficiently to participate rivalry against competitors like JetBlue or Spirit. Virgin America has been embraced to create a honest low- cost structure, While it’s competitors have reduced their cost structure significantly, customers are not eager to pay a high premium to have the ability to enjoy TV on there flights and have a free checked bag “which is why JetBlue will likely be charging for the first bag soon”. There mission statement is to rethinking what it means to fly economy, by producing the leading low-cost luxury airline. The company established an impressive goal, to create the procedure...
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...Plastic Bags Don’t Suit You: A campaign to reduce plastic bag use Plastic bags, invented in the 1930s, were first introduced to super markets in 1977. In the following decades, they have spread all over the world. Currently, almost 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide every year (Warner, 2010). This waste can be considered as a symbol of consumerism. Meanwhile, it’s also the evidence of our ignoring the environment. In the past half century, efforts have been made to reduce or even eliminate the use of plastic bags. Until now, the global use of plastic bags has been on the rise, according to The Culvert Chronicles (2011). That’s why this national campaign needs to be launched. It’s time to declare a war against the plastic bags. And with the assistance of multiple cognitive theories, it’s not hard to win this war. Harm of massive plastic bag use Plastic bags are usually made from oil. In the US alone, an estimate that about 12 million barrels of oil were needed to meet the US citizens’ needs of 100 billion plastic bags in the year 2001 (Jenkins, 2011). And if we think about the global situation, the oil consumption resulted from modern society’s addiction to single-use plastic bags can be a major contributor to global warming (Khoo, H.H., & Tan, R.B.H., 2010). Moreover, oil is not renewable, and our attempts of finding new alternative energy haven’t been proved effective so far. Both manufacturing and recycling plastic bags generates toxic gases, like compounds of...
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... and Hong Kong. The company serves the world's largest 5000 companies. Datamonitor's premium reports are based on primary research with industry panels and consumers. We gather information on market segmentation, market growth and pricing, competitors and products. Our experts then interpret this data to produce detailed forecasts and actionable recommendations, helping you create new business opportunities and ideas. Our series of company, industry and country profiles complements our premium products, providing top-level information on 10,000 companies, 2,500 industries and 50 countries. While they do not contain the highly detailed breakdowns found in premium reports, profiles give you the most important qualitative and quantitative summary information you need - including predictions and...
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...wiL1084x_fm_i-xxiv_1.indd Page i 1/10/11 7:53:00 PM user-f499 /Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHBR231:Wild:203 Managerial Accounting John J. Wild University of Wisconsin at Madison Ken W. Shaw University of Missouri at Columbia 3 rd edition wiL1084x_fm_i-xxiv_1.indd Page ii 1/10/11 9:14:31 PM user-f499 /Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHBR231:Wild:203 To my students and family, especially Kimberly, Jonathan, Stephanie, and Trevor. To my wife Linda and children, Erin, Emily, and Jacob. MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright 2012, 2010, 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811084-9 MHID 0-07-811084-X Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon Editorial director: Stewart Mattson Publisher: Tim...
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...Office of the New York State Comptroller Division of Local Government and School Accountability LOCAL GOVERNMENT M ANAGEMENT GUIDE Management’s Responsibility for Internal Controls Thomas P. DiNapoli State Comptroller For additional copies of this report contact: Division of Local Government and School Accountability 110 State Street, 12th floor Albany, New York 12236 Tel: (518) 474- 4037 Fax: (518) 486- 6479 or email us: localgov@osc.state.ny.us www.osc.state.ny.us October 2010 Table of Contents Who’s Responsible.............................................................................................................. 2 The Origin - Committee of Sponsoring Organizations ......................................................... 4 Integrated Internal Control Framework - The Big Picture ..................................................... 5 The Five Essential Elements of the Internal Control Framework ........................................... 6 Limitations of Internal Controls ..........................................................................................15 The Impact of Information Technology ...............................................................................16 The Role of Internal Auditors and Audit Committees ..........................................................17 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 20 Additional Resources...
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...Chapter 6: Communication Chapter Outline 1. Introduction of topics and concepts to be discussed in the chapter. a. Mission b. Principles i. Customer Focus ii. Leadership Commitment iii. Inclusion of Communications in Planning and Operations iv. Information Collection, Analysis and Dissemination v. Media Partnership c. Conclusion 2. Case Studies a. Risk Communication During the Washington D.C. Sniper Crisis b. The Homeland Security Advisory System c. A Comparison of Leadership Between Two Outbreaks of Smallpox in the United States: New York City, 1947, and Milwaukee, 1894 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. Washington, DC Sniper c. Homeland Security Advisory System d. Smallpox Outbreaks 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction Communications has become an increasingly critical function in emergency management. The dissemination of timely and accurate information to the general public, elected and community officials and the media plays a major role in the effective management of disaster response and recovery activities. Communicating preparedness, prevention and mitigation information promotes actions that reduce the risk of future disasters. Communicating policies, goals and priorities to staff, partners and participants enhances support and promotes a more efficient disaster...
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