...of vaccinations has deeply affected the occurrence of many types of infectious diseases. Without the use of vaccines, the death rate from viruses and diseases would be extremely high. Due to a new strain of avian flu has formulated in China, I suggest that a vaccine should become mandatory in this United States in order to stop this virus from becoming a pandemic. It is important to remember the impact of what vaccines have done, how productive and unproductive our immune system are against infectious diseases, and the effectiveness of vaccines that has stopped our country from encountering a pandemic. The impact of vaccines caused some diseases to eradicate from the world. The last occurrence case of Smallpox was in 1977, and vaccination against smallpox stopped. The last occurrence of Polimyelitis in the United States was in 1979 and it is on the verge on eradicating. Because so many babies are born every day in the United States, it is still a need to continue vaccinating the population. There is a continuing threat that still exists from importation of diseases from other countries. Our immune system is a complex system consisting of interacting cells whose primary purpose is to identify antigens. However our bodies are not capable of fighting every virus or disease it encounters. Once a person encounters a certain disease or virus, the antibodies are stored and if the person encounters the disease again, they would have the antibodies to fight it off. The problem that...
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...States originally began at the local level in colonial times. The federal statutes came into existence at approximately the same time (1796). Later the federal statute was replaced by maritime quarantine inspection system (JAMA, 286/21/2711. downloaded 06/15/09). A far cry from the operations in place for quarantine and isolation in modern society, the institutions of the past, run by the local governments, consisted of, what was known as pest houses. People with contagious diseases were isolated in these institutions to prevent the spread of such diseases as, cholera, smallpox, typhoid, or yellow fever. Pest houses functioned mainly in seaport areas to prevent disease from entering the large cities. Contagious-disease and tuberculosis hospitals were to become the next means of infection control, and are the predecessors of the modern quarantine and isolation practices used today. Quarantine and Isolation are the most common public health strategies used to protect the general public by reducing and preventing the exposure, and spread of deadly, or infectious agents. Medical quarantine and isolation safeguards and prevention practices of today have evolved into strategic operations that are well planned, well designed, with a defined organizational structure that strives to meet the needs of public infection control. The federal, state and local governments each have their own authority, but sometimes these powers overlap and require cooperation, and coordination of efforts between...
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...What is BILL GATES BIGGEST FEAR? Nuclear Warfare, Terrorism, Climate Change? ISIS? Al Qaeda? The North Korean Army? No It is in fact a collective of people far closer to home. You work, learn and eat with them every single day. They are uninformed and dangerous..their name? Anti Vaxxers. Yes, the biggest threat to our society is in fact these seemingly innocuous modern hippys. Anti-Vaxxers choose to expose their children to deadly preventable diseases because they believe that those vaccines cause autism. This makes sense because you know, autism is transmitted through things like kissing, sharing toilet seats, and getting vaccinated against diseases that could have wiped us all out except they didn’t because some kick-ass motherfucker...
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...Firstly I will start on why we should vaccinate our children and ourselves in the first place and that’s simple, vaccines are one of the best ways to protect ourselves and children from some of the world’s most infectious diseases some of these are; Measles & mumps, Rubella, Chicken Pox, influenza, Hepatitis B. People vaccinating has helped Small Pox be eradicated, Polio be reduced to only a few small isolated cases If vaccinations have caused these medical break throughs then why are people starting to choose not to vaccinate their kids?, these anti-Vaxxers are rapidly appearing on social media, blogs and even the news, they take to social media to preach their views on why THEY think vaccinations are doing more harm than good, their main reason is that they believe that...
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...economical, political, and environmental impact of the issue and solutions provided (5) Final recommendation- If we force kids to stay in school up until their 16 then hwy is it wrong to force them to get vaccinated, especially considering the fact that vaccinations are beneficial Slide 1 Should we force students to be immunized in schools? -Many diseases are spread due to contact with an infected person. -Schools are the perfect spreading grounds for infections -Incidence of common childhood illnesses such as polio, measles, tetanus, etc has significantly declined since the advent and use of vaccines. These diseases are unheard of nowadays. Picture of polio in africa eradication Pictures of polio graphs Slide 2 What are vaccines / how do they work? -Vaccine: a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. -Vaccines are a safe and cost-effective way to maintain public health and prevent diseases. -Discovered by Edward Jenner more than 200 years ago -Several ways of developing a vaccine -Possible options are to: Inactivate the virus, weaken the virus, use part of the virus/bacteria. Can be injected or induced orally. -Another option is to not get vaccinated, however this is not the smartest option. Slide 3 Possible side effects and disadvantages ...
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...I. Appendix With the outbreak of globalization, the movement of goods, information, and people has been made fairly easy. Unfortunately, however, the movement of infections and diseases has also been made easy. Due to the fact that our world has become very interconnected, multiple organizations have come about to aid these transfers, be it the transfer of information, or public health. One of these organizations is the World Health Organization, a coordinating authority for health was created in parallel to the United Nations and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. In the 19th Century, there was a massive eruption of diseases, most importantly the cholera epidemic. All around Europe, countries were pushing towards an international health convention to try to address the issues at hand, and while many conventions were finally held, there needed to be something more global to set things right. After the First World War plagued the world, the League of Nations came about and created several agencies to help in aiding the world. One of those agencies was the League of Nations Health Organization. The Health Organization was primarily made to control diseases and try to prevent them. However, their successes came to a halt when the second World War broke out. In 1945, when the war had already ended, the United Nations came about and replaced the former League of Nations. The 61 members of the United Nations all signed the constitution of the World Health Organization in 1946...
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...interest to disclose. The planners of the educational activity have no conflicts of interest to disclose. (Conflict of Interest Definition: Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect Education content about products or services of a commercial interest with which he/she has a financial relationship.) There is no commercial support being used for this course. Participants are advised that the accredited status of RN.com does not imply endorsement by the provider or ANCC of any products/therapeutics mentioned in this course. The information in the course is for educational purposes only. There is no “off label” usage of drugs or products discussed in this course. Acknowledgements RN.com acknowledges the valuable contributions of… Material protected by Copyright …The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (www.cdc.gov), the key government agency responsible for disseminating knowledge about various biological agents. …U.S. Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRRID). USAMRRID spearheads efforts to protect service members from biological threats. Its efforts are well known and utilized by the civilian population. USAMRRID is located at Fort Detrick, Maryland. …Nadine Salmon, RN, BSN, IBCLC is the Clinical content Specialist for RN.com. Nadine earned her BSN from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. She worked as a...
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...vaccines. People get vaccines to protect themselves from harmful diseases like polio, smallpox, and the measles. Now parents are starting not to vaccinate their children because they fear the vaccines. When vaccines were first introduced people went to get them right away because they knew the terrible results those diseases can bring. Now those diseases are gone, and parents do not know what they can do to a child. Although some may argue that vaccinating babies and young children is a bad idea, it is actually good because it protects others, prevents outbreaks, and they are not harmful to most children. Vaccines have been around for a while. The word vaccine...
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...used to help better understand a diseases process, how they work, and how they are transmitted. This helps us to better treat the disease. The process of epidemiology is lengthy but must be followed accurately to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiology is used when a new disease is found and when a disease reappears in high numbers. A common disease in the elderly is congestive heart failure (CHF). The epidemiology process can be used to better understand the disease, what causes it and how to treat it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations, such as surveillance and descriptive studies that can be used to study distribution and analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2011). Epidemiology tries to determine what causes disease and what people can do to prevent disease. Epidemiology was first used when scientists tried to discover causes of diseases, such as smallpox and polio (Cornell University, 1993). Epidemiology is no longer limited to transmissible diseases. Epidemiology usually cannot prove a cause of a disease; it can only show certain risk factors that correlate with a higher rate of a specific disease. For example, epidemiology could...
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...essential to our overall wellbeing. Public health is much bigger than taking care of ourselves and doing what we need to do to have proper hygiene and good health. To understand what public health truly is, we must look at the definition, how it has developed over the years and what types of jobs contribute to public health. What is Public Health? Over the years the definition of Public Health has changed many times; however the most recent definition of Public Health is “the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases. (CDC Foundation, 2016). No matter how many definitions there have been or will be, each person and community have their focus on one or many areas of public health. For some, it may be vaccinations and for others, it may be proper sanitation. No matter you live or what your lifestyle is, public health affects everyone. Public health professionals work to prevent or stop recurring issues from happening by “implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services and conducting research (CDC Foundation, 2016). The overall purpose of public health is to promote, prevent and improve the health of all individuals, young to old, through healthy lifestyles, disease research, injury prevention and detection, as well as control of infectious diseases (Riegelman, (2015). Historical Development of Public Health 19th-Century Even though public health...
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...Most people know that thanks to immunization through vaccination some diseases like smallpox or polio have been eradicated in the world or like whooping cough, measles and mumps have been eradicated in the United States since in most cases a vaccine provides protection for the rest of their lives, but nowadays these diseases that were eradicated in the US are coming back because some parents are skipping their children’s shots. This video shows how parents are afraid of what vaccines can do to their kids. In the video a mom says, “You are injecting a substance into your child, so I think it's very natural to wonder whether that substance might actually be doing harm.” And I agree with her, parents should know what substance is being injected...
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...essential to our overall wellbeing. Public health is much bigger than taking care of ourselves and doing what we need to do to have proper hygiene and good health. To understand what public health truly is, we must look at the definition, how it has developed over the years and what types of jobs contribute to public health. What is Public Health? Over the years the definition of Public Health has changed many times; however the most recent definition of Public Health is “the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases. (CDC Foundation, 2016). No matter how many definitions there have been or will be, each person and community have their focus on one or many areas of public health. For some, it may be vaccinations and for others, it may be proper sanitation. No matter you live or what your lifestyle is, public health affects everyone. Public health professionals work to prevent or stop recurring issues from happening by “implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services and conducting research (CDC Foundation, 2016). The overall purpose of public health is to promote, prevent and improve the health of all individuals, young to old, through healthy lifestyles, disease research, injury prevention and detection, as well as control of infectious diseases (Riegelman, (2015). Historical Development of Public Health 19th-Century Even though public health...
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...What is a virus and how does it work? Before you read about vaccines you should have a little bit of an informational back around of what the vaccine was invented for; and that can also be known as a virus. A virus is a small infectious agent that can reproduce only surrounded by the cells of other organisms. There an epic debate in the sicftic community on where they alive or not most believe they are not because are not made of cells, cannot reproduce on their own, do not grow or undergo division , do not transform energy , lack machinery for protein, synthesis are so small that they can only be seen with an electron microscope. Viruses are composed of nucleic acid, proteins and, in some cases, lipids as well. Nucleic acid, which can be either DNA or RNA, encodes the genetic information that is necessary to make copies of the virus. Often viruses can be passed on by touching , Body fluids such as blood, saliva and semen can contain the infecting organisms and transmission of such fluids, for example by injection or sexual contact, is important, particularly for viral infections like hepatitis or AIDS. How do vaccines work? During the small pox epidemic Mr. Edward Jenner noticed that the milk maids who caught the cowpox virus didn’t catch smallpox. Later in 1796 he created a small serum with a weaker form of the small pox virus the (ect. The Cow Pox) so that the body knew to recognize the virus before it did any major damage. Mr. Jenner’s pioneer vaccine had opened the...
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...reliant * Pacific coast * Great lakes * Great plains How did hgf peoples obtain food? Some consequences * Mobility * Seasonality of food * Annual migration cycles * Wild plants and animals * Lack of domestication=reduced disease resistance * Acquired immunity * Genetic immunity How did this subsistence strategy structure society? * Clan size=small * Flat social structure=not hierarchical * Kinship unites bands * Loose affiliations * Gendered division of labor * Usufruct property rights=right to use, not to own How did Pawnee Indians rely on hgf lifeways? Where did Plains people come from? * Clovis peoples arrive on Plains 9,000 BC * Plains people/culture emerge from these early arrivals * Simultaneously other culture groups emerge across the Americas * Each defined by culture, language, geographic boundaries, etc How did the Plains peoples mode of production develop? * 9000 BC = Climate Warms * Bison hunting flourishes on Plains > plainsmen culture * 5000-2500 BC=Drought * plainsmen abandon plains. Move west to rocky mountains * 500 BC-AD 1000 * emergence of eastern plains what peoples and cultures over time emerged on the plains? How did the Pawnee arrive in the Loup Valley? * AD 1200-Pawnee ancestors migrate east during dry period from high plains to Loup Valley * Maintain...
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...understand vaccines and what their benefits and risks are. Most believe that the benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks but some still have doubts and some very rare cases of vaccines causing disease have added to this doubt. This paper explores the world of vaccines in an effort to educate the less knowledgeable. Research Findings Introduction The history of vaccines begins with the long history of infectious disease in humans, and usually it is reported that the origin goes back as far as Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, 400 B.C. He described diphtheria, mumps, and epidemic jaundice among other conditions (Hussein, et al. 2015). The earliest methods of immunization and protection against smallpox dates back to about 1000 A.D., and are attributed to the Chinese. It has been said that the son of a Chinese statesmen was inoculated against smallpox by blowing powdered smallpox sores into his nostrils. Another way of inoculation was the removal of fluid from the sores of an infected person and then rubbing it into a cut or scratch of a healthy individual. It took almost six centuries for variolation to be introduced to Great Britain in 1721. The method of variolation had low yet significant death rates; therefore, doctors and physicians were on the quest to find a new and safer method of immunization with minimal to no death rates. An English physician by the name of Edward Jenner searched for a cure to smallpox, a debilitating disease that rendered the world...
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