...BIO 182 LAB SIGN OFF PAGE — LESSON 13 Name _______________________________ Please staple all of your lab pages for this Lesson together with this page as the top. You will use this page to get your Labs for Lesson 13 signed off by the Biology Learning Center staff. You need to have all of the following steps initialed by a staff member before you can receive your 15 labs points for Lesson 13 and be allowed to take Exam 7. After you have obtained all of your sign offs for this Lesson, be sure that a BLC staff member indicates on your Lab Card that you have completed all the Labs. Also, keep this sign off page, along with your completed lab worksheets, as proof of your lab completion If your Lab Card indicates that you have not completed the required Labs for this Lesson and you believe that you have, it is up to you to provide proof that you have indeed completed the Labs. Keep this page! __________ Lesson 13, Step 3A: Ecobeaker: Isle Royale (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 3B: Ecobeaker: Isle Royale (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 3C: Ecobeaker: Isle Royale (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 3D: Ecobeaker: Isle Royale (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 4A: Ecobeaker: Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 4B: Ecobeaker: Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (in BLC) Lesson 13, Step 4C: Ecobeaker: Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (in BLC) __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ *BLC Staff: After the student receives his/her last initial on this...
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...1a. Suppose a single bacterium is placed in a flask that contains lots of food for bacteria. In this flask, each bacterium grows and divides in two every 30 minutes. Therefore, the number of bacteria in the population doubles every 30 minutes. How many bacteria do you think there willbe by 5 hours after the single bacterium is placed in the flask (just guessing)? ______ 1b. Complete the table to calculate how many bacteria there will be at each time. 1 bacterium at the beginning = 0 minutes bacteria by 30 minutes bacteria by 1 hour bacteria by 1 hour and 30 minutes bacteria by 2 hours bacteria by 2 hours and 30 minutes bacteria by 3 hours bacteria by 3 hours and 30 minutes bacteria by 4 hours bacteria by 4 hours and 30 minutes bacteria by 5 hours 2.Plot the number of bacteria at each time; connect the points to show the population growth. Number of Bacteria Time (hours) 3a. How long would it take for the population of bacteria to increase from 1 bacterium to 500 bacteria? 3b. How long would it take for the population to increase from 500 bacteria to 1000 bacteria? Notice that, when a population doubles in each time interval, the number of bacteria in the population increases faster and faster as the population gets larger. This kind of population growth is called exponential population growth. 4.For these bacteria, population growth can be represented by the mathematical equation: ΔN = N, where • N is the number of bacteria at...
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...Human populations are governed by these same variables. In this laboratory, you will use models of population growth to understand how population growth is affected by changes in b and d, and why the actual values of b and d are important. You will also explore some dimensions of human impacts on the environment. A model is a mathematical description of how one thinks a system works. For a population growing at a constant rate, where b and d never change, an appropriate model for population growth is the exponential growth model: dN/dt = rN where r = b – d, assuming that immigration and emigration are negligible. This is a density-independent model since neither b nor d change with increasing population size. Conversely, the logistic model is a density-dependent model, where b and d change with changes in the population size: dN/dt = rN [(K-N)/K] where K = carrying capacity of the environment. In this lab you will use a simple Excel spreadsheet model to explore how population size (N) changes as b and d change under the two different growth models, exponential and logistic. The spreadsheets have areas that you cannot change (where the actual equations are stored). But there are also areas where you can enter numbers and see how population growth changes. You will simulate: (1) exponential growth, (2) classical logistic growth (density-dependent growth with N approaching K in a smooth, controlled manner), (3) growth of an unstable population, and (4)...
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...Question 1. What is the effect of changing lambda (λ) in the discrete model, and r in the continuous model? What is the effect of changing N0 in both models? (2 marks) When in discrete mode, a change in lambda (λ) will change the growth rate of the species. If λ increases, so does the growth rate and if λ decreases, as will the growth rate. However, the growth rate only increases if the number is above 1. 1 itself indicates no growth and below one is negative growth. The same principle applies to r. However, as apposed to 1, 0 is no growth while below 0 and above 0 is negative and positive growth, respectfully. Figure 1 and 2 show a stable, increasing and decreasing population for both continuous and discrete growth. Question 2. What are the differences between the discrete and continuous models of population growth? (2 marks) Discrete growth shows a type of growth in populations that have seasonal breeding seasons (Alstad, 2001). This means the percentage increase can be added after the season to the group. Continuous growth means that the growth of the population is continuously growing without seasons and has overlapping generations. An example of discrete growth is figure 1 and continuous growth in figure 2. Figure 1 Note that the dots are the changes in population after the previous, this graph could also show horizontal lines from one dot to the point in t matches with the above dot. The vertical line from the horizontal dot and dot further along t show the change...
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...small enough to allow scientist to keep track of all of the wolves and most the moose on the island in any given year. 3. What is carrying capacity? Carrying capacity is the maximum, equilibrium number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment. 4. What types of organisms are more likely to follow an exponential growth curve (refer to week 5 textbook readings and lecture notes)? 5. What types of organisms are more likely to follow a logistic growth curve (refer to week 4 textbook readings and lecture notes)? Start EcoBeaker Virtual Labs and load the “Isle Royale” lab. Just like with the Keystone Predator lab it is recommended you print out and fill in your answers on the work book, then just type the requested answers onto this assignment. Exercise I Make sure you follow directions carefully. Insert your workbook answers below. 5.1. What is the approximate size of the stable moose population? 720 5.2. What was the maximum size the moose population attained? 970 5. The moose population grew fastest when it was a. Smallest b. medium-sized c. largest 6. Based on your graph, what is the carrying capacity of moose on the island? 720 5. I am not requiring you to dissect the logistic growth equation. If you feel...
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...In this video he talked about Niche. It depends on where you live, some people call it a niche. Some people pronounce it differently. It is derived from a french word which simply means nest. And so a good way to think about a niche is basically your role in an environment. He pointed at a spot on the video and described them as a couple of niches being exploited. There is a rock that he pointed at and he said that there are niches growing on the rock. You can actually see four species. Because did you know that lichen is not one species. It is actually a symbiotic relationship between an algae and a fungus. And they can't live by themselves. You can see the green lichen, but you can also see the orange lichen growing. They are both exploiting a...
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...humidity) what is the partial pressure of O2 and Co2. 2. Marco tries to hide at the bottom of a swimming pool by breathing in and out through a 6 ft garden hose. What happens to following parameters? Ignore chemoreceptors compensation and be sure to provide a brief rationale for the changes you identify. Systemic arterial PO2 Systemic arterial PCO2 [HCO3-] plasma Plasma pH Total pulmonary ventilation % saturation of hemoglobin 3. An individual has the following measured respiratory elements. All units has to be in L and min VT= 200 ml/breath IRV =3 L ERV= 2 L Anatomic dead space = 150 ml Residual volume= 1 L Respiration rate = 5 breaths/ 7 seconds What is pulmonary ventilation? What is alveolar ventilation? What is her vital capacity? What is her inspiratory capacity? What is her expiratory capacity? What is her total lung volume? What is the function of the conduction portion of the respiratory tract? Describe the anatomical structures that accomplish this. What is the function of the respiratory portion? Describe the anatomical structures that accomplish this. Draw the HB saturation curve. Be sure to identify the X and Y axis and labels where the systemic and pulmonary blood sits and where the normal systemic venous blood sits. What is the significance of the shape of the curve? Briefly describe pH, T, PCO2, and [DPG] Provide a mechanistic and teleogical explanation for the changes you described...
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...pollutions from happening. 2. What is cost benefit analysis (CBA)? What are the key steps for CBA? - Cost benefit analysis is a formal quantitative method for assessing the costs and benefits of competing uses of a resource or solutions to a problem and deciding which is the most effective. There are four key steps for CBA : - Identification of the project to be evaluated. - Determination of all impacts, favorable and unfavorable present and future on all society - Determination of all value impacts, either directly through market value or indirectly through price estimate - Calculation of the net benefit, which is the total value of positive impacts less the total value of negative impacts. 3. What are the key steps in Scientific Methods? Explain each of them. => Observation: we use our senses or an extension of our senses to analysis an event. => Questioning and exploring: we ask ourselves what will happen. Some questions may be simple speculation, but others may inspire you to further investigation => constructing hypotheses: we try to provide a possible answer to a question or an explanation for an observation that can be tested => testing hypotheses: we collect the information that already exists from variety of sources, and then we find what should be the answer? =>The development of theories and laws: + the theory is a general statement in science that explains why things happen. + A law is a uniform or constant...
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...cattle help restore Guanacaste forest of Costa Rica? o This forest was in decline for thousands of years, when Indians colonized central America, it caused its decline. o Its regenerated when the Europeans came with the cattle o The trees only produce a new plant after processes: the fallen fruit has to be eaten by a larger animal (mule, or horse or cow) à it has to pass through the body and ends up in a pile of fertilizer only then it can regenerate and produce a tree o Why did it evolve to be depended to this process? § There must be animals there in the past, in the past it was a camel (llama, alpaca). When the Indians came from asia (50000 years ago) these animals went extinct and the tree lost its major dispersal system What is the most obvious foundation of life on land? o Is landà soil Climate defines biomes, the ‘shapes’ of vegetation o Defines the major types of land on earth o Temperature and precipitation to be specific Soils in turn greatly affect the aspects (roots, water, nutrient) à rentention, root attachment, etc. Soil typically form layers (horizontal) retaining a range of physical and chemical layers: o Classification of soil: O= organic, A, B, C Soil horizons: description o O: organic, litter on top, fine litter deeper (gets broken down, hence fine), pollen, dead organisms o A: mineral soil, some organic matter. Clay, iron, aluminum, silicates, and soluble organics leach out gradually o B: depositional. Materials leached from A...
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...Social Responsibility JJT Task 1 Sheryl K Ellis My chosen company for my JJT Task is Rhodes Air Conditioning. Rhodes A/C is a small company operated by the owner and two air conditioning technicians. As a small company it is imperative that they fully concentrate on the three P’s which are People, Planet and Profit. Today as we look at the world around us we notice changes. Companies and people are making efforts to sustain the environment by taking small steps to recycle and have even started using fuels that are safer for the environment. Car manufacturers are making cars that run on very minimal amounts of fuel by running electrically. As you pull up to many locations now you will find the electrical plugs to plug in your car for a charge while you are refueling your body. The reading material in Chapter Ten of Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy states that human activity affects three major forms of natural resources: water, air, and land. Resources can be renewable or non-renewable states the material with fossil fuels being non-renewable because once they are used they are gone. Some items are renewable such as forests and fresh water because these things can be replenished. With these areas in mind: water, air and land one needs to focus their efforts on the sustainability of the environment. At the rate we are going we could soon be faced with a drastic decrease in the availability of fresh water and eventually food. As the world grows at an astonishing...
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...Effects of exercise to muscles Jezreel E. Rodriguez Communication Arts II Professor Manlapig, B. May 22, 2012 Thesis statement: 54 percent of human body mass is muscles, and through regular exercise these muscles could be made healthier. I. Introduction II. Muscles and exercise a. Three types of muscles 1. Smooth muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Skeletal muscle b. Benefits of exercise to muscles 1. Muscle Strength 2. Muscle Endurance 3. Muscle Size 4. Muscle Nerve-Interaction 5. Blood Circulation c. Muscle Soreness After Exercise 1. Causes of muscle Soreness 2. Treatment for muscle soreness 3. Tips for dealing with muscle soreness 4. Tips to prevent muscle soreness III. Conclusion INTRODUCTION Exercise is one of the most important thing for the body, not only to make it strong but also for us to avoid diseases. Disease care is very expensive in any health cares or hospitals. Most of the money spent for health care are really spent for medicines or treatments. Many people now are have no time for exercise because of busyness or just taking aside of it. They didn’t think that having no exercise can lead to the weakness of the body and also can cause of incurable diseases. In this study we will know the importance of having a regular exercise. We will learn the possible effects of exercise to muscles, to motivate us to do exercises for our healthy lifestyle. One in having a regular exercise, it gives energy to the muscles through...
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...Introduction Cloud computing has the potential to change the face of the Information Technology (IT) industry. Industry experts maintain that the cloud will eventually become a primary component of computing activities conducted over the Internet. Presently, major corporations like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and IBM have embraced this trend and are using the technology to enhance IT supported services. As the number of benefits and potential uses of the technology grows, the funding earmarked for assessments and implementation of cloud services will likely multiply. Cloud computing consists of immense benefits that allows end users to utilize services that include infrastructure, applications, data storage capacity. Last year, the Brookings Institution released a study that endorses the benefits of cloud computing to the government. The writer of the study, Darrell West, who is the vice president and director of government studies at Brookings, stated in the paper, “that agencies that have moved to the cloud generally enjoyed 25percent to 50 percent savings on their IT cost. For the federal government as a whole, this translates into billions in cost savings, depending on the scope of the transition” (West, 2011). Cloud computing consist of a network of servers that run services that are operated as shared platforms. The characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand services, pay-per-use services, broadband network access, multi-tenancy, rapid elasticity and scalability...
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...Respiratory System What is the definition of… Where does each occur? • Breathing- moves O2 into the body and CO2 out of the body; occurs in mouth/lungs • External Respiration- gas exchange in lungs; O2 into blood and CO2 into lungs • Gas Transport- transport of O2 to the body and CO2 to lungs; occurs in blood • Internal respiration- gas exchange at tissues/CO2 in the blood What are the structures in the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system? • Upper Respiratory System -nose and pharynx • Lower Respiratory System- epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli) What is the function of the following in breathing? • Larynx- voice box and adjustable entryway to trachea • Epiglottis- covers larynx when swallowing food and water • Nose- filters and cleans air • Trachea- passageway for air • Alveoli- covered with capillaries for gas exchange • Lungs-contain bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli • Bronchioles- smaller tube than bronchi • Pharynx- passageway for air • Bronchi- trachea splits in two and leads to bronchioles What is the correct order for the flow of air through the above structures? Nose ( pharynx ( epiglottis ( larynx ( trachea ( bronchi ( bronchioles( alveoli What does swallowing close? Epiglottis How does the position of the vocal cords change during quiet breathing and during speech? • Quiet breathing- vocal chords to the side • Speech- vocal chords stretched across larynx Which...
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...http://topcompaniesindia.com/liquor-companies-in-india/ Liquor companies In India are not only doing well in the country but they have huge market share in the international market as well. Many renowned liquor brands across the globe are supplied by these Indian Companies. Here is the list of top liquor companies in India based on their market capitalization. United Spirits Limited USL is the leading players in the liquor industry and is not only the best in India but it is known as one of the best in the world. With more than 140 brands of liquors, the company is known globally for McDowell’s No.1, Royal Challenge, Black Dog, and Signature Antiquity. The company has 59% market share. * Owner- Vijay Mallya * Address- UB Tower, #24, Vittal Mallya Road Bangalore- 560 001, Phone no- 91-80-39856500, +91-80-39856959 * Website http://unitedspirits.in * Email: contactus@ubmail.com United Breweries The largest selling beer in India, Kingfisher is the flagship brand of United Breweries. The brand is won many awards and has been considered as one of the largest selling beers in the international market as well. This is one of the top 10 fastest growing brand in the UK. * Owner- Vijay Mallya * Address- Level 3, 4 & 5, UB Towers, UB City, 24 Vittal Mallya Road, Bangalore – 560 001, India. * Phone no- +91-80-22293333/22272807 * Website- http://unitedbreweries.com Email enquiries@ub-global.com Radico Khaitan One of the oldest and largest...
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...Framework T3 and GEMS for Business Strategy Patrick A. McNutt The usual disclaimer applies. The views expressed here are those of the author This is an E-book. It is available in camera copy format with free download from www.patrickmcnutt.com. December 2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you for reading the E-book and making a contribution to the charity as identified on my web portal. The E-book can be read independently or in conjunction with the Kaelo v2.0 software tool. Some of the arguments are filtered from McNutt (2005): Law, Economics and Antitrust and from books referenced in the E-book. There are indeed numerous references and secondary readings recommended in the E-book. These should be read as well. They will be fully referenced as we continue together to write this E-book on the web. Interesting books on related themes to read are Roberts (2004): The Modern Firm: Games, Strategies and Managers and Nalebuff and Dixit (2008): The Art of Strategy. For my MBA students you will be reading either Baye (2008): Managerial Economics and Business Stratagy or Besanko (2007): Economics of Strategy. For clients using my services, a note of thanks and for management in general who may happen upon this E-book a set of business slides are available as one set called Framework T3 and GEMS which is available from the author. They will appear also on my web page. Please email your comments to me via my web portal at www.patrickmcnutt.com and participate in the Discussion Forums available...
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