...characteristics of money market are deposits, loans, acceptances and bills of exchange. There are number types of institutions that are operated in money markets, such as, central banks and commercial banks. Money markets are largely unregulated and informal because most of the payments are done by phone, fax and online. Money markets provide individual business or government companies. Cash is the main purpose for opening money markets. The money market is important for ensuring companies and governments maintain the steady level of cash flow. Investors use the money markets to invest funds because money markets are safe and the amount of risk is small. The reliability of short time period gives little time for a nonpayment to happen that is why, the risk is decreased. The capital markets lend or borrow the funds for long-term period, i.e. for more than one year. The main instruments that are used in the capital market are stocks, shares, bonds, and securities of the government. Some important institutions of the capital market are stock exchanges, commercial banks and nonbank institutions, such as insurance companies, loan banks, and construction groups. In capital markets, the institutions not largely regulated. Capital markets provide fixed cash for their institutions to buy land, estate and machinery, etc. They put their finance to work, first to long-term, secure and useful employment. Capital markets are risky markets and they are not used to invest short-term capitals. Many...
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...Freeman and Milton Friedman hold virtually opposite beliefs as to what businesses’ responsibilities should be. In favor of the Stakeholder theory, Freeman believes that any person or organization that has a “stake” in the business should also play a role of participation in the business’s actions and decisions. In the other corner of the ring stands Milton Friedman, who holds the belief that said business is only responsible for those that actually own stock in the business – the owners, or stockholders. A strong believer in his reconceptualized Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation, R. Edward Freeman believes the key to success in business is several stakeholders working together in a sort of interconnected “corporate system”. Freeman begins his argument by raising a simple question: For whose benefit and at whose expense should the firm be managed? To answer this question, Freeman attempts to explain why managerial capitalism no longer works. He notes, “The basic idea of managerial capitalism is that in return for controlling the firm, management vigorously pursues the interest of the stockholders” (Freeman, 38). Freeman begins to attack this idea of managerial capitalism with several arguments pertaining to why this form of capitalism no longer can work. He argues that corporations act with limited liability for their actions and remain seemingly immortal since the existence of the business “Transcends that of its members” (38). What he means by this is that...
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...Tutorial Week 5: Case Study – Modern Leadership Theory Organisational Change in The Sandwich Factory The Sandwich Factory is a company operating in the Greater London area. The company was started by Kirsty Flower in 2005 when she and several colleagues left Mr Bakes, a medium sized bakery company supplying foodstuffs to offices in the Canary Wharf and City of London areas. Kirsty`s colleagues now hold senior positions on the Senior Management Team (SMT) (Human Resources, Finance and Production). The SMT are all female, mid-twenties and have no experience in company management beyond that gained in Mr Bakes where they all held junior management positions. Kirsty admits that the decision to `go it alone` was hers and that, given standard requirements for company set-up “done on a bit of a whim”. A recent interview she gave for Young Entrepreneur (London) Monthly uncovered some other interesting facts and issues around the establishment of The Sandwich Factory. First, Kirsty admits, is the heavy financial burden placed on the SMT who all own a share of the business. She comments “We didn`t want to be beholding to a bank and so scraped together the not unsubstantial monies required for start up from our own savings, grants and from our own families especially our parents”. Second, the appearance of fractures in the SMT`s friendships in the initial stages of establishing a market. “The original idea to start up the company was mine, but I needed people to come with me to make...
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...underlying meaning in what modern knowledge entails. Behind a single word, there is an infinite amount of links which represent what knowledge means to each and every one of us; at least according to Brain Martin of 1998’s Freedom Press. Despite Martin’s constant emphasis on the same few factors [money, power] which bring knowledge and people together, he also suggests alternative ways in which people can turn the tides on making knowledge more accessible to the general public. For the most part of Martin’s piece entitled “The Politics of Research”, he elaborates on elements that influence modern knowledge. It turns out that “interest groups affect the creation and use of knowledge, such as through funding, disciplines, hierarchy and competition” (Martin, 1998, p.114). Each aspect holds their own in terms of money and power and each is as equally important as the next. The text goes on to say that knowledge is held in the hands of those who are capable of either buying it, mastering it, earning it or challenging it. Take the military for instance. The military is fueled by governmental money; governments across the globe assume responsibility for their militaries because the citizens themselves wouldn’t be able to organize such a large-scale operation. The same can be said for the field of medicine. Through universities, “students are trained in the standard way of thinking” (Martin, 1998, p.117) however not everyone can achieve the highest successes of what the practice can offer...
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...engineer and director of mines who had developed a general theory of business administration. He was one of the most influential contributors to modern theories of management. He also identified 5 functions and 14 general principles of management in the early 19th century. These functions and principles were based on his experience and observations and were made for general administration purposes. While today’s economy may be more service oriented, one would feel the management functions set down by Fayol are still very relevant. Many of these are considered to be common sense and constitutional to sound management. These functions are: * Planning * Organising * Directing * Controlling and * Coordinating Planning is basically deciding in advance what to do and how to do it. Planning bridges the gap between where one is and where he/she wants to be. It is the primary function and is present on all levels of management. Organising is a process that commences the implementation of the plans that are set down by clarifying working and reporting relationships and effectively deploying resources towards the attainment of organizational goals. Directing involves leading and motivating employees to perform tasks assigned to them. Motivation and leadership are essential to direction. Leadership is influencing others to do what is asked of them and motivating is getting people to want to do it. Controlling is the function of monitoring the performance of the organization...
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...Roxanne A. Berhay Michelle Anne W.S. Pamaran Kier Luanne T. Sudiacal PEPSI GROWS POTATOES Case Analysis I. Problem Statement: -What should Pepsi do to ensure the supply of quality of potatoes in the production of its chips given its growing demand? II. Objectives The main objective is to make the company less susceptible to supply fluctuations given the growing demand of potatoes in the market. In order to achieve this goal, the company must also look into some other objectives: a. Pepsi must explore ways to ensure a supply that can meet the growing demand of potatoes for the production of its chips, b. Pepsi must effectively and efficiently maximize its limited resources (growing a potato farm, and involving local farmers) III. Areas of Consideration In this case study, there are certain factors that need to be considered. First, the Chinese government had banned the import of potatoes and potato seeds so they cannot rely on the same suppliers they had in the US. Second, the potatoes bought at the local market were of poor quality and did not meet Lay’s standard. Third, as a US company, PepsiCo does not have a good knowledge about Chinese culture and natural environment in China thus brought about the need to employ local workers. Chinese farmers were reluctant to invest and become Pepsi’s supplier because hold-up risk is high due to thin market for high quality potatoes in China. By having a potato farm and a potato processing plant, PepsiCo could...
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...Nationalism: Good or Bad What is nationalism? Nationalism can be interpreted in so many different ways. There are also several varieties of it, which include both economic and cultural aspects. “Nationalism can best be described as an intense feeling of national pride and unity, an awakening of a nation’s people to pride in their country.” (Caterora, Gilly, Graham, 2013, p.171) Simply put, it’s a feeling of brotherhood towards one’s country. As in most countries, nationalism exists in some degree and plays an important role in the political and economic environment. It can come and go as conditions and overall attitudes change or differ. Throughout countries, foreign companies can be welcomed to the community one day and harassed or forced out the next. Nationalism is difficult to measure, but the effects on the economy can be profound. Nationalism can be perceived as either positive or negative depending upon the context in which it is used. One could make an argument that nationalism is bad because it makes people think that they are better than everyone else, even without fully understanding other countries’ cultures or policies. Of course as a modern society, we know this way of thinking is incorrect. There are several reasons why nationalism is good for a society. First, nationalism is closely associated with patriotism or the love of one’s country. This in turn creates an atmosphere that inspires people to willingly make sacrifices for their country. It...
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...In this paper, we will discuss on the issue on why are children in Singapore nowadays, lacking in gratitude and how overseas volunteerism will not work. PROTECTIVE PARENTS In the photo, it shows of an angel standing close the side of the house, which represents the parents. The angel gets her reliance from the house. It shows that children rely on their parents a lot. This lead to the first reason is because children are getting complacent for everything they have. Things are given to them easily because their parents pampered them. Parents protect the children as they were seen as angels in the parent’s eyes and do not want anything to happen to them. It is expensive in Singapore to have a child; parents will view their children as valuable assets because of the amount of money they have used up to take care of them. Hence they will take extra care for their children. In the past, a family can have about five to seven children. As the parents can only give a little to every child, the children will learn to be gratitude towards the little that is given to them. To resolve this issue, it is impossible to reduce to cost of having a children. However we can look to widen the children’s interaction since young. Even at the age of one, children will have to attend children care where they get a chance to interact with other toddlers to learn to be gratitude when they share things with each other. Caretakers will ensure that they are not overly protected but giving sufficient...
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...Running head: WEEK ONE - FOUR FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Week One - Four Functions of Management Saya Narvaza University of Phoenix Week One - Four Functions of Management In order for a company to advance in the marketplace today, they need to be innovative, have quality products, the speed to develop and market their products quickly and be cost competitive (Bateman & Snell, 2007). A good manager will need to make decisions swiftly, have good communication skills and know how to deliver these things both effectively and efficiently (Rodacker, 2006). Four functions of management include: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These are the fundamentals needed to establish a company and keep them on top. Planning consists of making decisions about the goals each person, department or the entire company wants to achieve and setting in motion a process in which these goals can be fulfilled. Activities include analyzing the past, present and future growth of the company, what types of transactions or market the company will engage in, and determining objectives and business strategies. Modern day managers are now utilizing their employees, customers, suppliers and other vendors to help identify opportunities to strengthen their competitive advantage. Delivering more value to the customer is usually the driving force to make these changes. Organizing is the coordination of assembling people, finances, physical, informational...
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...Factory The Sandwich Factory is a company operating in the Greater London area. The company was started by Kirsty Flower in 2005 when she and several colleagues left Mr Bakes, a medium sized bakery company supplying foodstuffs to offices in the Canary Wharf and City of London areas. Kirsty`s colleagues now hold senior positions on the Senior Management Team (SMT) (Human Resources, Finance and Production). The SMT are all female, mid-twenties and have no experience in company management beyond that gained in Mr Bakes where they all held junior management positions. Kirsty admits that the decision to `go it alone` was hers and that, given standard requirements for company set-up “done on a bit of a whim”. A recent interview she gave for Young Entrepreneur (London) Monthly uncovered some other interesting facts and issues around the establishment of The Sandwich Factory. First, Kirsty admits, is the heavy financial burden placed on the SMT who all own a share of the business. She comments “We didn`t want to be beholding to a bank and so scraped together the not unsubstantial monies required for start up from our own savings, grants and from our own families especially our parents”. Second, the appearance of fractures in the SMT`s friendships in the initial stages of establishing a market. “The original idea to start up the company was mine, but I needed people to come with me to make my vision work for the betterment of all involved in the company. I am a natural conflict resolver...
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...discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral standards of a society. It asks how these standards apply to our lives and whether these standards are reasonable or unreasonable, that is, whether they are supported by good reasons or poor ones. Therefore, a person starts to do ethics when he or she takes the moral standards absorbed from the family, church and friends and asks: “What do these standards imply for the situations in which I find myself? Do these standards really make sense? What are the reasons for or against these standards? Why should I continue to believe in them? What can be said in their favour and what can be said against them? Are they really reasonable for me to hold? Are their implications in this or that particular situation reasonable?” Ethics is the study of moral standards, the process of examining the moral standards of a person or society to determine whether these standards are reasonable or unreasonable in order to apply them to concrete situations and issues. The ultimate aim of ethics is to develop a body of moral standards that we feel are reasonable to hold standards that we have thought about carefully and have decided are justified standards for us to accept and apply to the choices that fill our lives. Ethics is not the only way to study morality. The social sciences such as anthropology, sociology and psychology also study morality, but do so in a way that is quite different from the approach to morality that is characteristic of ethics...
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...Immanuel Kant A Famous Philosopher 10/21/2012 Kelley Huttar Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804): Immanuel Kant was a modern day German deontologist from Prussia and became one of history’s most famous Philosophers. A deontologist is someone who believes in acts that are strictly right or wrong. Kant was an influential thinker and one of the last philosophers of the Enlightenment era. However his work in epistemology (the study of knowledge) and theology (the study of religion) are still influential to current philosophers of our time. He was also known for his beliefs in ethics and his knowledge in astronomy. Kant was an independent person, meaning he did not let others influence his way of thought. He created his own moral values and acted alone in his findings and did not look for outside criticism. He believed that other people’s emotions and view towards a subject could impact one’s moral values and behavior. He was admired by his friends for this quality, and because of this he became famous for the concept known as the categorical imperative (Evers). Theory Developed and Its Example: Categorical Imperative: Kant developed a theory on morality that is known as the categorical imperative. This theory implies that one should only act on his or her own morals. Kant believed a person has a duty to be moral in every sense as he believed this was a moral requirement. He also believed that an action one takes must be moral enough for the entire universe to agree...
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...when different workers or employees come together to assess what and how they are working in the aim of achieving a common ground. There are different ways in which this can be done, most common would simply be group meeting weekly as scheduled to go over information on the account. Collaboration has proven to be very effective as it’s a means in which employee ideas are put in to consideration, it can improve employee loyalty as the employees input is being appreciated. Which then leads to reduction of waste or turnover rate, in collaboration employee survey are encouraged. A brief survey was taken at Lee University to look into collaboration and employee valuation which seemed to be a success as employees get to talk about their dissatisfaction at whatever the situation could be which gives the team something to hold on to and also a reason to work on their problems or maybe even settle conflict/ tension that may have existed. Also evaluation of structure or the means in which the team carries out its duties is evaluated ideas of improvement can be pitched also.When performing these evaluation different factors were put into consideration; environment, membership characteristic, process and structure, communication, purpose and resources. This way while putting all possible responses to survey questions together a non-biased opinion can be formed and a legitimate solutions to issues can be advised. It has been embraced by most companies as this method is a proven success. there...
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...TOPIC: Describe what it means to be a modern team leader. Describe the different types of teams and critically analyze the challenges modern managers face in contemporary business organizations. Introduction Leadership, it crosses people mind of powerful leaders who control victorious armies, develop religions, lead nations. So how could they do such a great job in leading? What are the factors to become a modern team leader? Leadership is defined as an influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change (Lussier & Achua 2010, p. 6). This paper is going to analyze modern leadership and the challenges leaders could face critically in contemporary business organizations. Specifically, the paper starts with the traits and styles of a manager. Leadership Are leaders born or made? It is not easy to say that what the traits of leaders are, but there are some that can outline the differences between leaders from others. The first one is dominance, this does not mean that the leaders are bossy or use a bullying style. They just want to compete and influence. High energy should be the next one, managers or leaders with high energy is willing to work hard. They want to achieve the goal has set and always deal with it in a positive attitude. Self-confidence, every single leader should have. According to Peter Stark (2012) ‘people like to work with leader who are truly confident’, people tend to trust others more when they appear confident...
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...Section 1 - Be able to critically assess own beliefs, attitudes and value systems 1.1 Explain the difference between beliefs, attitudes and values A belief is an internal feeling that something is true even though that belief may be unproven or irrational. A belief can come from different sources, such as a person’s own experiences, the acceptance of cultural and societal norms e.g. religion, or what other people say e.g. education. Once a person accepts a belief as a truth they are willing to defend, it forms part of their belief system. Beliefs lead into a person’s values which are stable, long standing beliefs about what is important to that person. They become standards by which people order and prioritise their lives and how they make choices. A belief will develop into a value when a person’s commitment to it grows and they see it as being important. Examples of values could be happiness, wealth, career success or family. In order to be able to make clear, rational, responsible and consistent decisions people need to be able to articulate their values. Attitudes are the mental dispositions people have towards others and the current circumstances before making decisions that result in behaviour. People primarily form their attitudes from underlying values and beliefs. However, factors that may not have been internalised as beliefs and values can still influence a person’s attitude at the point of decision making. Typically influences include the desire...
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