...Counterfeiting Counterfeiting is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Basically if there is a way of even trying people would do anything to make money and take advantage of the benefits of having money. Many people try to produce “fake” money however even though the standards are so high and the chances are small, more and more people get a way of falsifying money. Most of these bills are sold to drug dealers, and they are little by little “washed” and spread across the country. There are bad bills, the ones that cannot pass certain checks, and there are the good ones, made by people like Art Williams. The bills that someone is trying to “master” over the years, the bills that someone puts so much effort into that is considered almost a pure hobby. For Art Williams counterfeiting money was not all about the benefits that money could bring, as much as it was for his accomplishment as being a master in what he does. Even though that was against the law. Banks have tried for years to design money in different ways just so less and less notes are provoking loss among customers. “A secure design offers a means of avoiding counterfeiting by reducing the profitability of doing so, but comes at the price of higher production cost for the central bank.” (Y. Lengwiler) If the notes are overlapping, as soon as they are in circulation and the bank realizes that there are more money out there than they should be, the cost of things is raising...
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...Modelling the Counterfeiting of Bank Notes: A Literature Review Ben Fung and Enchuan Shao, Currency Department • Ensuring that the threat of counterfeiting remains low is critical to maintaining the public’s confidence in bank notes as a means of payment . In the past 50 years, Canada has experienced two major episodes of counterfeiting at levels that threatened public confidence . The Bank of Canada has since developed a comprehensive anti-counterfeiting strategy that has brought counterfeiting under control and that supports public confidence by staying ahead of counterfeiters . Research that models the behaviour of relevant parties—the counterfeiters, the merchants and the central bank—helps to improve our understanding of their respective decisions: whether or not to produce counterfeit notes, whether or not to verify and accept bank notes offered, and what level of security to apply to bank notes . This research also sheds light on the importance of policies against counterfeiting . • I n June 2011, the Bank of Canada unveiled its new $100 and $50 notes to the public. The Bank’s new series of polymer bank notes, which incorporates innovative security features that are not only easy to verify but also difficult to counterfeit, marks a significant advance in counterfeiting deterrence. Issuing new, more-secure bank notes is one of four components in the Bank’s comprehensive anticounterfeiting strategy, which was developed during the most recent episode of high levels...
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...The topic I have selected for research is counterfeiting. Many of us know that counterfeiting is a growing problem throughout the world. Most countries have some trade in counterfeit goods, but some have become notorious for producing and exporting large quantities of fake goods. One of the largest is China. China is the world’s largest producer of counterfeit goods, and has the largest market for counterfeit goods. Counterfeiters employ between 3 million and 5 million people in China alone. Does this mean it is acceptable in behavior in Chinese culture for counterfeiting? What are the impact and cost to the China and the rest of the world? And what are the Chinese government and other countries doing to fight back against counterfeiting. These are all question I’m going to address throughout my research paper. Why is counterfeiting so wide spread throughout China? Counterfeiting is a problem with various causes. One reason is China’s traditional culture that has deep roots in the Chinese mind. With a relatively short history of intellectual property laws and an unbalanced enforcement system, has allowed the growing spread of counterfeiting. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, which is that largest in the world; it has 56 different nationalities with a highly diversified culture; and a history that dates back to 2100 BC with four different eras. Chinese culture does not allow for a monopoly. The culture that has dominated China...
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...What are counterfeiting and piracy? Counterfeiting and piracy are terms used to describe a range of illicit activities linked to intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement. Those are longstanding problems which are growing in scope and magnitude. Quantitative analysis carried out by the OECD indicates that the volume of tangible counterfeit and pirated products in international trade could be up to USD 200 billion. With a figure like this, sales of counterfeit goods world-wide exceed the GDP of approximately 150 States on the planet. This figure does not, however, include counterfeit and pirated products that are produced and consumed domestically, nor does it include the significant volume of pirated digital products that are being distributed via the Internet. If these items were added, the total magnitude of counterfeiting and piracy worldwide could well be several hundred billion dollars more. In spite of all the efforts made up to now, counterfeiting and piracy are a plague that affects practically every economy on the planet and, what is more, they are expanding rapidly via various distribution channels that obviously include the Internet. In 2006, all the records were smashed with more than 250 million counterfeit articles intercepted at European borders, compared with 75 million the previous year. The number of seizures also exploded, increasing from 26,000 to 37,000 from one financial year to the next. Some see the rise in counterfeiting of goods as...
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...The topic I have selected for research is counterfeiting. Many of us know that counterfeiting is a growing problem throughout the world. Most countries have some trade in counterfeit goods, but some have become notorious for producing and exporting large quantities of fake goods. One of the largest is China. China is the world’s largest producer of counterfeit goods, and has the largest market for counterfeit goods. Counterfeiters employ between 3 million and 5 million people in China alone. Does this mean it is acceptable in behavior in Chinese culture for counterfeiting? What are the impact and cost to the China and the rest of the world? And what are the Chinese government and other countries doing to fight back against counterfeiting. These are all question I’m going to address throughout my research paper. Why is counterfeiting so wide spread throughout China? Counterfeiting is a problem with various causes. One reason is China’s traditional culture that has deep roots in the Chinese mind. With a relatively short history of intellectual property laws and an unbalanced enforcement system, has allowed the growing spread of counterfeiting. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, which is that largest in the world; it has 56 different nationalities with a highly diversified culture; and a history that dates back to 2100 BC with four different eras. Chinese culture does not allow for a monopoly. The culture that has dominated China for thousands...
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...Anisha Castro Omar PA 206 Status Signaling and Conspicuous Consumption: The Demand for Counterfeit Status Goods Counterfeiting is a multimillion pound business and one which depend on the complicity of the consumer. Often seen as a victimless crime, it is a difficult trade to control because as long as consumers desire brands, the greater the market for counterfeits. Since almost no investments in brand name recognition and research & development are required, the production of these fake goods offers strong financial incentives to counterfeiters. As modern technologies are available globally, the production of counterfeits has become less expensive and rather easy to set up. Unfortunately, revenues gained from counterfeiting are at the expense of legitimate marketers. The damage to their brand reputation and profits is tremendous. For consumers, purchasing of counterfeit products offers advantages as well. The fake or counterfeit products are usually of low physical, performance and financial risk, but carry the high image and prestige connected to a well-known brand name such as Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Rolex or Chanel. By buying the fake product instead of the original, the consumer takes advantage of the benefits sought-after from branded products, such as prestige, image or design, without paying for them. The demand for counterfeit products may be considered an aspect of aberrant consumer behavior, however, only under the condition that the consumer...
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...Different treatments against counterfeiting Counterfeiting is looked at differently in US and in China. As a large contributor to the Chinese GDP the Chinese government looks the other way when it comes to enforcing intellectual property infringement. The Industry and Business Administration are in charge of regulating intellectual property infringement in China. When reports are filed the Industry and Business Administration will contact the police to enforce the law. The police will not do much about it because counterfeit software and products provide the people of China with affordable necessity. On the other hand, Intellectual property is heavily protected in the U.S. By filing Patent, Copyright or Trademark individuals are able to protect their property and have the right to sue people are producing their products. The Federal Fraud Department is in charge of investigating these cases. China’s police force is not able to do enforce the laws in the rural areas, where most of the counterfeiting happens. The police in those areas are understaffed and lack the technology to gather evidence. Counterfeits are looked upon differently in these two countries and thus have different retail regulations. In the U.S. retails need to get permission from the manufactures to shelf their products and because of this they are not able to sell counterfeit products. In China, retailers need a license and certificate to run their store, but they are allowed to house and sell counterfeit products...
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... Product Counterfeiting in China and One American Company’s Response A Case Study and research report on corporate activity relating to national security and strategy Prepared for the Director of the Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellowship Program by David J. Clark Lieutenant Colonel United States Army Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellow Dr. Clayton Chun Project Advisor The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, or any of its agencies. It also does not reflect any policy or position of Pfizer Incorporated. U.S. Army War College Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania 17013 - This Page Intentionally Left Blank - ABSTRACT AUTHOR: Lieutenant Colonel David J. Clark TITLE: Product Counterfeiting in China and One American Company’s Response FORMAT: Civilian Research Project DATE: 4 April 2003 PAGES: 36 CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified When America, the world’s largest economy, interacts with China, the world’s most populated country, matters of strategic and global importance are inevitably raised. Using his fellowship position in a major U.S. corporation as a vantage point, the author describes the impact of counterfeiting of consumer products and how an American corporation is responding. China is a known major market for “knock-off” products and counterfeiting production....
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...Suraj Commuri The Impact of Counterfeiting on Genuine-Item Consumers’ Brand Relationships An often-overlooked constituent in the debate on counterfeiting is the consumer of the genuine article—a brand manager’s primary constituent. These consumers are drawn to premium brands in part because of the exclusivity and connotation of prestige associated with them. These characteristics are also the reason such brands are attractive targets of counterfeiting. When premium brands are counterfeited, which in turn gives a variety of consumers access to them, how do consumers of the genuine items react to the erosion of exclusivity and prestige? An investigation involving premium brands in Thailand and India reveals that consumers of genuine items adopt one of three strategies when faced with the prospect of their favorite brands being counterfeited: flight (abandoning the brand), reclamation (elaborating the pioneering patronage of a brand), and abranding (disguising all brand cues). The author examines these strategies in detail, revealing how the potential loss of exclusivity and prestige can either drive genuine-item consumers away from the brand or impel them to make strong claims to their patronage. Keywords: counterfeits, counterfeiting, brand relationships, conspicuous consumption, fashion, competitive consumption irms invest substantially in building their brands. In some product categories, such efforts are aimed at making a brand prestigious and exclusive. For brands...
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...3 Strategies to combat counterfeiting Extensive research on measures and strategies to combat counterfeiting has been con-ducted. Those strategies against counterfeiting can be taken in different areas and have to be seen as complementary. This part of the paper analyses approaches measures and strategies that have been formulated and discussed by relevant literature. 3.1 Legal strategy The first strategy that is often suggested is the legal prosecution of counterfeiters. De Chernatony and McDonald (1988) write that registration of trademarks and patents are of paramount importance for successful brand protection strategies. Hoecht and Trott (2014), on the other hand believe that this common approach is of little success and does not combat...
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...Categories of Computer Crime Shanice A Gilliard Prof. Carl Brown CIS 170 January 27, 2014 There are four types of computer crimes. The purpose of this paper is to explain each type and provide an example. During the course of this paper, I will also decide which type of crime in my opinion represents the greatest overall threat and give ways the government along with law enforcement agencies can attempt to counteract these crimes. Types of Crimes The four types of computer crime are as follows: (1) the computer as a target, (2) the computer as an instrument of the crime, (3) the computer as incidental to crime, and (4) crimes associated with prevalence of computers. As technology changes every day, you can always expect many more new offenders, offenses, and victims to appear simply based on the quality of knowledge someone possesses and also by the quality of the technology they are able to access. The better the quality the more extensive the damage will be. Being able to distinguish between these different categories is another thing that may seem difficult. Examples of Crimes The first type of computer crime is using the computer as a target. This is defined as a basic denial towards the owner of the system or by altering the data on the network itself. Altering the data or denying access to the system or network can be harmful to as business because it can prevent them from offering products or services to clients or it can also prevent the client access to their...
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...Topic Outline Crime and Cyber Risk RMI 4300-Klein Distinctive Features of Crime Risk Common Crimes • Burglary • Robbery • Shoplifting • Fraud • Embezzlement • Forger and Counterfeiting • Vandalism • Arson • Espionage • Computer Crime Fraud • Fraud involves inducing another to act to his or her detriment. • Examples of fraud • A merchant collects payment in advance for good that will not be delivered or will be greatly inferior to what was promised • A customer accepts delivery od goods with the interntion of not paying them • And inventor sells all rights to an invention that has been developed and patented by another • A unauthorized person acquired and uses the account number or pin of someone credit or debit card to change items to that person’s account Forgery and Counterfeiting • Both forgery and counterfeiting involve fraudulently creating or using false or unauthorized versions of currency, documents, artwork or other property that only specified entities or persons have the right to make or use or unauthorized versions of documents such as stock certificates, birth records, lottery tickets, licenses , passports or other papers that only government agencies or other entities can issue. • Two broad types of crimes losses from forgery/counterfeiting o Inducing an organization to accept falsified documents, etc, to exchange something od valye for something that is valueless o Impersonating an organization using and unauthorized or...
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...innovation and entrepreneurial activity are the engines of long-run economic growth” (Hill 63). Intellectual property rights have become a significant factor in both creating and using ideas that are translated into knowledge and inventions to promote innovation and economic growth. Through this paper I will discuss the importance of protecting intellectual property and its impact on economic development. What is intellectual property and IPR’s? “Intellectual property refers to property that is the product of intellectual activity” (Hill 54). It might be a poem that you write, a computer software, a mother’s invention of saline Boogie Wipes for babies or a formula for a new drug. Creators can be given the right to prevent others from using their inventions, designs or other creations and to use the right to negotiate payment in return for others to use them. These are “Intellectual property rights”. They allow the creator or owner of a patent, trademark, or copyright to benefit from his or her own work and prevent others from copying and profiting from that work. What is the importance of protecting intellectual property? The importance of protecting intellectual property has far more to do with than ethics and fairness to inventors. Intellectual Property Protection Rights (IPR’s) provide incentives to innovators to produce new inventions as...
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...holograms are very difficult to forge because they are replicated from a master hologram which requires expensive, specialized and technologically advanced equipment. Since most of the security holograms are embossed holograms it is possible to make the mechanical copies of security holograms. These counterfeited holograms are very difficult to distinguish from genuine holograms. The present technologies used to authenticate a genuine hologram are based on visual technologies and are not much efficient. Spatial profile analysis of security holograms will be a good and efficient method to authenticate a hologram. This method can be used to differentiate counterfeited holograms by analysis of profiles. Hence hologram counterfeiting and thereby product counterfeiting can be avoided in future using this method....
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...LVMH in China. Minicase. IN JULY 2012, Louis Vuitton, the flagship brand of France’s Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton S. A., better known as LVMH, opened its 16th global “Maison” at Shanghai’s Plaza 66, a mega luxury mall. The Shanghai Maison houses the entire range of Louis Vuitton collections, from high-‐fashion clothing and leather goods, to jewelry, watches, cosmetics, and wines and spirits. The grand opening of the Shanghai Maison also coincided with the 20th anniversary of the brand’s presence in China; Louis Vuitton had opened its first store in the country in 1992, in Beijing’s Peninsula Hotel. LVMH’s sales in Asia accounted for one third of its total revenue by the end of the first quarter of 2013. 1 Those results made Asia the largest region for LVMH in terms of revenues ( Exhibit MC7.1 ). Focusing on countries rather ...
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