...will have different leadership styles to manage and lead their employees which are identified by the path–goal theory of leadership. This is why the attitude and the behavior of a leader will influence his/her subordinates on achieving their goals and objectives. Leadership is mostly defined as a process of leading or influencing a group of people or an organization to achieve their goals. According to Yukl, ‘it is obvious that a person can be a leader without becoming a manager, and a person can be a manager without leading’. In my opinion, a leader has long-term of view which inspires and motivates his/her subordinates and work together to achieve their vision, mission, goals and objectives. And, a manager is a problem solver of the status quo which focuses on productivity and efficiency. Hence, they are different from each other. Path-goal theory is related to leadership. It is a specific theory which is based on leadership styles or behaviour. Path-goal theory states on how leaders achieve high level of performance, influence own and their employees satisfaction and performance to achieve the performance and organisation’s goal. This is by clearing and clarifying the path, increasing the number of rewards that is available for them. Additionally, a leader can also change and regulate his/her leadership style of behaviour to the employees and task behaviours so that they will have the motivation to achieve the goals. In other hand, the path goal theory identifies four types...
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...‘Leaders are born not made’. To what extent you agree or disagree with this statement? Justify your answer using leadership theories and relevant examples. ‘The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are born – that there is a genetic factor to leadership. This myth asserts that people simply either have certain charismatic qualities or not. That’s nonsense; in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are made rather than born.’ – Warren G. Bennis (Farlow, n.d.). Leadership is about changing minds and moving organisations forward (Leadership Theories and Styles, 2009). The art of leadership, however focused on a specific goal or vision, is also about the individuals that are being led; learning, advancing and prospering (Farlow, n.d.). Education, mentoring and experience are how leaders are made, they are not born with any genetic capacity to lead. When it comes to leadership, competencies determine what a person can do. Commitment determines what they want to do, and character determines what they will do (Crossan et al., 2012). The theoretical framework surrounding leadership is based upon power of an individual over a collective, moving toward a defined goal or common purpose. It entails planning, organising and controlling to build enthusiasm and maintain momentum (Schermerhorn 361). “The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action.” (Barnard 1968). Barnard has identified superiority...
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...Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership; to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process. Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. (Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities...
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...Professional and Staff Development FSPSD200 Leadership Theory Simplified Allisen Penn Assistant Professor Leadership Development “Pop leadership” philosophy abounds in our culture today. Book stores have shelves full of books on leader ship. Leaders and leadership are discussed daily on tele vision, radio, newspapers, magazines and on the web. As a result, many mixed messages about leadership are expressed. So – how do you decide what is accurate? Read the inside cover of a leadership book and you may find that the book is more about manage ment and business than leadership. A magazine or newspaper may just express the opinion of a famous person about leadership. While the perspective of a well-known leader or the insight offered in a book may be valuable, you may want to ask – is this information supported by research? An understanding of the existing leadership research may help you shape your own opinion about what is good leadership. Once you determine what is good leader ship, you can begin to develop your own leadership approach. Write your definition of leadership: A commonly accepted definition of leadership is a process used by an individual to influence a group of members toward a common goal (Bass, 1990; Howell and Costley, 2001). Maxwell (1993) simply states that leadership is influence. The following overview of leadership theories is intended to provide a synopsis of some of the research conducted on leadership in the last 50 years. There is a list of...
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...Work- Week 3 1. Why was there a shift from the trait to the behavioral theory paradigm? - Behavioral theory has been established from the traits of a human or a leader’s personality. 2. How is leadership behavior based on traits? - As we all know the behavioral theory should only focus on the leader’s behavior but it does not all the time. A leader’s behaviors originally come from the personal traits or attitudes that a leader has. 3. What are the University of Iowa leadership styles? - The university of Iowa leadership studies found two different leadership styles which are…. a) Autocratic Leadership style and b) Democratic Leadership style. 4. What are the University of Michigan leadership styles? - This university found two leadership styles as well which are a) job-centered Leadership style and b) employee centered leadership style. 5. What are the Ohio State University leadership styles? - Initiating structure behavior - Consideration behavior 6. What are three important contributions of the University of Michigan and Ohio State University studies? - They were able to research at the same time and found four dimensions which a leader use in an organization; low structure and high consideration, high structure and low consideration, high structure and high consideration, low structure and low consideration. 7. What are the Leadership Grid leadership styles? - the leadership grid builds on Ohio state university and the Michigan university study which...
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...Running head: Leadership Theories Leadership Theories Latrina George Amberton University April 30, 2014 Leadership Theories Overview What makes a great leader? Are there certain skills or common traits good leaders possess that others don’t? What makes a leader stand out? These questions have fascinated humans throughout history. There have been many studies about leadership and a host of researchers and philosophers have tackled this subject and published their findings. Much of the interest in leadership started around the beginning of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories primarily focused on identifying qualities that distinguished leaders from followers. Subsequent leadership theories addressed more of the leadership skills. This paper is an overview of eight leadership theories that incorporate both germinal and current research and findings. Great Man Theory The Great Man Theory evolved around the 19th century (1847 – 1960). This theory asserts that leaders are born – not made and that leadership skills and attributes are inherited. While there were many historians who supported the Great Man Theory, it is Thomas Carlyle, a commentator and historian, who has been most associated with this theory. Carlyle stated, “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” Carlyle and others like him felt that history was directly influenced by great men and heroes and their leadership characteristics. (Great Man Theory, n.d., para. 1) There are...
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...Evolution of Leadership Theories Author University Leadership is, and always has been, a vital aspect of social and economic constructs. It is essential to the survival of societies, industries, organizations, and virtually any group of individuals that come together for a common purpose. However, leadership is difficult to define in a single, definitive sense. As such, theories of leadership, what constitutes a great leader, and how leaders are made have evolved constantly throughout history, and still continue to change today in hopes of improving upon our understanding of leadership, its importance, and how it can be most effective in modern organizational cultures. This evolving trend of leadership can generally be seen throughout four distinct eras, the Great Man Leadership era, the Rational Management era, the Team or Lateral Leadership era, and the Learning Leadership era (Daft, 2008, p. 21). Each era utilized a different way of thinking about leadership and leaders than the others, with each new era implementing a unique trend for leadership theories, and sometimes adapting and building upon existing leadership theories. The Great Man Leadership era was the earliest era, employed first by ancient philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who believed that leaders were naturally born with special abilities that made them inherently great leaders (DeGrosky, 2007). The first leadership theory, called the Great Man theory, outlined that these “great men” were...
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...Leaders and Leadership in Organizations: Understanding the Dynamics Leaders and Leadership in Organizations: Understanding the Dynamics The subject of leaders has been greatly researched through out history. In this time of economic turmoil, it is vital for an organization to evaluate their leaders and leadership styles in order to be successful. Leadership styles vary, as well as what kind of leaders exist and the behaviors they participate in. It is necessary to examine each theory to conclude what is the most effective in an organizational structure. Exerting an incorrect Leadership Development Plan that does not correlate with the organizational culture will result in failure. In order to assist in evaluating an organizations leaders and leadership we will address the following concepts: 1. What is leadership and who are the leaders of an organization? 2. What are the types of leadership theories, styles and behaviors? 3. What elements affect leaderships? 4. How do leaders and leadership impact organizations? In reviewing these four focuses, it will become clear in understanding the dynamics of leaders and leadership in organizations. What is Leadership and Who Are the Leaders of an Organization? Although there are different styles of leaders, the concept of leadership is fundamentally the same. The leadership notion is best described by Etzioni (1965, p. 690-691) in Organizations -Structures, Processes, and Outcomes as: “the ability, based on...
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...Murray Professor Romary Intro. To Leadership Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. Why is leadership important? Leadership is important because it can make or break a company. Management and leadership go hand in hand when it comes to individuals and organizations including financial performance. Managerial leadership is crucial to creating effective organizations with employees who push their limits. 2. What are the five key elements in our leadership definition? How do the elements interrelate to form this definition? The five key elements of leadership are influence, leader-followers, organizational objectives, people, and change. When it comes to the leader-follower element, leaders and followers influence each other. This relationship leads to the next element that is influence where the leader uses power, politics, and negotiating to sway followers on their opinions. In order for a manager to be effective, they need to influence their employees by communicating ideas to gain acceptance. Then motivate their employees to support and implement the idea at hand through change. in order for a company to stay relevant in the ever changing economy, they need to continuously change with technology, theories, and such. And in doing so, a company’s organizational objectives are met through the same vision shared by employees. Effective leaders motivate employees to think outside the box and push their limits all while keeping in mind what is best for the company. ...
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...Questions 1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? A theory begins with an idea or a set of ideas that sets out to prove or explain certain facts or events through evidence or experiments, however usually the evidence or experiment is weak and may not be able to be proven or verified to be true in all cases. Therefore it is determined to be a theory. A model is considered to be something that people follow or imitate, something individuals use as an example such as a formula in mathematics, directions in a recipe, plans for building a building, plans for meeting goals and objective even the way people learn patterns of behaviors. These examples are all types of models people follow in their everyday lives (Ahmad, 2011). Our text describes leadership theory as how situational variable interact with the leaders personalities and behaviors Fred E. Fiedler was the first to call this the contingency leadership theory in 1951 (Lussier, 2013, p. 115). Our text explains contingency model is usually used in determining a person’s leadership style whether their style is task oriented or relationship oriented to determine which situation leader-member relationship, task structure, or position power matches the leader’s particular style to maximize performance (Lussier, 2013, p. 51). 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Situational, Behavioral, Participative and Achievement Oriented leadership variables are...
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...1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? Answer: A leadership theory is a definition of some conditions of leadership. Theories have factual value because they are used to explain better, conclude, and control successful leadership. A leadership model is a sample for copying or used in a given position. All the contingency leadership theories having the leadership models. The leadership theory is the lengthy document that clarify the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation. The leadership model is the small arbitrary of the theory to be used when choosing the proper leadership style for a given situation. 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Answer: The contingency leadership variables used to describe the relevant leadership style are the leader, followers (employees), and situation. The leader element is positioned on personality traits, nature, and experience. The follower’s factor is pointed on effectiveness and motivation. The conditional factor is based on task, structure, and environment. A leader to be powerful, there must be a relevant fit between the leader’s nature and style and the followers and the situation. This leadership theory bid to explain the applicable leadership style positioned on the leader, followers (employees), and situation. 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Answer: ...
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...Managerial Assessment and Development-1 Bonita Hargrett Individual Assignment Unit #4 Contingency Leadership Theories Everest University Instructor: Jill Heaney November 11, 2014 Introduction In this assignment we were asked to read chapter #4 and Complete Review Questions 1-11 on page 138, and also answer question 1- 6 page 139-140 about Case on W. L. Gore. These answers will come from the finding I learn while reading this chapter about Individuals leadership traits or skills are lacking, characteristics of the subordinate, task, and organization can replace the need for a leader or neutralize the leader’s behavior. Plus the different personality traits that is needed and found in a great leader-Managers exchange and fellowship and how manager can be unethical with some followers and still be a team with people being faithful to their leader because of their relationship with them. Contingency Leadership Theories Review Questions 1-11 on page 138 1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? A model is the structure of a theory, so one is how you find the other, because the model is a short summary of the theory. 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Situation, Leaders and Followers 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Contingency leadership adjusts to any environment and culture, allowing the leader to deal with different situation...
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...Military leadership theory brings forth the discovery of many ideas regarding the application of knowledge from a military background in a business environment. Much information was premised on business owners, managers and employees working collectively, how to improve communication skills, and how to define a goal and motivate others to follow it based on military leadership. The connection between these two worlds of business and military is apparent. Many of today’s companies derive their structure and leadership model from that which is applied in the army. The military typically has a main leader or a decision \ maker, who transmits orders to subordinates at lower levels. This model is almost identical to what is seen in many business organizations throughout the world (Rost, 1993). The US Army defines leadership as “The process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization” (Army Leadership, 2012). However, this definition does not delve into whether leadership is innate or not. There are two main ideas – Colonel Sherman L. Kiser states that leadership is an exact science capable of being understood and practiced by anyone or General Sir Archibald P. Wavell’s which states “no amount of learning will make a man a leader unless he has the natural qualities of one” (Taylor and Rosenbach, 1984). Leadership has gone through several stages of development throughout history, which...
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...MIRASOL M. BUENAFE BSBA – FM – 4A OCTOBER 2, 2015 QUIZ Ten Leadership Theories 1. The Great Man Theory – Great Leaders are Born, not Made. 2. The Trait Theory of Leadership – Ideal Characteristics for Leaders. 3. The Skills Theory of Leadership – Ideal Technical, Personal and Conceptual Skills for Managers and Leaders. 4. The Style Theories of Leadership – e.g Leadership Continuum, Managerial Grid. 5. The Situational Leadership Theory – There is no-one-size-fits-all-model, the leader must adapt. 6. The Contingency Theory - There is no-one-size-fits-all-model, choose an appropriate leader. 7. Transactional Leadership Theory – People follow leaders based on ‘transactions’ – a mix of rewards, incentives and punishments. A quid pro quo approach. 8. Leader – Member Exchange Theory – Similar to transactional theory, but stresses presence of an ingroup and outgroup. 9. Transformational Leadership Theory – Leaders are gaining the commitment of their employees by inspiring, encouraging, and caring for their followers. 10. Servant Leadership Theory – The leader starts by identifying the needs of the followers and views his own role as merely serving the followers. The Great Man Theory – Great Leaders are Born, not Made. This approach emphasized that a person is born with or without the necessary traits of leaderships. Early explanations of leadership studied the “traits” of great leaders. Belief that people were born...
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...http://managementhelp.org/blogs/leadership/2010/04/21/leadership-theories/ Leadership Theories By Steve Wolinski on April 21, 2010 191 63 118 There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership. I will provide a brief overview of the more dominant or better known theories. I hope that others will share their thoughts on whether this list neglects any theories of note. In the future we can discuss some of the emerging leadership theories/approaches such as adaptive, authentic, and appreciative. It is important to note that this submission attempts to provide an overview of leadership theories versus models. I view models as attempts to functionalize the more theoretical aspects of leadership and make them easier to put into play by organizations and consultants. This is, in and of itself, an important activity. Most theories view leadership as grounded in one or more of the following three perspectives: leadership as a process or relationship, leadership as a combination of traits or personality characteristics, or leadership as certain behaviors or, as they are more commonly referred to, leadership skills. In virtually all of the more dominant theories there exist the notions that, at least to some degree, leadership is a process that involves influence with a group of people toward the realization of goals. I will say on the front end that, in my opinion, leadership is a dynamic and complex process, and that much of what is written...
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