...What Kinds of Assumptions Interfere with Critical Thinking? Four assumptions interfering with critical thinking that occur often are the assumption that others familiar with the problem or issue will share your enthusiasm for your ideas; that small imperfections in your idea will not affect people’s acceptance of it; the assumption that if your idea is clear to you, it will be clear to others; and the assumption that the people who stand to benefit most from your idea will accept it automatically without any persuasion on your part. Others that are faced with the same problem as you might share the same amount of enthusiasm in your idea. They could have already given the situation some thought and have their own ideas about how to solve the problem. They may begin to defend their idea and turn the problem into an issue or deepen the existing issue. Assuming that small imperfections will not affect people's acceptance can also affect peoples critical thinking. People who disagree with you ideas will use any mistake in your plan to discredit your idea. A way to prevent this is by using your ego in this situation. Detailed preparation will reduce if not eliminate the amount of flaws in your plan. Assuming that if your idea is clear to you, it will be clear to others. This is not true. I have tried to express an idea that seems very clear to me, yet I can tell that I lost everyone by the confused look on everyone's face. It is the speakers job to ensure...
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...Week One Discussion Questions • What do you think is the difference between thinking and critical thinking? Why? • According to the text, good thinking is a habit. Which bad habits to you think hinder your ability to be a good thinker? Why? • What is active listening? How do you think active listening is related to critical thinking? • There are predictable stages through which every critical thinker must pass. Under what circumstances might one regress from one stage to a previous one? In your current stage of development as a critical thinker, have you progressed or regressed to this stage? • Review the following Elder and Paul articles in this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings: o “Critical Thinking: Nine Strategies for Everyday Life, Part I” o “Critical Thinking: Nine Strategies for Everyday Life, Part II” Choose one of the nine strategies. How might you apply it in your life to be a better student? Week Two Discussion Questions • Select three habits that hinder thinking from those discussed in Ch. 3 of The Art of Thinking. How have you struggled with these habits in the past? What can you do to overcome these habits and improve your thinking? • Even though life is dynamic and people go through major and minor changes almost daily, many people are resistant to change. This is especially true in the workplace. How can critical and creative thinking help overcome perceptual blocks that hinder thinking and productivity? If you were a manager...
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...Appendix D Assumptions and Fallacies Nanette McDowell Hum 111/ week 8 Assignment April 13, 2013 Bethany Bigler • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? An assumption is a thought or a way of someone’s thinking in which they believes are true without proof. For example, when I was young I thought that all white people did not like black people. As I became older to understand my thoughts and judgments, this assumption was not true at all. The assumption back then was perceived in my mind because of the kinds of people that I was around that influenced my judgment. I was overgeneralizing about white people not liking black people because of the environment at the time. We must identify inferences and assumptions in order to see what inferences are illogical when the assumptions that lead to them are not justifiable. Once you become skilled in identifying the inferences and assumptions you are in a better position to question the extent to which any of your assumptions are justified. The key is recognizing and questioning our inferences and assumptions. To avoid making false assumptions here are some tips that I follow: (eHow article), • “Be as objective as you can in making evaluative decisions. Whether you're at work, at home or with your friends, be as logical and fair as possible in your judgments. • Resist the urge to accept stereotypes. Even though...
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...doing my own critical thinking about this on going problem and issue. I have been doing my on research about the up coming problem in the community. It appear to me that something is in the drinking water, and that is becoming a big issue in the community. I been taken the drinking water to the lab and the water appear to be a hazard to the people that are living in this community. The different strategies that I been taken to solve this on going issue is testing the drinking water to back up my point with fact’s about this issue. The other strategies that I use to make the research is to go house to house asking questions about how much water did they drink per family a day. Every family that I ask have gotten sick right after drinking the water, and had to go see the doctor. I have proof of their medal records for each family living in the community that have gotten sick after drinking the water. I also have been seeing dead animals along the way beside the drinking wells that is in the community. I also called the Animal Control Unit to ask them can they test the animal body’s to see what cause there death. They told me that it was something that they take that was hazard. The assumption that I had to use to make sure not to interfere with my thinking is to back up my thinking with fact’s and evidence. As long as I have fact’s from my own research that would give me enough evidence to have a case. What take out other...
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...Running head: CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION PAPER Critical Thinking Application Paper Beatriz Whitman University of Phoenix Critical thinking: Strategies in decision-making 350 Robert Wenger July 26, 2010 Critical Thinking Application Paper Making decisions is a skill that people use daily in their personal and professional lives. Although people make decisions often, knowing how to think critically is a learned skill that not everyone does effectively. Thinking critically allows a decision-maker to analyze a problem or situation in a structured fashion to come to a sound conclusion. In this paper I will explain critical thinking and provide an example from my own personal experience applying critical thinking in the workplace. I will also look at the importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making process. “Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically” (The Critical Thinking Community [CTC], 2009, para 8). Effective critical thinkers are non-discriminatory, which enables them to consider all relevant viewpoints equally without letting assumptions or bias interfere. These strong-sense critical thinkers place value in the fair and just and make ethical decisions (Paul & Elder, 2006). To think critically, a person must have the ability to view...
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...Syllabus College of Humanities PHL/458 Version 2 Creative Minds and Critical Thinking Copyright © 2009, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description In this course, students will analyze the thinking process from a critical and creative perspective. The lives of prominent creative thinkers will be examined to identify the social, historical, psychological, and cultural elements that influenced their development. The salient aspects of creativity will be assessed along with the relationship between creativity and critical thinking. Students will apply critical thinking skills to contemporary creative and scientific thought. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: A guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Longman. All electronic materials are available on the student...
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... According to (Anderson & Sweeney, 2000) managers and economists use the decision-making process to analyze economic models. Decision-making process involves selection of the best alternative from many choices. It involves setting goals to make decisions, assessing alternative occupations and gathering information. When analyzing economic models, managers and economists note that there are fundamental assumptions that every model relies on to remain valid. These assumptions are present in all decision circumstances. Everyone in the society, from the small business owner to the billionaire investing in the real estate to the teenager applying a job makes some economic decisions at some point. The basic assumptions are surrounding decision-making process always apply. The primary factors surrounding economic decision making include; maximizing value, working on a budget, cost benefits analysis and rational decision making. The process of making economic decisions is complex as that of consumer decision making. When making decisions, businesses derive most of the critical choices from macroeconomics data, any of the choice made could mean the failure or success of their enterprise. The accuracy, reliability and validity of the information the business uses are of great importance (Tremmel, 2008). My aim in this paper, therefore, is to discuss and identify any decision-making processes. I will also consider incentives of stakeholders and how concepts such as equity, externalities...
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...------------------------------------------------- THINKING SKILLS AND PROBLEM SOLVING Student’s name: Nguyen Duy Quang DOB: 14/08/1992 ID: 121401134 Class: 12BOBA04 Lecturer’s name: Ms. Khanh Learning Centre: HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Date of Submission: 1 November 2013 Words: 2,867 Question 1 1. Introduction According to Ennis (1985), “Critical thinking is reasonably and reflectively deciding what to believe or do". Critical thinking is "the art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better: more clear, more accurate, or more defensible", Paul, Binker, Adamson, and Martin (1989). Critical thinking is best understood as the ability of thinkers to take charge of their own thinking. This requires that they develop sound criteria and standards for analyzing and assessing their own thinking and routinely use those criteria and standards to improve its quality. According to Michael, "Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness”. Benefits of critical thinking The quality...
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...Review Sheets HUM/114 Chapter One Developing Your Thinking * What is Thinking? `It is a searching for answers, a reaching for meaning Thinking-is any mental activity that helps formulate or solve a problem, make a decision, or fulfill a desire to understand Careful observation includes: * Remembering * Wondering * Imagining * Interpreting * Evaluating * Judging * Importance of Thinking Successful problem solving and issue analysis require factual knowledge, factual knowledge is already known so to be a successful problem solver, you will need both * Brain and Mind at Work Thinking occurs in patterns that we can study and compare to determine objectivity, validity, and effectiveness The very structure of the brain implies integration between the two hemispheres Right Hemisphere-governs the non-verbal, symbolic, and intuitive responses Left Hemisphere-governs the use of language, logical reasoning, analysis, and performance of sequential tasks The mind has two distinct phases: * Production Closely associated with creative thinking and produces various conceptions of the problem, various ways to deal with the problem, and possible solutions Good Thinkers: * Adept at using a variety of techniques * See the problem from many perspectives * Consider many investigative approaches * Produce many ideas before turning to judgment * More willing to take intellectual...
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...chairperson of the Mingo Group and she has desired to be the franchisee of one of the leading restaurant in U S A and she wants to operate it in her mother land. Sharmin Rodrigo is a well educated woman and she is successful business woman because she could build the leading business empire with in decade in her country. Mingo Group is a well diversified business. Once the negotiation got successful she invested million of rupees to secure the franchise with McDew which operates the renowned fast food chain in more than 130 countries with over 2000 restaurants. Sharmin planned to open 10 restaurants in her motherland and initially she started in the leading cities of the country. When she is stating this McDew there was some political interfere on that and in such cases she has to change her business plan also. Almost six months ahead to the opening she has sent 100 employees who have got selected to the personal desire of the Sharmin to an...
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...level, the ability to solve problems through collaborative efforts and managing change is crucial in achieving overall success. It is imperative that the team establishes a common goal and creates roles and responsibilities. Once identifying conflict and the reasons why it occurs, team members should look for peaceful and mutually satisfying methods to minimize conflict. Learning to work as a team is a critical organizational competency that is based on the characteristics of the team. Participation on a team does not require that one change his/her personality. Interpersonal skills and technical skills are a good combination of skills to blend. An important aspect when constructing a team is that the team members share the same objectives and goals and is clear on the mission and purpose of the team. An effective team is a group of people with different backgrounds, skills and abilities, highly communitive, working together on a common purpose with clearly defined goals blending successfully, and getting along. Goal setting, clarifying the reason for the team coming together and what the team hopes to accomplish must be further defined as well as methods to measure progress. An open line of communication is very important to the success of the team. Responsibilities and tasks associated with the project should be clearly explained so that the members of the team are aware of their contributions to the effective and efficient outcome of the product. Multiple methods of communication...
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...Transferable Skills Development MGT 495 Instructor: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram LECTURE-1 Course Description: • This course on Transferable Skills Development uses a unique three-pronged approach - theory, application, and skill development - to make key concepts relevant to today's students. • The course combines traditional theory with cutting-edge today`s Transferable Skills Development issues & Challenges that focuses on key elements. • Packed with real-world examples, the course illustrates how successful managers deal with challenges, as well as provides students with step-by-step guidelines for effectively handling skills development functions. • Experiential exercises, action learning, individual and group work, role plays, reflective exercises, and self assessment included in this course would help students to immediately apply to their personal and professional lives. Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: • Develop skills in managing oneself, other people, groups, and ultimately organizations. • Develop rich set of softer interpersonal, influencing, team-building, conflict management, and communications skills. • Understand organizational performance, and career success in modern, dynamic and complex organizations. Transferable Skills Development: Transferable Skills Development is more than getting work done through people. It is developing...
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...skill, and one that is in great demand for those in pursuit of wicked problems. By Matthew E. May OBSERVE FIRST, DESIGN SECOND: TAMING THE TRAPS OF TRADITIONAL THINKING THE IMPOVERISHED ECONOMY in rural northern Nigeria is based on subsistence farming. The large population inhabiting the many isolated communities survives by growing, consuming and selling fruits and vegetables nourished by the many streams and rivers that flow into Lake Chad. However, the arid heat of the semi-desert geography presents a significant problem: rapid food decay. Perishables last no more than a few days before spoiling. The solution would seem easy enough: refrigeration. But the problem is far more complex than simply being too poor to afford a refrigerator. For starters, there is no electricity. Mohammed Bah Abba, a Nigerian-born adviser to the United Nations Development Program in Jigawa, knew that this problem was even more far-reaching. The women of this predominantly polygamist society are segregated from the men and confined to their homes—a cultural practice called purdah. As a result, the 40 / Rotman Magazine Spring 2012 young girls of the family are forced to travel long distances to large markets each day to sell the food as soon as it is harvested, leaving little, if any, time for school. Furthermore, much of what is produced is either sold cheap or wasted, resulting in losses to an already meager income, or sold in a partly spoiled state, resulting in health hazards. The very...
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...become dogmatic. Limitations of common sense as a social practice Limitations can be intangible or elusiveness in nature. According to this limitation, common sense is based on clues often too complex and subtle to be rationally explained and systematically described. Intrinsic limitations Intrinsic limitations are limited in scope and inaccurate in nature. Limited scope means that common sense is limited one’s own experiences which is not taking into account all aspects of reality. Imprecision limitations mean that common sense relies on ‘rule of thumb' methods and, therefore, is not very precise. With those limitations listed, it is no wonder why critical thing is more reliable. Critical thinking is judicious (deliberate and thorough) thinking (correct reasoning) about what to believe and, therefore, what to do. Critical thinking is neither negative, passive, destructive, nor adversarial; it is not cold, calculating, and unfeeling;...
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...Potential — for what? What every CEO should know – new insights into selecting the right leaders to secure your competitive future. Potential — for what? 1 Contents Potential — for what? Break-through approaches to selecting future leaders 2 3 5 Is your employee or candidate ready, willing and able to take on the next role? The ‘growth’ factors that enable people to develop over time Derailers: Is it them? Is it you? (It is probably both) Potential — for what? A roadmap Understanding the job and its context Best practices in assessing potential Summary – 5 key steps to Identifying and Managing Potential Leadership Roles Matrix Leadership Competencies 8 11 13 15 16 17 18 19 ©2006 Hay Group. All Rights Reserved www.haygroup.com Potential — for what? Potential — for what? CEOs at the world’s most successful companies know that they can only safeguard their business’s competitive future if they have the right leaders to develop and implement their strategy. While CEOs know they can also hire external candidates, they also know that the track record of outside hires can be very unpredictable. CEOs and HR Directors from those organizations seen as best by their peers for managing talent, prefer to ensure they develop a good bench-strength of talent from inside their own organizations. For many years CEOs at the world’s most successful companies – such as GE, P&G, BP – have seen the importance of securing their long term competitive...
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