...Homeopathy and Naturopathy: Nature Benefiting Nurture According to the 2009 Milliman Medical Index, an average family of four, covered by an employer-sponsored preferred provider organization (PPO) insurance plan, will still spend almost $17,000 in medical expenses annually. Traditional doctors charge outrageous prices for medical care that is generated to target a broad array of ailments as well as prescribe chemically infused drugs that cause harmful side effects. Traditional prescriptions also lack a singular healing focus, and target multiple issues-even when unneeded. Alternative medical options are growing more popular as individuals branch out in search of more natural healing options. Naturopathic and Homeopathic treatments are becoming more influential as individuals search for a way to avoid harmful side effects, courtesy of chemically infused drugs, as well as less expensive forms of medical care. The principle of Homeopathy has been known since the time of Hippocrates, the founder of medicine, around 450. Over a thousand years later Paracelsus, a Swiss alchemist, employed the same system based on the principle of ‘like cures like’. In the late 18th century Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, an accomplished and admired German physician evolved the concept of Homeopathy. Disgusted with the inhumane and at times barbaric medical practices of the time, he began to develop and practice safe, gentle, and effective methods of healing. Dr. Hahnemann...
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...AYUSH is a collective system of Ayurveda,yoga,unani,siddha and homeopathy. Ayurveda is the oldest system of medicine in India which uses diet, herbal treatment and breathing. Yoga involves simple breathing exercises and breathing control,simple meditation,relaxation of the body and mind. Unani is based on the concept of phlegm,blood,yellow bile and black bile. Correct balance of these 4 must be maintained to be in god health and free of disease. Siddha -according to Siddha medicine sytem ,diet and lifestyle play a major role not only in health but also in curing disease. Homeopathy is a system of medicine for the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms similar to those of the disease. These traditional systems have age old age acceptance in the communities in India and in most places they form the first line of treatment in case of common ailments. Nowadays the practice of Yoga has become a part of everyday life.practice of Yoga improves a person's resistance to disease and promotes healthy living. These AYUSH systems of medicine a well accepted by the communities particularly in the rural areas because these are socially acceptable ,comparatively safe and readily available which can be prepared locally . Therefore it is possible to make these systems accessible to the people in general and patients in particular. I would like to share an example. I have an aunt in north India.all her life...
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...List and explain the three Knowledge Sources of the Unified Medical Language System. There are three UMLS Knowledge Sources: the Metathesaurus®, the Semantic Network, and the SPECIALIST Lexicon. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) creates the Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®) to facilitate the development of computer systems that act as if they "understand" the meaning of the language of biomedicine and health. This system is modernized twice a year in May and November. The Metathesaurus®, is a customizable, multi-purpose, and multi-lingual vocabulary database that is organized by concept, or meaning. It connects alternative names and views of the same concepts from different source vocabularies and identifies useful relationships between different concepts The Semantic Network consists of a set of broad subject categories, or semantic types, that provide a consistent categorization of all concepts represented in the UMLS. Also incorporated in this network is a set of practical and significant relationships, or semantic relations, that exist between semantic types, e.g., treats, diagnoses, and contains. The scope of the Semantic Network is broad, allowing for the semantic categorization of a wide range of expressions in multiple domains. The SPECIALIST Lexicon supplies the word usage information needed for the SPECIALIST Natural Language Processing (NLP) System. The Lexicon is a general English language dictionary that includes many biomedical terms...
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...The Metropolitan Medical Task Force was created in order for the city to be aware of how to nature of a terrorist attack in the case one would occur. The exercises were not successful in the sense that the first responders such as firefighters, police officers, the coordinators, and directors were all working against each other. Each department had their own ideas of emergency preparedness and was not open-minded to new and improved ideas which could benefit the city. Prior to the training exercises, the directors of each department would meet to discuss why this task force was put together and introduce the director of the task force to make sure everyone was aware whom was put in charge and the reason Director Edwards was chosen for the position. During the meeting where everyone could become familiar with one another so that no one would feel superior or inferior, everyone could put their best efforts and suggest ideas regarding the exercises that would eventually take place. This is when the table top exercises could come into effect before a full exercise so that everyone would be on the same page....
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...Quality of Romanian medical services “Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skillful execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives.” ~William A. Foster Introduction In our life, health of people is the most important because it means everything since on it depends the well being of persons, families, companies, countries. All medical services should be accessible and offered at a very high level of quality which to allow and ensure future proper health status and people in good condition as active work force. If we are not able to do so we take the risk that the whole society and economy pay the price by having weak, not healthy work force, able to deliver only poor and medium results. This is the reason for which we should do our best to manage as good as possible for higher quality and continuous improvement. This paper presents Romanian payment and compensation system in comparison with some other countries’ systems and ways to improving quality of health services. Quality of Romanian and other countries health systems Medical care in Romania is generally not up to Western standards, and basic medical supplies are limited, especially outside major cities. Some medical providers that meet Western quality standards are available in Bucharest and other cities but can be difficult to locate. Sanitary conditions in hospitals are variable. Nursing care and...
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...care in the US-a system or not Angela Stafford University of Phoenix Health care organizations and delivery systems HCS/531 Russell Arenz III November 08, 2010 Health care in the US-a system or not A system is defined by Mosby's medical dictionary as "a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole" (Mosby's 2009). Health care system is defined as "the complete network of agencies, facilities, and all providers of health care in a specified geographic area" (Ginsbury, Doherty, Ralston, & Senkeeto, 2008, p. 55). To make a system complete there has to be parts that bring it together. This paper will explore some of the components of a health care system, fundamental goals of a system and whether or not these components and goals interact with each other to form a whole. How medical treatment is arranged, financed and delivered are components of a healthcare system. Treatment is organized by the providers that offer the treatment and whether the providers are practicing in private practice, in small or large groups, or in corporate associations. Financing treatment includes any entity involved in payment of treatment services including the individual who requires the service or any type of insurance agency. Treatment delivery refers to the place treatment is provided, for example, rural or urban locations and inpatient or outpatient settings. Three fundamental objectives of a health care system include treating...
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...Bodily Systems and the Spatial-Functional Structure of the Human Body Barry Smith, PhD1,2, Igor Papakin1, Katherine Munn1 1Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. The human body as conceived by medical science is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. These are subdivded into many subsystems at a variety of levels whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with other systems and subsystems. In this essay we offer an explicit definition of bodily system, and explicit means for understanding these causal interactions. Whereas informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will define bodily system, and will take some first steps toward understanding the causal relationships bodily systems have with their subsystems. 1. Introduction Ontology plays an increasingly significant role in work on terminology and knowledge management systems in the domain of biomedical informatics, and we hold that it will play an essential role in biomedical research of the future. The term ‘ontology’ must, however, be understood in the right way [1]. The dominant paradigm might be referred to as ‘applications...
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...compare two health care systems in the USA, the GPs and NHS systems, the relation between expenditure on these systems and efficiency of them. Another aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care cervices. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current...
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...Maria Hernandez Ms. Lily Healthcare System History The aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care services. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946) Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current health care system was established after the World war II, when private doctors were serving...
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...organizational approaches to studying the human body. The Body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic, body systems, and medical specialties. Body plans and directions divide the body into many different sections such as, the front and back, the right and left and the top and bottom. The body direction stands for movement towards and away from the planes. This approach may be used in a MRI in a hospital or treatment facility. MRI’s, are used to help create an image of the body slices. This would also help divide the human body into anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior as well as distal and proximal. The body cavities are surrounded by bones and muscles in order to help support and protect the body’s organs, as well as the structure within the body’s cavities. The abdominal cavity is a part of the reproductive system which is also used for giving child birth. Quadrant and regions helps divide the abdominopelvic area in to either four quadrants or nine regions. All health care specialists’ refer to the quadrants during an internal exam. An internal exam could be done to check many things such as the colon, the pelvic, as well as all internal organs. Anatomy and physiology are used to study the structure of the body as well as how the body functions as a whole. The body can be examined as well as studied according to the functions and the structure of the body. This procedure can be done in a doctor’s office in order...
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...years that helped define the American health care system of the present. Two articles are taken from two textbooks and the other article found online these articles help support the concept that our past behaviors had a direct hand at why health care is so costly and unobtainable to those who absolutely need it. What all texts seem to have in common is the facts that high cost of medical care will prevent the proper care of individuals; technology will continue to advance, medical professionals will continue to treat the ill and the fear of the government involvement will always be present in the minds of a few Americans. THE UNOBTAINABLE ENTITY: WHY MOST AMERICANS STILL DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE There are various aspects and characteristics of American healthcare from the 18th and 19th century that have had a major impact shaping today's US healthcare system. Unlike the rest of the world the United States of America has vehemently and historically rejected universal health insurance. Because of this, our health care has been run in part privately and with minimal assistance from the government. The issue with this can be seen with those who cannot afford health insurance nor qualify for government aided insurance. The preindustrial and postindustrial era each had a major hand at the structure of health care system we see today. However the main aspects and characteristics that had shaped said healthcare system are technological advances, social changes and...
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...Zhixing Xiong Information System 309 Technology Report 8/12/2010 EHR Software Without being healthy, you can hardly enjoy other things, so Physicians and nurses are here to take care of patients. Therefore, while taking well care of patients, getting paid is also important for health care professionals. In statistics, the entire United States has a great amount of more than 1.7 trillion dollars allocated in health care industry. There are still many areas that in health care industry need to be improved. Medical billing process system is one of the big sections and directly determines the benefits of all roles in health care industry. The traditional of doing medical billing that is still being used by many small practices and physicians is considered time-wasting, low-cost efficiency, and error making to compare with new idea of EHR. Before the idea of EHR came out, when a patient visits a doctor, doctor will record medical procedure that has done to that patient and the patient’s diagnosed health problems on patient encounter. Then, the doctor has to hire someone deliver the patient records to hired medical billing company. After medical billers receive and file the patients’ doctor visits records to insurance, the whole process for a doctor getting paid is almost three or more weeks later after patient’s visit. Excluding other disadvantages, this is how complicate and time wasting the traditional...
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...health care cost. Alternative medicine (as defined by NCCAM) is “using a non-mainstream approach in place of conventional medicine.” Conventional medicine is medicine as practiced by holders of M.D. (Medical Doctor) or D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) degrees and by their allied health professionals such as physical therapists, psychologists, and registered nurses. Over 40 percent of Americans today practice or utilize some type of alternative medicine to maintain their health. More physicians are accepting alternative medicines as a more holistic way to treat their patients. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) has classified alternative medicines into five main categories: Whole medical systems, Mind-body medicine, Biologically based practices, Manipulative and body-based practices, and Energy medicine. The following paragraphs will briefly discuss each of these categories; and some of the common treatments utilized today. Whole medical systems are many practices that center on a philosophy, such as the power of nature or the presence of energy in your body. Examples include ancient healing systems that have origins from ayurveda from India and traditional Chinese medicine. There are two subcategories within the whole medical system; homeopathy and Naturopathy. Homeopathy uses minute doses of a substance that causes symptoms to stimulate the body’s self-healing response, and Naturopathy focuses on the use of noninvasive treatments...
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...chemical and/or molecular toxicology in a sense. Scientists need to study natural situations to understand life processes and to investigate how introducing a particular substance can change living systems. It is often helpful to break a process into steps and then investigate how introduction of the substance affects each step. This first stage in toxicity assessment takes place in vitro. The investigator can pinpoint the various changes that could occur when a compound encounters a living cell and then make safety recommendations. Only a few substances successfully pass these initial trials. Those substances must then be tested further. Humans and other living things—plants, animals, and even molds and bacteria—are complex systems. The processes in any organism are far more complicated than just the sum of the individual parts. It is difficult to replicate at the lab bench the complex interactions. When safety is not assured, ethical research procedures restrict testing on humans. Additional experiments must be performed using other animals first, with the vast majority of animals now used being rats and mice. This is meant to avoid possible toxicity to humans as a result of chemical and molecular changes that occur in some organs and cause harm to other organs, systems and population at large. Chemicals and/or molecules and biological organs, biological...
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...information on what is called electronic medical record (EMR) or electronic health record (EHR). As of 2013, 78.4% of office-based physicians are currently using an EMR system (Electronic Medical Records/Electronic Health Records (EMRs/EHRs)). According to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, all public and private healthcare providers and other eligible professionals must have adopted and demonstrated “meaningful use” of EMR by January 1, 2014, in order to maintain their existing reimbursement levels of Medicaid and Medicare (University Alliance). In the late 1960’s, Larry Weed introduced the idea of what would develop into the current EMR. Previously, physicians would record patient information and encounters on paper. To a great extent, physicians resent the task of documentation, as it detracts from their primary task: taking care of patients (History of EMR). Physicians also resent the duplication of effort required with documentation, as every medication that is written on a prescription pad, every lab test ordered, every x-ray ordered has to be re-written in the chart to maintain a good record (History of EMR). The Regenstreif Institute developed the first medical record in 1972 and though this was viewed as a major advance in medical practice, physicians were not completely open to the new technology (History of EMR). Today, EMR systems are becoming more widely used in hospitals and clinics, but the adoption of these systems is still far from universal. We believe...
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