...The Whooping Cough: A Rising Epidemic Zion Apple July 16th, 2015 Course #498 Capstone The Whooping Cough: A Rising Epidemic Zion Apple July 16th, 2015 Course #498 Capstone Abstract This research paper informs you about the disease pertussis or whooping cough as others may call it. This disease has been around for a very long time and even though there has been a vaccine for over 50 years, this disease seems to still be a problem. Experts are always working around the clock to find new and improved vaccines to rid the world of the pertussis bacteria. In the first section of the text the author will describe the history of the bacteria that cause the whooping cough and exactly what it is comprised of and the toxins that it carries which make the bacteria so deadly and hard to figure out and treat. The signs and symptoms of this disease are very similar to those of the common cold so many people often mistake it as such and do not seek medical advice until it is too late. The second portion of the text is going to tell you about the recent and past trends of the disease in the United States. The numbers are unpredictable and no one can seem to put a finger on the actual reason why this is, there are a few opinions however. There are a few new vaccines that have been introduced to the world and the hopes are that they will be as helpful as the old vaccine that was given over 50 years ago. “Whooping cough affects approximately 48.5 million people every year, of...
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...Zygomycosis and Whooping Cough Two Pathogens That Cause Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are illnesses are highly transmissible and are caused by pathogens. The pathogens live and multiply in the body of the host and they cause damage to the cells and lead to various complications depending on their target organs. The most common types of pathogens include bacteria, protozoa, fungi and Viruses. The modes of action when the pathogens get into the host organism are similar. They first multiply then start destroying different tissues and cells in the host organism. They may release toxins that make the host environment conducive for their survival. The toxins harm the cells of the host organism, thus leading to different illnesses. The illnesses caused are normally very infectious, and they may lead to epidemics. This paper will compare and contrast the pathogens causing whooping cough and zygomycosis. Causal pathogens Whooping cough and Zygomycosis are some of the infectious diseases caused by different pathogens. In whooping cough, the pathogen infects the respiratory system, causing severe coughing in the victims. It is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Zygomycosis is a broad range of fungal infectious diseases that affect the face; particularly the nasal cavity, and the eyes as well as the skin. It is caused by fungi in the Mucorales and Entomophthorales (Vazquez Para 1). The pathogens causing whooping cough and Zygomycosis...
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...“Prevention is better than cure.” This common statement could not relate any better than it does with the controversy surrounding the morality, effectiveness, and safety of childhood immunizations. The major argument is whether or not laws should be established to declare vaccination mandatory for all children. “The US food and Drug administration (FDA) regulates all vaccines to ensure safety and effectiveness,” (ProCon.org, 2012) therefor there should not be any reason to risk the health of any child. Vaccinating our children not only ensures their safety but also that of their future to come. The first major concern parents have when it comes to childhood vaccinations is that of the health and safety of their children. Some parents believe that vaccines were developed to help the spread against dangerous transmittable diseases. Other parents are under the impression that vaccines themselves present high risk factors for their children. Both have strong arguing points in this controversy and have good reason to believe in what they do. Proponents argue and the facts clearly show that since the emergence of vaccines in the twentieth century for common life threatening diseases, such as measles and diphtheria, the related number of deaths has decreased by more than 500%. On the other side, opponents argue that childhood vaccines are responsible for the dramatic increase of autoimmune diseases. Many proponents argue that childhood vaccination is vital and should be...
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...vaccines, the majority of people remain disease free and protect other people like infants, and other immunocompromised people (people whose immune system is impaired). Unfortunately, people who refuse vaccination for themselves impact the herd immunity negatively as they cause the herd immunity to risk failing. As more people start to refuse vaccination, this protection can come down and those people who depend on herd immunity risk getting infected. Bailey describes that “infants cannot be vaccinated against whooping cough, so their protection against this dangerous disease depends upon the fact that most of us are immunized against it” (3). This scenario is a critical example on how important it is to be vaccinated, and with mandatory vaccinations we can protect babies and other immunocompromised people. Bailey states “whooping cough incidence rates have been increasing along with the number of people refusing immunizations” and that “the annual number of [whopping cough] cases fell to a low of 1,010 in 1976…but the number of reported cases rose to 48,277, the highest number since 1955. Eighteen infants died of the disease in 2012, and half of the infants who got it were hospitalized” (3). People who refuse vaccinations risk the lives of other people and themselves, however with compulsory immunizations we could decrease the number of people infected and sustain herd community. Lastly, mandatory vaccines will help save time and money. When children get sick they miss school...
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...Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Assignment 5: Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with VisualsYour Name Lisa Teitler Eng 215 March 13, 2016 Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Today’s vaccinations are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to ensure their effectiveness and safety to the general public. Currently there are no federal laws which mandates vaccination, but there is a vaccination requirement per state for children entering school. The chart below details which vaccines are mandated for public school by several states: Children who are not vaccinated have a greater chance of death than children who received the required vaccinations. The safety of vaccinations is in questioned by many, asking if they are safe for children to receive. They are safe and should be required for children since those vaccinations help prevent illnesses, lower the risk for some diseases and it might even cause financial growth. There are several advantages of receiving the recommended vaccines. One advantage is that they are designed to put foreign antigens into the body so the body will produce antibodies to fight it off. The body will produce two types of immune responses when an antigen is introduced in order to ensure total immunity from the disease. Vaccines ensure that children get immunity from diseases instead of contracting them. Having immunity is a major advantage...
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...always fought against diseases and famine. But it seemed like they found a way to fight back by use of vaccinations when Edward Jenner created the first smallpox vaccine in 1796. As the years go on, vaccinations have become a major controversial topic since many believe they may be able to trigger disabilities and cause side effects, even though they save countless lives. The Centers for Disease Control recommends children get vaccinations from birth to age six but there happens to be no federal law that make vaccinations mandatory, though all 50 states require specific vaccines for children entering the public school system. Though there are many pros to vaccines, many people believe they can lead to health problems. In the following research paper, they will all be presented and discussed. Vaccines, the development of medicines, and hospitals have helped humans...
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...vaccines are beneficial or harmful to their kid’s health? Some claim that vaccinations are needless and unsafe. With the misleading information in parent’s ears they are stuck with the big question. Should I vaccinate my child? Since this vaccine debate, “about 40 percent of American parents today has chosen to delay certain vaccines or outright refuse to allow their children’s physicians to vaccinate their children with one or more of the recommended or mandated vaccines” (Largent). As the rates of being vaccinated go down, it is putting not only that child in danger but also the whole community. Diseases that were once gone are on the rise.” A 2013 study published in the journal Pediatrics reports that California’s worst whooping-cough outbreak, which infected more than 9,000 people (Rothstein)”. Also “the CDC reports that from Jan. 1 to Feb. 28, 2014, 54 people in the U.S. have reported being infected with measles” (Sifferlin). The issue with the decrease in vaccination rates is it disturbs herd immunity. Herd immunity is having a necessary number of people to get vaccinated to decrease the chance of a disease to spread in a community. The purpose of herd immunity is to protect those not vaccinated and those where the vaccine did not fully complete immunity for any reason from disease. The proportion of the...
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...when deciding whether or not to have a child vaccinated. Vaccines are made up of products that stimulate a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease. They are usually administered through needle injections by mouth or sprayed into the nose. They are made up of small amounts of weakened or dead versions of bacteria, viruses, or other antigens that stimulate the immune system to create antibodies that prevent future infections from the disease. There are fourteen vaccine-preventable diseases that are considered potentially serious and have been routinely vaccinated against; these are: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Meningococcal, Rotavirus, Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal disease, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB disease). Not long ago, these diseases disabled and killed millions of American children but because of the United States high compliance with childhood immunization schedules, these diseases have now become very uncommon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Immunization is a subject that evokes very strong opinions in the public and usually creates a lot of debate as to their efficacy, safety, and reliability. The main questions parents have to answer are whether to immunize or not, and do the risks of the disease outweigh the risks of the vaccine. To condense, some normal advantages of being...
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...Online 15 September 2015 Research Question Essay 1. I started researching with a couple ideas in my mind. I decided to base all my research on Immunizations because I really think I can deliver a good paper on this subject. I have wanted to dig into the controversy about immunizations for a while now. The main reason is that my wife was not immunized and it was a strong desire of hers that her kids are not immunized. I was immunized and always thought I would immunize my children. I think this subject for me would be extremely beneficial to learn more about. There have been numerous claims of immunizations causing autism, and other serious medical conditions. Are theses claims all hype or are they truth? This is what I intend to learn for myself. In the early 1900's we as a people started with one vaccine against small pox. To vaccinate fully in today's society it means 48 vaccines in the first 6 years of your child's life. That is a lot of vaccines compared to twenty years ago, but is it worth the risk? I am the father of two small children and the idea of something happening to them on my watch scares me to death. For me to take them to the doctor and have an immunization give them brain damage or worse is just not a scenario that I would be able to cope with. The flipside however is that immunizations are there so that when a virus like polio or whooping cough goes viral the child that has had the immunizations are much safer. The research question is, Are Immunizations...
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...Chamberlain College of Nursing Week-4 Ethics Paper May 29, 2016 While some parents see vaccination as a medical necessity others see it as endangering their children. This is one of the main problems that first time mother face. Example when I became a mother I was confused when I was asked about vaccinating my child. Like many people I did not fully understand the benefits and side effect of vaccination so I only agreed because I was told it was good for my child. On the other hand, I did my own research online and majority of what I came across talks about why not to vaccinate your child. Studies as show that vaccination prevent childhood diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, whooping cough and chicken pox. While some may say that vaccination is the best way to protect our children some will also argue that injecting chemicals to our children is not safe. Over the years I have come across many people that believe that vaccinating their child was the cause of their children autism and other behavior problems. Working on the autism units in a mental hospital for children we often come across patients that are strongly against vaccination and sometimes medications because it is believe that adding what was not created in the body to the body is dangerous and only makes their child worst. Some parents believe that refusing to vaccinate their child is their chose (which it is) and that it only affects their child; sadly, it is not true since vaccination are based on...
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...Vaccines: The Right Choice? Alex Hauke Walmart Pharmacy Abstract This research paper takes an in depth look at the question of whether vaccines are the right choice when it comes to your health and staying healthy. Opposing views say that vaccines are unsafe and pose more risks than benefits, this paper explores those claims using rebuttable sources and helps readers to better understand vaccines and what their benefits and risks are. Most believe that the benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks but some still have doubts and some very rare cases of vaccines causing disease have added to this doubt. This paper explores the world of vaccines in an effort to educate the less knowledgeable. Research Findings Introduction The history of vaccines begins with the long history of infectious disease in humans, and usually it is reported that the origin goes back as far as Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, 400 B.C. He described diphtheria, mumps, and epidemic jaundice among other conditions (Hussein, et al. 2015). The earliest methods of immunization and protection against smallpox dates back to about 1000 A.D., and are attributed to the Chinese. It has been said that the son of a Chinese statesmen was inoculated against smallpox by blowing powdered smallpox sores into his nostrils. Another way of inoculation was the removal of fluid from the sores of an infected person and then rubbing it into a cut or scratch of a healthy individual. It took almost six centuries...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: College: Date: Animals in Biomedical Research From history, man depends on animals for survival, either as mode of transport or source of food. However, animals are used for many other purposes in the current world. Scientists are using animals for experimenting and testing drugs that prescribed to cure many diseases, for instance, HIV/AIDS. For many years, animals’ experiments have been used to discover new ailments and the drugs that could cure them. However, there are so many organizations that are trying to fight for animal rights by preventing animal experiments. Stopping the use of animals for scientific research can hinder progress in new findings and discoveries in the health sector. Animals have been used for scientific research because their body functions are almost similar to that of human beings. Human suffering should be drastically reduced as a first priority by ensuring that the humans don’t die because simple and treatable diseases. Animal suffering and death should come as a second priority after taking care of humans needs. Scientists should be able to use animals for research to prevent any possible deaths in human beings. Disease like tumors can be experimented and tested on animals and not on man to avoid suffering of human beings. Health of human beings has advanced due research carried out on animals. Major killers like diabetes heart attack and cancer have been treated well due to improved medicine. Some diseases mostly...
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...autism (Gross, 2009). Because of this lack of trust in vaccinations, the US saw the largest outbreak of measles in 2008, a disease that was declared eliminated in 2000, due to decreased rates of vaccinations (Ratzan, 2010). Mumps and whooping cough also made a comeback. By 2007, over 5,000 parents of children with autism had sued for compensation. One case in November of 2007 solidified beliefs that vaccines cause autism. The Department of Health and Human Services acknowledged that vaccines had aggravated a preexisting disorder in a baby girl, which caused “regressive encephalopathy with features of...
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...Herald article produced by Julie Szego, her stances towards Anti-vaxxers are very subjective and non-academic. Overall, it can be agreed with scientific and medical evidence that, vaccinations do strengthen a human being’s immune system; however with the contention that Julie has followed through…she fails to convey the validity and instead creates segregation between the supporting views. This paper aims to critique Julie’s methodology of delivering her concern, whilst providing adjustments on how this piece would have been written, if this piece were to be an objective scientific review. Vaccinations are essential for strengthening one’s immune system, via defending the body against invading organisms by producing an...
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...Should a child be vaccinated? Should a child be vaccinated? Paul Kim Period 8 There is nothing worse than seeing an adolescent life being taken away from a dangerous disease. It is really painful knowing that person will never get to live to see their full potential and experience life. Diseases cause many deaths every year, it is inevitable. Bacteria are contained in every disease and one way it is absorbed is by being inhaled by the people, which will infect the body as a whole. It is really simple in that bacteria will continue to live freely and happily while the host will have to suffer the effects of it. Some diseases are caused by viruses. A virus is basically a non-living infection that attacks the immune system and tries infecting other living cells. Children are much more vulnerable to diseases compared to adults because of the fact that their immune systems is still developing. Children are weak because they haven’t lived life long enough to gain immunity to diseases. So how could children protect themselves from diseases one may ask? Taking vaccination early will not only protect you from diseases, but greatly improve your immune system to counter all the other diseases. The invention of medical immunizations has not only been used to heal from the disease, but also to keep the spread of disease low. Having immunizations available have greatly lowered the amount of deaths in the world. Vaccination should continue to stay mandatory because it keeps diseases...
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