...authority and the decentralization of decision making. Fourthly, people are filled into each key role, with different competences and leadership styles. And finally, rewards provide incentives to the organization by paying differentials, promotions, etc.1 Leadership, in this essay, as a practical skill, is the ability of an individual to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or the entire organizations.2 In the following example analysis, we will discuss the leadership in detail. 2. EXAMPLES CONSIDERING BOTH 'STABLE' AND 'CHANGING' STATE 2.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES The organization capabilities in stable and changing state are similar, as they are built for a long term and cannot be changed in a short term, especially in big organizations. Take the professional service firms (law firms, consulting firms, audit firms, etc.) as an example, the professional service firm is organized differently from traditional companies. Firm is project-oriented. The strategy of the firm that searching for more projects and using less cost to complete all the projects, which is vivid and without any changes. To follow this strategy, in firms, the process is very simple and also doesn’t change so much. People of different levels deal with different levels assignments. Each one’s performance is planned by their head in detail. As the head is...
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...people. Don’t be confused by the sequence of the illustrations in your book – the very earliest of the artistic works we have is the “Woman [or ‘Venus’] of Willendorf”. Was this a sculpture of a specific woman? Does it show details? Is its nudity indicative of a lusty sexual obsession of the artist? Why would this subject be a priority for early expression? Really ponder these questions independently for a moment before reading on. If early Mankind was aware of anything, it was that life is CYCLICAL. There are cycles of the moon, of rivers flooding, menstrual cycles, childbearing cycles, seasonal cycles, cycles of the day from sunrise to sunset, etc.. Woman is the source of life and the womb and breasts nourish new life. No, this is not a statue of a particular woman – the features are very abstract and generic. The artist pays homage to womankind as a whole and to her epitomizing the cycles of life which impacted every day. Thousands of years later, we have the fascinating cave paintings of Lascaux. These paintings are mysterious for their location, but they quite clearly focus on the “HUNT” of the hunter-gatherer groups. No one can say for sure, but perhaps the animals were drawn as a strategic diagram before the...
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...some of the earliest inhabitants of Brazil or even South America and are first referenced in South American history during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when they resisted the Portuguese (Neel, 55). They have had many conflicts with the Brazilian government over the years but are known for being a fierce people because of their success in retaining some of their lands, unlike most indigenous groups in Brazil. The Xavante currently are located on seven different reservations and number around ten thousand,...
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...RICHARD DAWKINS-The Selfish Gene. Ebook v1.0. 'Who should read this book? Everyone interested in the universe and their place in it.' Jeffrey R. Baylis, Animal Behaviour Our genes made us. We animals exist for their preservation and are nothing more than their throwaway survival machines. The world of the selfish gene is one of savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit. But what of the acts of apparent altruism found in nature-the bees who commit suicide when they sting to protect the hive, or the birds who risk their lives to warn the flock of an approaching hawk? Do they contravene the fundamental law of gene selfishness? By no means: Dawkins shows that the selfish gene is also the subtle gene. And he holds out the hope that our species-alone on earth-has the power to rebel against the designs of the selfish gene. This book is a call to arms. It is both manual and manifesto, and it grips like a thriller. The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins's brilliant first book and still his most famous, is an international bestseller in thirteen languages. For this new edition there are two major new chapters. 'learned, witty, and very well written...exhilaratingly good.' Sir Peter Medawar, Spectator Richard Dawkins is a Lecturer in Zoology at Oxford University and a Fellow of Mew College, and the author of The Blind Watchmaker. Preface to 1976 edition This book should be read almost as though it were science fiction. It is designed to appeal to the imagination. But it is not science...
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...Acclaim for Yann Martel's Life of Pi "Life of Pi is not just a readable and engaging novel, it's a finely twisted length of yarn— yarn implying a far-fetched story you can't quite swallow whole, but can't dismiss outright. Life of Pi is in this tradition—a story of uncertain veracity, made credible by the art of the yarn-spinner. Like its noteworthy ancestors, among which I take to be Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver's Travels, the Ancient Mariner, Moby Dick and Pincher Martin, it's a tale of disaster at sea coupled with miraculous survival—a boys' adventure for grownups." —Margaret Atwood, The Sunday Times (London) "A fabulous romp through an imagination by turns ecstatic, cunning, despairing and resilient, this novel is an impressive achievement. . . . Martel displays the clever voice and tremendous storytelling skills of an emerging master." —Publisher's Weekly (starred review) "[Life of Pi] has a buoyant, exotic, insistence reminiscent of Edgar Allen Poe's most Gothic fiction. . . . Oddities abound and the storytelling is first-rate. Yann Martel has written a novel full of grisly reality, outlandish plot, inventive setting and thought-provoking questions about the value and purpose of fiction." —The Edmonton journal "Martel's ceaselessly clever writing . . . [and] artful, occasionally hilarious, internal dialogue . . . make a fine argument for the divinity of good art." —The Gazette "Astounding and beautiful. . . . The book is a pleasure not only for the subtleties of its philosophy...
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...identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in Great Britain in 1991 by the Random Century Group 20 Vauxhall Bridge Rd, London SWIV 2SA Century Hutchinson South Africa (Pty) Ltd PO Box 337, Bergvlei 2012 South Africa Random Century Australia Pty Ltd 20 Alfred St, Milsons Point, Sydney, NSW 2061 Australia Random Century New Zealand Ltd PO Box 40-086, Glenfield, Auckland 10 New Zealand A CIP Catalogue Record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0 7126 4686 8 Printed in England by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc For A-M and T "Reptiles are abhorrent because of their cold body, pale color, cartilaginous skeleton, filthy skin, fierce aspect, calculating eye, offensive smell, harsh voice, squalid habitation, and terrible venom; wherefore their Creator has not exerted his powers to make many of them." LINNAEUS, 1797 "You cannot recall a new form of life." ERWIN CHARGAFF, 1972 Introduction "The InGen Incident" The late twentieth century has witnessed a scientific gold rush of astonishing proportions: the headlong and furious haste to commercialize genetic engineering. This enterprise has proceeded so rapidly-with so little outside commentary-that its dimensions and implications are hardly understood at all. Biotechnology promises the greatest revolution in human history. By the end of this decade, it will have outdistanced atomic power and computers in its effect...
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...9-575-072 REV: APRIL 14, 2009 DARRALL G. CLARKE Optical Distortion, Inc. (A) In late fall 1974, Daniel Garrison, president and chief executive officer of Optical Distortion, Inc. (ODI), had asked Ronald Olson, marketing vice president, to develop a marketing plan for ODI’s new and only product—a contact lens for chickens.1 While contact lenses serve mainly to improve human eyesight, the lens developed by ODI was made to partially blind the chickens. Garrison explained: Like so many other great discoveries, our product concept was discovered quite by accident. In 1962 a chicken farmer in Arizona had a flock of chickens that developed a severe cataract problem. When he became aware of the problem, he separated the afflicted birds from the rest of the flock and subsequently observed that the afflicted birds seemed to eat less and were much easier to handle. So dramatic was the difference that a poultry medical detailman visiting the farm, rather than being asked for a cure, was asked if there was any way to similarly afflict the rest of the flock. It has not proved possible chemically or genetically to duplicate the reduced vision of the chickens, resulting from the cataracts, but a chicken wearing the ODI lenses has its vision reduced enough to obtain the good behavior the Arizona farmer observed. This behavior has important economic implications for the chicken farmer. By the end of 1974 the ODI lens had been tested on a number of farms in California and Oregon ...
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...Assignment 5: Marketing Strategies Assignment 5: Marketing Strategies MKT500 Marketing Management 9/8/2013 MKT500 Marketing Management 9/8/2013 [Student] [Instructor] [Student] [Instructor] Styan Custom Guns has been serving the local area, since 2005. At that time it was hard to find a local gun shop and the ones you did find had outrageous pricing; not just for firearms, but for ammo and accessories. For a while I knew that I wanted to start a local business, but I was not sure what would be worth the time and money with so many cookie-cutter companies around every corner. It was at that time I held a family meeting with my wife and parents to weigh the pros and cons. After several follow-up meetings with family and business advisers, I came to the conclusion that I wanted to move my vision from a thought to a reality. The entire process was moving very slowly at first. We were renting a small storefront which cost a not-so-small fortune. Even though we were providing an alternate solution to the locals in town we did not have the selection to really bring people in. We had some of the more common ammo in stock, but the firearms were few and far between. As time went on, we began to hear back from direct manufacturers like Ruger, Mossberg, and Smith & Wesson. Thanks to our loyal customer base and word of mouth we were bringing in more than enough to pay rent, make a profit, and give back in other ways. We will continue...
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...Yann Martel: Life of Pi life of pi A NOVEL author's note This book was born as I was hungry. Let me explain. In the spring of 1996, my second book, a novel, came out in Canada. It didn't fare well. Reviewers were puzzled, or damned it with faint praise. Then readers ignored it. Despite my best efforts at playing the clown or the trapeze artist, the media circus made no difference. The book did not move. Books lined the shelves of bookstores like kids standing in a row to play baseball or soccer, and mine was the gangly, unathletic kid that no one wanted on their team. It vanished quickly and quietly. The fiasco did not affect me too much. I had already moved on to another story, a novel set in Portugal in 1939. Only I was feeling restless. And I had a little money. So I flew to Bombay. This is not so illogical if you realize three things: that a stint in India will beat the restlessness out of any living creature; that a little money can go a long way there; and that a novel set in Portugal in 1939 may have very little to do with Portugal in 1939. I had been to India before, in the north, for five months. On that first trip I had come to the subcontinent completely unprepared. Actually, I had a preparation of one word. When I told a friend who knew the country well of my travel plans, he said casually, "They speak a funny English in India. They like words like bamboozle." I remembered his words as my plane started its descent towards Delhi, so the word bamboozle ...
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...9-575-072 REV: APRIL 14, 2009 DARRALL G. CLARKE Optical Distortion, Inc. (A) In late fall 1974, Daniel Garrison, president and chief executive officer of Optical Distortion, Inc. (ODI), had asked Ronald Olson, marketing vice president, to develop a marketing plan for ODI’s new and only product—a contact lens for chickens.1 While contact lenses serve mainly to improve human eyesight, the lens developed by ODI was made to partially blind the chickens. Garrison explained: Like so many other great discoveries, our product concept was discovered quite by accident. In 1962 a chicken farmer in Arizona had a flock of chickens that developed a severe cataract problem. When he became aware of the problem, he separated the afflicted birds from the rest of the flock and subsequently observed that the afflicted birds seemed to eat less and were much easier to handle. So dramatic was the difference that a poultry medical detailman visiting the farm, rather than being asked for a cure, was asked if there was any way to similarly afflict the rest of the flock. It has not proved possible chemically or genetically to duplicate the reduced vision of the chickens, resulting from the cataracts, but a chicken wearing the ODI lenses has its vision reduced enough to obtain the good behavior the Arizona farmer observed. This behavior has important economic implications for the chicken farmer. By the end of 1974 the ODI lens had been tested on a number of farms in California and Oregon ...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...I ALSO BY CHINUA ACHEBE Anthills of the Savannah Arrow of God Girls at War and Other Stories A Man of the People No Longer at Ease Nonfiction Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays The Trouble With Nigeria Poetry Beware Soul Brother THINGS FALL APART ANCHOR BOOKS A DIVISION OF RANDOM HOUSE, INC. New York First Anchor Books Edition, 1994 Copyright © 1959 by All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Anchor Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. This edition is published by arrangement with Reed Consumer Books. The author and publisher gratefully acknowledge permission from Aigboje Higo and Heinemann Educational Books, Ltd., to reproduce the Glossary on page 211. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data by .—1st Anchor Books ed. p. cm. 1. Nigeria—Race relations—Fiction, 1. Igbo (African people)— Fiction. 3. Men—Nigeria—Fiction. I. Title. PR9387.9.A3T5 1994 823—dc20 94-13429 CIP ISBN 0-385-47454-7 ' Book design by Susan Yuran www.anchorbooks.com Printed in the United States of America… Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things Fall Apart ; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world. —W. B. Yeats, "The Second Coming" CHAPTER ONE Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honor to his village by throwing...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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...Nintendo Co., Ltd. (???????, Nintendo Kabushiki gaisha?) is a multinational corporation located in Kyoto, Japan. Founded on September 23, 1889[2] by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it produced handmade hanafuda cards.[6] By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as a cab company and a love hotel.[7]}} Nintendo developed into a video game company, becoming what is arguably the most influential in the industry, and Japan's third most valuable listed company, with a market value of over US$85 billion.[8] Also, Nintendo of America is the majority owner of the Seattle Mariners Major League Baseball team.[9] The name Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as "leave luck to heaven".[10] As of October 18, 2010, Nintendo has sold over 565 million hardware units and 3.4 billion software units.[11] Contents * 1 History o 1.1 As a card company (1889–1956) o 1.2 New ventures (1956–1974) o 1.3 Electronic era (since 1974) + 1.3.1 Handheld console history * 2 Infrastructure o 2.1 Key Executives o 2.2 Offices and locations * 3 Software development studios o 3.1 First-party studios o 3.2 Second-party studios o 3.3 Former affiliates * 4 Policy o 4.1 Emulation o 4.2 Content guidelines o 4.3 License guidelines o 4.4 Seal of Quality + 4.4.1 NTSC regions + 4...
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...Part 1 最 常 考 问 题 及 参 考 答 案 注意很多问题后要加理由,不然考官就会问你“WHY” 第一部分很多是问个人信息的问题,答案因人而异,这里提供的答案可以做为范本,不符 合你的情况的可以做些修改。符合你的情况的,你可以练熟!还有一些问题,就是我们提 供的问题的变化,就是不同的问法,但是你可以用同一个方式来回答的,要记得考试时候 能听明白,然后会转化哦! 1. Your Work or Your Studies • Do you work or are you a student? Well, I am a senior in Zhejiang University and I’m planning to pursue my master’s degree in the U.K after my graduation. That’s why I take this test. 1a) Your Work General Description of Your Job • What job (or, what work) do you do? I’m a teacher at an English training center. I’ve been working there for several years. It’s my pleasure to see my students make progress, so I think this job is very suitable for me. • What is the nature of that work? It’s a teaching job. I help the students improve their English language skills and most of them are planning to take IELTS. • What do you do in that job? I teach English, both productive and receptive skills. My job is to help my students succeed in their studies and pass exams if they need to. • Would you say your job (or, your work) is very important? 、 I think so. I think the world will be much worse if there’re no teachers, especially good...
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