...in-class portion of the exam a number of terms, names, and concepts drawn from the following list. The student will pick ten (10) and answer in a short I.D./short answer format. Although your answers should be concise, they should be complete enough to convince the instructor that you thoroughly understand the course material. Where applicable, use examples or illustrations. Each student is permitted to have one 8” x 5” handwritten note card during the exam. Frank Boas scientific method “Creation Science” theory hypothesis Karl Marx Charles Darwin Frederick Engels Origin of the Species Jared Diamond “social Darwinism” Margaret Mead natural selection Yehudi Cohen zoological taxonomy Anthropology vs. Sociology taxon ethnographic methodologies Paleolithic genealogical method Mesolithic interviewing techniques Neolithic key cultural consultants agricultural revolution in Neolithic longitudinal research human zoological taxonomy annual cycle what primates have in common why anthropologists should spend more than one annual cycle primates “ivory tower” approach differences between humans and other primates “advocacy” approach Homininoids Homo sapiens American Anthropological Association Hominins Homo sapiens sapiens ethics for ethnographers Hominids “archaic” homo sapiens ethics for archeologists human zoological taxonomy ethics for Anthropology instructors...
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...Why we should stop wearing shoes Humans are animals. Human is another word for Homo sapien. Homo sapien’s are primates, and primates are animals. Then why do us humans pretend not to be animals? We live in a society today wear we paint our nails, pluck our eyebrows, cut our hair, shave our legs and cut our nails. These are just a few examples of pointless processes that us humans feel are obliged to go through because anyone not doing so would be classed as an official weirdo. This is ridiculous. We should embrace our animalistic side, and be like our fellow primates. I for one cant say I’ve seen that many primates wearing shoes, so if they can, why cant we? Because at the end of the day, we do share 97.678% of the same DNA, right? Okay, so this probably seems a bit of an extravagant proposition, but why do we feel the need to wear shoes absolutely every where we go, outdoors, and in many cases indoors? As I have mentioned, we are animals, and if you know anything about animals I’m sure you may be aware that animals have been on the earth for quite a long time; 3.5 billion years long. And it is only in the past 10, 000 years that humans have started wearing shoes. This may seem like a long time ago but this is only 0.000002 of the time animals have been roaming the earth, and none of these animals wear shoes. So what I’m trying to say is that evolution has spent all that time doing its best to give us the most adaptable, durable and effective feet, for us to stick a pair...
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...Primitive Oppression of Female Sexuality Abstract This paper explores the complexities that come about when trying to transcribe female sexuality as a generalized symbol in our society. Explaining many different theories as too why our sociological mindset seems to be primitive when trying to justify the ideology that sexuality needs to be oppressed for females, when in contrast it is glorified for males. Theories also suggest that our brains are psychologically “wired” for male dominance, such as when observing our closes lineage on the dendrogram, chimpanzees and exploring their interactions based on gender and sexuality. While other theories suggest that it’s possible females physiologically aren’t made for as much sex as men are and that stimulates are needed to bring things to equilibrium, such as new clinical trial pills that will be the Viagra synonymous for women. Each perspective is thoroughly covered in this paper as all sides of the spectrum are hit to understand why such cultural stigma has been placed upon female sexuality, leading to the ultimate question; Will our primitive mindsets continue to be the oppressing weights females bare in society? Keywords: Sexuality, psychological, physiological, sociology Since the beginning of time woman have been viewed as the keepers of monogamy, vested with the responsibility of limited sexual desires and actions. Female sexuality had not even been referenced in the medical field as apart of the female psyche. In...
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...Imagine that you are going to the animal shelter to adopt a kitten. You adopt the cutest one there. On your way home you notice that the kitten seems so happy that it is now going to have a home. Instead, when you get home you put the cat in stocks for a month, all the while you’re either force feeding it, depriving it of food and water, burning it, or hitting it all this because you can! Until finally you strangle it, break its neck and then decapitate it to make sure it’s dead. Feel uncomfortable? You should be, that is the way that the animals are treated during animal experimentation. Scientists are wasting countless lives of animals to cruel experiments that should never have been done. First of all most animal tests are not needed and are done in poor fashion. According to the article “Animal Welfare”, “First the test that was done...was for products that had already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This meant that the test didn’t need to be repeated. Second, the same test could have been done on human subjects who...
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...Biff Eddington Anthropology 4467 24 April 2011 What is life history theory? What is a primate life history pattern? What is the relationship between brain size and life history? Life history theory is a branch of biology that analyzes the selective forces that have managed the evolution of the schedule and duration of key events in an organism’s lifetime related to investments in growth, reproduction, and survivorship (Bogin, O’Rourke and Stinson 547). The reason that there are differences between major events in species related to growth, maintenance, and reproduction is because each species employs different evolutionary strategies to increase reproductive fitness. Each species has a unique life history; this is a pattern of how it distributes its finite energy between five different phases: Growth, development, raising its young, staying alive, and reproduction. The assumptions that underlie life history theory are not complicated, but are simple and impactful: There is limited time and there is limited energy, so this energy must be distributed among growth, reproduction, and survivorship recognizing the trade-offs that cannot be avoided. Primates have a unique life history pattern that is different from other orders of mammals. Relative to other mammals primates have: a longer gestation period, fewer offspring overall, more care given to each individual offspring, infants that are born developmentally advanced, a longer period of parental dependency, a strong...
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...Christine Leong's essay Being A Chink, she describes the power of language. She said, "It gives us identity, personality, social status, and it also creates communities, defining both insiders and outsiders. Language has the ability to heal or to harm, to praise or belittle, to promote peace or even to glorify hate." I believe this is what language is all about. Language has two purposes. Depending on what is said, and how others perceive what has been said, language can be helpful to the soul or destroy one's self-confidence. Words are intended to inform others so they can understand us. Words are not intended to establish superiority; if they are, people get hurt in the process. Language is a uniquely human trait, and questions of how and why it evolved have been intriguing...
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...Primate Bipedalism Andrez Guillen Anthropology 301-02 No other form of locomotion has been as dominant over the years as bipedalism. We humans take this form of stance for granted, not fully understanding its importance. Compared to other stances, such as quadrupedalism, bipedalism serves us a better in many areas. Here we will look at the the advantages of walking upright Many theories have been said about how early hominids began evolving their stance from quadrupedal to bipedal. Charles Darwin, for example, claimed that we stood up to free our hands for tool making (Douglas 2012). Others say that our evolution began up in the trees where we see other primates, such as orangutans, walk bipedal to get fruit. Another is the idea of “carrying,” here we see other primates go from a qudrapedal position to a bipedal position when carrying something of importance (offspring, food, tool). All of these theories have something in common, each shows how advantageous it is to be bipedal and it could be said that these advantages helped our ancestors survive. One possible explanation for the development of bipedalism, is our search for food. Here the argument is that 5 million years ago, fruit trees in Africa were spreading further and further apart from one another. Hominids would have to walk with their young to find fruit trees, this caused a great deal of discomfort for the females, so the solution was to have the monogamous male do the travel while the female stayed put...
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...In my short life on this planet I have come to question things that many take upon blind faith. We all know that we must some day die; yet we continuously deny the forces at work inside ourselves, which want to search out the answers of what may or may not come after. It is far easier for humanity to accept that they will go to a safe haven and be rewarded for their lives with pleasures and fantasies of an unfathomable scale than to question the existence of a supposed omnipotent being. Yet, there are a few of us humans who tend to question the why’s and wherefore’s that society puts forth to us. We question the existence of God, or the creation of mankind rather than blindly accepting faith-filled beliefs we may received from our parents as children. Perhaps it is because we live in a nation filled with many peoples of different beliefs whose Gods are all so varied and different that it is difficult to fathom that they are all the same divine being. It is also plausible that we just have a desire to quench the thirst for knowledge that lies deep within ourselves. As for myself, I cannot believe in a being which created a universe and a multitude of worlds in a rather short period of time then deigns to lower itself into becoming a puppet-master and "pulling the strings" of the Earth and all of the people therein. Since this paper touches upon many scientific terms, I feel that in order for the reader to correctly grasp the...
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...published a book in 1993 titled, “The Great Ape Project.” The novel is composed of different essays written by advocates of the projects who aim to discuss the ethology and ethics issues between human beings and apes. Cavalieri and Singer argue that we now have “sufficient information about the capacities of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans to make it clear that the moral boundary we draw between us and them is indefensible.” The novel became instantly popular and eventually led to the creation of the self-titled Great Ape Project. The Great Ape Project was founded in 1994 and put into action six years later in Sorobaca City. The Great Ape Project is an international movement that “aims to defend the rights of the non-human great primates-chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos, our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.” According to the project, the three main rights his project wants to ensure for apes include, the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. The Great Ape Project argues that apes deserve the right to live a higher standard of life. Studies have proven that chimpanzee’s are the closest relatives of human beings. Chimpanzees share 98.4% of the same DNA that human’s have. DNA tests also say that gorilla’s share 97.7% of the same DNA that humans have. The Great Ape Project wants to bridge the gap between human beings along with chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans in order to provide equality in our...
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...Extra Credit Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 8 #1: Do you thinking that knowing about aggression between groups of chimpanzees is useful in understanding conflicts between human societies? Why or why not? Answer: For many primate species, especially those whos ranges are small, contact with one or more other groups of conspecifics is a daily occurrence; and the nature of these encounters can vary from one species to another. Primate groups are associated with a home range, where they remain permanently. Within the home range is called a portion called the core area. This area contains the highest concentration of predictable resources, and it is where the group is most likely to be found. Although portions of the home range may overlap with that of one or more other groups, core areas of adjacent groups do not overlap. The core area can also be said to be a group’s territory, and it is the portion of the home range defended against intrusion. In some species, however, other areas of the home range may also be offended. Not all primates are territorial. In general, territoriality is associated with species whose ranges are sufficiently small to permit patrolling and protection. But male chimpanzees are highly intolerant of unfamiliar chimpanzees, especially other males, and fiercely defend their territories and resources. Therefore, chimpanzee intergroup interactions almost always include aggressive displays, chasing, and sometimes fighting. In recent years, a good...
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...recognize the burden that it may cause them personally and they do not realize the proper protocol is needs to be taken. It and become overwhelming and out of control in no time at all. Today animal cruelty is a major topic in today’s world and becoming a bigger issue in many different areas of the United States. The need for animal advocates is becoming a growing need. Animal cruelty can be defined as causing unjustified injury or death to an animal (Fighting Animal Cruelty). If one was to cause harm and not fix the problem, that person should not be allowed to have animals in their care. There are two types of animal cruelty, passive and active. Passive cruelty is based on neglect. Lack of attention is just as bad as direct harm. It can cause you to not be aware of things that are wrong with the animal such as dehydration, parasite infestation, inadequate shelter, and failure to seek veterinary care when needed. Sometimes an investigator will look at the situation, educate the owner and make return visits to see if there have been improvements. Active cruelty indicates deliberate and intentional harm to the animal. This can possibly show signs of physiological problems with the owner. Many times, if it is a household pet, it can be used as a tool for an abuser to gain more control, and show who has power (Animal Cruelty). The most common types of violent animal cruelty are cock fighting and dog fighting. The animals would be placed in a cage and forced to fight and see which animal...
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...Required Reading: Chapter 1, 2, 3 & 4 Slides 1: Themes of cultural psychology: - Psychological processes are shaped by cultural experiences Defining Culture: (3, last one is the best/preferred definition for this class) - A group of people who have a shared context (geographical, historical, linguistic, etc.) - A group of people who have shared beliefs - BEST definition: Information acquired from other members of a species through social learning. Challenges to defining culture: Cultural boundaries are not distinct and often unclear Cultural are dynamic and change There is substantial within-culture variation Fuzzy category(模糊的) Compare and Contrast: Cultural PSYC vs. General PSYC (different focuses and premises假定) - General Psychology: • Focused on: human universals(普遍性): does not vary across human cultures • All people everywhere are the same • Context and content of thought is largely just noise (Ignore the ability to understand the human mind) - Cultural Psychology: • Focused on: cultural variation and causes of variation • Humans are a cultural species - culture informs how we think • Thoughts are shaped by contexts • Minds and culture are entangled( 缠绕在⼀一起) with each other Mueller-Lyer illusion(哪个更长): - Trick of perspective - A lot of cultural variation is susceptibility(易受影响的) to this illusion Psychology is W.E.I.R.D.: - Most of what we know about psychology is based on WEIRD samples: • Western • Educated • Industrialized • Rich • Democratic 第 1 ⾴頁 ...
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...Professor Becky Floyd Email: bfloyd@cypresscollege.edu Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ groups/ProfFloyd/ Course Description Office Hours I don’t have official office hours during summer. Join the Facebook group right away. Feel free to message me through Facebook or email me any time. I will get back to you as soon as I can. Blackboard We will be using Blackboard for this class: cypresscollege.blackboard.com Log in with your student ID (include the @) and your myGateway (or existing Blackboard) password. You need to use a newer computer with up to date software. For more info: cypresscollege.edu/academics/ distanceeducation Do NOT use Internet Explorer or mobile devices (especially to take tests!). Computers are available on campus, many in the L/LRC: ccllrc.info/ or call 714-484-7193 Advisory: Eligibility for ENGL 100 C.! UC/CSU, AA GE, CSU GE, IGETC! This course introduces the concepts, methods of inquiry, and scientific explanations for biological evolution and their application to the human species. Issues and topics will include, but are not limited to, genetics, evolutionary theory, human variation and biocultural adaptations, comparative primate anatomy and behavior, and the fossil evidence for human evolution. The scientific method serves as foundation of the course.! Duplicate credit not granted for ANTH 101HC or ANTH 201 C.! B. Floyd 30234 http://www.westminster.ac.uk 1 ANTH 101 OL Cypress College Summer 2014 Required Textbooks ...
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...we don’t need the next eyeliner and we have a different body system than animals. Claim: My claim is that we should not do animal testing. First Argument: The first reason why is that they kill animals just to have the next medicine,soap, and food ingredient. My first piece of evidence: Right now there are millions of animals such as dogs, cats, rats, mice, and primates getting tortured just to get the next product of eyeliner. In a recent article by PETA they said that “More than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests”(PETA), just to see if the products work. There are some countries such as Europe are getting away from buying products that were animal tested. China is different, they are continuing to sell animal cosmetics. What are cosmetics? A product applied to the body, especially the face, to improve its appearance. In 2014 “China spent 26.3 billion dollars, just on cosmetics”(Jeanne Kim). This proves that people should not kill animals just to get the next resource. The second piece of evidence: Animals are suffering mentally and physically in the facilities where they are getting treated. In the “United States there are over 1,100 facilities” where dogs, cats, rats, mice, and primates are suffering from all of the chemicals that are getting put in there body(NHES). At the facilities they to procedures like putting a tube in a animals eye, or forcing animals to take deadly...
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...ask these questions at some point in their lives. The answers to these questions can be very controversial. This is where creationism and evolution comes into par. Some people may say that a higher and greater power created the universe and the people in it. Others may give reasons that are scientific for our existence. An example would be the Big Bang; the only purpose for living is being able to survive. Both evolution and creationism may not be true, that is why this topic is very controversial. Evolution is the theory that all loving organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor, which came into being from non living elements, by natural laws. Darwin contributed to this theory by the mechanism by which species would evolve; in this case it would be natural selection. This method says that in certain factors an organism’s environment can create a change from one generation to another. There are reasons why plants, animals, and everything else is the way it is. For example humans, we evolved from primates so that we could survive. This was a slow process, which made little changes at a time. The big bang is the theory that a massive explosion created all matter in the universe. Certain species died because they were not as powerful and could not change. While there were others who could change, in which they adapted to the environment to survive best. To completely understand the conflict between the two one must understand creationism. This theory is believed...
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