...Acknowledgement First of all, I am expressing my sincere great fullness to almighty to prepare this term paper, no noble achievement can be achieve by an individual term paper depends on the contribution of number of people specially their thoughtful guidance and suggestions to complete this term paper. I am indented for their kind recommendation, submission, direction, cooperative and their collaboration. I want to give my special thanks to the Academic Supervisor Professor Md. Didarul Islam, Department of Accounting for his support and enormous help, especially his guidelines throughout the period of preparing this term paper. Declaration I do hereby Solemnly declare that the work submitted in the term paper titled “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other university, college, organization for an academic purpose or certificate or diploma degree. This work that I have submitted does not break any existing copyright and no portion of this report is copied from any work done earlier for a degree or otherwise. I further undertake to indemnify the department against any loss or damage arising from breach of the forgoing obligations. Md. Golam Kibria BBA(hon’s) Final Year Reg. No. 09101626055 Major: Accounting Supervisor’s Certificate This is to certify that the term paper on “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” submitted for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration...
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...................... 3 ANSWER .................................................................................................................................. 3 LOAN STOCKS AND DEBENTURES ................................................................................. 3 DEBENTURES ........................................................................................................................ 4 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE ............................................................................................ 4 ORDINARY SHARES............................................................................................................. 4 PREFERENCE SHARES ....................................................................................................... 5 VENTURE CAPITAL ............................................................................................................. 5 BUSINESS ANGELS ............................................................................................................... 5 LOAN ........................................................................................................................................ 6 GRANT FINANCE .................................................................................................................. 6 CONVERTIBLE LOAN STOCKS...
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...profitable status. Outlined below will be my recommendations for improvement without compromising patient quality. Recommendation for Cash Flow In order to increase cash flow, one must look at the whole picture. Since $900,000 is the savings target for the first year, we are using this figure to base our recommendations. First we must look at contract labor. In most cases, the contract labor or agency labor, are being paid at a higher rate than most of EHC employees would normally make for the same position. Most are doubled in salary. I believe this would also increase morale as sometimes, employees feel a bit of jealousy as these individuals are doing the same job they are performing and are being paid more for the same work. Therefore, my first recommendation has to do with agency labor. I recommend EHC eliminate or reduce agency labor (University of Phoenix, 2011). Next, I believe if we reduce the benefits packages we are now offering by streamlining these packages, we again can save money and allow for more cash flow. Many people would argue this would cause morale issues. However, being honest with staff and explaining the predicament the organization is in, may help employees to understand why this must be done so they are not on the unemployment lines in the future. However, nothing can be done without first obtaining a loan (University of Phoenix,...
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...money to pay initial amount of leasing contract, he can also do contract with third part to pay initial amount or specific period rent of lease. Importance of Lease Financing: 1. Lease finance is easy to get than getting loan for buying all fixed assets. 2. Monthly rent payment for lease finance will be operating expenses. It will be allowed to deduct total income. So, company can get tax benefits in lease financing. 3. It can show as invisible debt of company out of its balance sheet. You can show lease finance in the footnote of balance sheet, if you did contract directly with the owner of asset. 4. One of major important point is that it is more flexible way of finance. You can fix your need of asset and get it one lease through lease financing. 5. A study from IFC [PDF] has revealed that 30% of total share of lease financing as investment of fixed asset is of emerging and developed economies and now 15% of developing countries. RETAIL BANKING Retail banking is a major form of commercial banking but mainly targeted to consumers rather than corporate clients. It is the method of banks' approach to the customers for sale of their products. The products are consumer-oriented like offering a car loan, home loan facility, financial assistance for purchase of consumer durables, etc. Retail banking therefore has large customer-base and hence, large number of transactions with small values. It may therefore be cost ineffective in a highly...
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...payment. Second, even if the importer is creditworthy, the government might impose exchange controls that prevent payment to the exporter. Third, the importer might not trust the exporter to ship the goods ordered. Fourth, even if the exporter does ship the goods, trade barriers or time lags in international transportation might delay arrival time. Financial managers must recognize methods that they can use to make payment and finance international trade so that they can conduct exporting or importing in a manner that maximizes the value of a business. In any international trade transaction, credit is provided by either the exporter, the importer, one or more financing institutions, or any combination of these. The supplier may have sufficient cash flow to finance the entire trade cycle, beginning with the production of the product until payment is eventually made by the buyer. In some cases, the exporter may...
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...i The Poor and Their Money An essay about financial services for poor people Stuart Rutherford Institute for Development Policy and Management University of Manchester January 1999 The Department for International Development will be publishing this work in New Delhi during 1999. For further information contact Sukhwinder Arora at the Department for International Development, New Delhi, India. ii PREFACE Over the last 15 years initiatives to provide financial services to poor people (the ‘microfinance industry’) have come on by leaps and bounds in terms of size and reputation. Despite this, the industry is still only in its adolescence and our understanding of why and how poor and very poor people use microfinancial services ( and why many choose not to use the services that are available) remains partial at best. This essay takes the reader on a ‘voyage of discovery’ that seeks to both deepen her/his understanding and encourage her/him to apply that knowledge to the practice of microfinance. The voyage that Stuart Rutherford offers is a unique one based upon years of careful and detailed personal research. It does not take a deductive approach that develops a theoretical model of the financial behaviour of poor people. Nor does it follow the ‘case study plus best practice’ approach that has been favoured by many practitioners when they write of microfinance. Instead, it adopts an inductive approach - based on thousands of conversations and meetings with...
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...Payday Loans Executive Summary Payday loans are short-terms, high-interest loans where people go to a physical loan store or via online store that are not banks. They are designed for people who need a quick injection of money before their next paycheck and its purpose is fast, easy money to take care of unexpected bills or emergencies (Watson, Stephanie., 2014). They started around 1959 when the senate passed a bill allowing people to received small amount of money for short-term loans for emergency, such as bankruptcies, bad credit, etc… The bill was to help people who couldn`t receive a regular loan at a normal interest rate. Since then, Payday loans have become very popular and in 1996, Payday lending saw a huge boom when the senate legalized them. In the mid-2000, online lending became available and is now a huge piece of the market (PaydayLoanPay.com., 2011-2014). Recently many controversy have been discussed with the Payday lending industry because of many operating dishonestly and illegally. This huge issue has caused the department of justice to investigate and place restrictions causing many legal and honest operating Payday lending to close shops and employees losing their jobs (Okun, Sarah.). In the meantime, the honest and top Payday lenders have form the Online Lending Alliance (OLA) to defend them and make sure Payday Loans don`t get de-legalized because of cracks in the lending system (Jones, Liz., 2014, March 26). Payday loans serves...
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...PaperTerm PaperThesis Paper Credit Approval, Loan Disbursement & Recovery System In Rupali Bank.Home » Posts » Business » Banking » Credit Approval, Loan Disbursement & Recovery System In Rupali Bank. Credit Approval, Loan Disbursement & Recovery System In Rupali Bank. Subject: Banking, Business | Topics: Assignment Executive Summary Rupali Bank Ltd Postagola Branch was created and commencement of business started on 1988. As a fully licensed commercial Bank, Rupali Bank Limited is being managed by a highly professional and dedicated team with long experience in banking. The Bank has been graded as a top class Bank in the country through internationally accepted CAMEL rating. Rupali Bank Limited offers all kinds of Commercial, Corporate and Personal Banking services covering all segments of society within the framework of Banking Company Act and rules and regulations laid down by Bangladesh Bank. The aim of the Bank is to participate actively in the socioeconomic development of the nation by operating a commercially sound banking system. To accept deposit from the customer and to lend the deposit again to customer is the Prime business of Rupali Bank. The main activities of Rupali Bank are Commercial Banking, Corporate Banking Retail Banking and Islami Banking. Prime Bank’s products can be broadly classified in two groups i.e. Depository product and Loan product. The Rupali Bank Limited is offering different loan and advances products to the client for financing diverse...
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...specialized bank is to extend credit to the deficit economic unit that comprises borrowers of all types. Bank credit is essential of economic development. Without adequate finance, important for the economy in the sense that it can simultaneously finance all the sub sectors at financial area, which comprises agricultural, commercial and industrial activities of a nation. Objective of the study: The main objective of the study is to examine the lending program of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank, for the period 2001 to 2004. To achieve this objective, the study seeks to realize the following: 1. To assess the condition of credit management system of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. 2. To assess the loan disbursement position of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank during 2001 to 2004. 3. To assess the loan recovery position of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank during 2001 to 2004. Methodology of my study: The present study is concerned with the analysis of Credit Management system of the Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. The approach adopted is basically analytical and interpretation in nature considering the objectives of the study. This study uses primary and secondary sources of data. 1. 1. Direct interview; 2. 2. Personal communication; To prepare this report 1 used the following methods of data collection. Direct interview methods: I have collected information and data by direct interviewing of the executives and officers of the Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. For the purpose...
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...business worldwide. Most individuals and originations make use of the Banks, either as depositors and borrowers. Bank play a major rule in maintaining confidence in the monetary system through their close relationship with regulatory authorities & governments the regulation imposed on them by those government. 1.1: Origin of the report For any business school student only curriculum activity is not enough for handling the real business situation, therefore it is an opportunity for the students to know about the field of business through the internship program. As internship program is a perfect blend of the theoretical and practical knowledge. This report is originated to fulfill the requirement of the assign project internship report on “Loan Disbursement and recovery system” has been assigned to me by Human Resource Division (HRD) of NCCBL, Head Office, Dhaka. In this regard, I have worked as an internee in National Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. (NCCBL), JATRABARI BRNCS from 8th NOV, 2009 to 8th FEB, 2010. During this period I learned how the host organization works with the help of the internal supervisor. On the basis of working experience in this period I have prepared this report and I have tried my level best to relate the theoretical knowledge with the practical work situation 1.2:...
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... Interest earns on these loans and advances are the major source of income of the banks. Interest given on deposits is lower than the interest received on such loans and advances. Amount deposited by the customers forms the main source of loans and advances. Banks lend money in various forms for various purposes. Operation and expansion of business and commercial activities depend a great deal on the availability of loans/advances from commercial banks. The term ‘loan’ refers to the amount borrowed by one person from another. The amount is in the nature of loan and refers to the sum paid to the borrower. Thus from the view point of borrower, it is ‘borrowing’ and from the view point of bank, it is ‘lending’. Loan may be regarded as ‘credit’ granted where the money is disbursed and its recovery is made on a later date. It is a debt for the borrower. While granting loans, credit is given for a definite purpose and for a predetermined period. Interest is charged on the loan at agreed rate and intervals of payment. ‘Advance’ on the other hand, is a ‘credit facility’ granted by the bank. Banks grant advances largely for short-term purposes, such as purchase of goods traded in and meeting other short-term trading liabilities. There is a sense of debt in loan, whereas an advance is a facility being availed of by the borrower. However, like loans, advances are also to be repaid. Thus a credit facility-repayable in installments over a period is termed as loan while a credit facility repayable...
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...the privatization of nationalized commercial banks has brought about a culture of professionalism and service orientation in place of bureaucracy and apathy. b) The banks that were losing money due to inefficiencies, waste and limited product range have become highly profitable business. These profits are, however, being used to strengthen the capital base of the banks rather than paying out to the shareholders. The minimum capital requirements have been raised from Rs. 500 million to Rs. 6 billion over an extended period in a phased manner. The consolidation of the banking sector into fewer but stronger banks will lead to better management of risk. c) The banks that were burdened with the non-performing and defaulted loans have cleared up their balance sheets in an open transparent, across-the-board manner. Contrary to the...
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...the privatization of nationalized commercial banks has brought about a culture of professionalism and service orientation in place of bureaucracy and apathy. b) The banks that were losing money due to inefficiencies, waste and limited product range have become highly profitable business. These profits are, however, being used to strengthen the capital base of the banks rather than paying out to the shareholders. The minimum capital requirements have been raised from Rs. 500 million to Rs. 6 billion over an extended period in a phased manner. The consolidation of the banking sector into fewer but stronger banks will lead to better management of risk. c) The banks that were burdened with the non-performing and defaulted loans have cleared up their balance sheets in an open transparent, across-the-board manner. Contrary to the...
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...An Internship Report Name of Organization: Submitted By: Javed Hussain MC062000032 S u b m i t t e d To : Instructor PRO619 Virtual University of Pakistan Dedication I dedicated this Internship Report to My family members and Virtual University of Pakistan 2 Acknowledgement All praise to Allah, the most merciful, kind and beneficent, and the source of all knowledge, wisdom within and beyond my comprehension. He is the only God, who can help us in every field of life. All respect and possible tributes goes to my Holy Prophet Mohammad (SAW), who is forever guidance and knowledge for all human beings on this earth. Heart full thanks for Mr. Muhammad Imran Wahid Principal IPS- Intellectual Prestige Computer Science College Mailsi (PMLS01), for special arrangement of equipments in computer lab and providing informative books in library. Without his co-operation it was not possible for us to complete my MBA Program. I am very grateful to my Project supervisor at Virtual University of Pakistan. He guided and helped me through timely suggestions, valuable advices and specially the sympathetic attitude, which always inspired me for hard work. I am proud to say that I am very grateful to my family whose kind prayers and cooperation helped us at every step of my work. Special thanks go to my parents for their cooperation for the sake of my knowledge. I am really very thankful to Ch. Ikram Ullah Operational Manager National Bank Main Branch Mailsi for her...
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... KAJAL A. PARMAR PREFACE As a part of M.B.A. Third Semester we are to visit an industry/service sector for a practical training i.e. we are to make a detail study on the working of its different departments and general information about the units and prepare a report on it. Banks are regarded as the blood of the nation’s economy without them one cannot imagine economy moving. Therefore banks should be operated very efficiently, co-operative banks although a small part of whole banking system in India, but they are very important not only from economical point of view but also from social point of view as it is more concerned about common people’s welfare and development. Advance is heart and recovery is oxygen for the bank and for the bank to survive it is necessary to give advances and recover the amount at the appropriate time. During the training period and the...
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