...AS GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1 WORLD AT RISK WORLD AT RISK GLOBAL HAZARDS Hazard – Potential threat to human life or property Natural Hazards – Caused by natural processes e.g. lava flow from volcanic eruption Hydro-meteorological Hazards – Caused by climatic processes (droughts, floods, tropical cyclones and storms Geophysical Hazards – Caused by land processes (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes) Disaster – When a hazard seriously affects humans Risk – Likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazard Vulnerability – How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard. Disaster Risk Equation Risk (R) – Hazards (H) * Vulnerability (V) / Capacity to Cope (C) Risk increases if: * Frequency or severity of hazards increase * People vulnerability increase * Capacity to cope decreases (Capacity to cope is the ability to deal with the consequences of a hazard) e.g. people in remote areas are further from help in central areas, so have lower capacity to cope) * Global Warming – greatest global hazard * Recent increase in average global temp – climate change * Causes other types of climate change * Context hazard – global in scale (affects all parts of environment) – potential to trigger other hazards or make them worse * Chronic Hazard (Long term) * People who aren’t causing the problem are mostly affected * Difficult to find solutions * Hydro-meteorological hazards becoming more frequent ...
Words: 10391 - Pages: 42
...January 2009 | Section A1 Study Figure 1.(a) Describe the level of earthquake hazard risk along the west coast and the south coast (2) (b) Why are earthquakes common in some parts of the world? (4)(c) Which of the following can be physical causes of disasters? Put a cross in the two correct boxes. (2)A El NiñoB DeforestationC Population growthD Cyclone(d) With reference to a named example, explain what is meant by a disaster hotspot. (4)2 Study Figure 2. (a) How much ice has been lost between 2000 and 2007? Put a cross in the correctbox. (1)A 4.1 billion m3B 4.5 billion m3C 5.2 billion m3D 8.3 billion m3(b) What has happened to the rate of ice loss since 2002? (2) (c) Suggest reasons for the loss of ice taking place in most Arctic areas. (4)(d) Describe two ecological impacts of climate change in the Arctic. (4)3 Study Figure 3. (a) Identify the height of the flood wall defence in the 1880s and 1930s. Put a cross inthe correct boxes. (2)1880s 1930s2 metres 3 metres3 metres 4 metres4 metres 5 metres5.4 metres 5.4 metres(b) State three economic consequences of widespread flooding for a major city such as London. (3) (c) Suggest reasons why flood defences, such as those in London, have been raised and improved over time. (5)4 Study Figure 4. (a) Name the global region that received the biggest flow of manufactured goodsfrom China. (1) (b) Which of the following statements correctly describes the flows of manufactured goods between China and Western Europe? (1)Overall profit of $45...
Words: 5871 - Pages: 24
...Climate Change Awareness, Impacts and Academic Performance of Public High School Students in Cavite A Master's Thesis presented to the Faculty Of the Graduate School and Open Learning College Cavite State University ICLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS, IMPACTS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CAVITE INTRODUCTION The earth’s climate is the result of rapid changes that occur on earth for over the past hundred years. This climate’s condition is actually very vital in the daily living of the people, as its impacts and effects to all parts of the world; as well as to the people living on earth. Climate change is the state where there are climate variations that result to great impacts on human activity. In this connection, the impacts of climate change on the study habits of the students have caught the attention of the concerned sectors of the government in every country. One of the effects of climate change is drought, which results into the growing need of food sustainability in many areas of a country. It adversely affects the students’ learning and other performances in the school. Naturally, drought and natural disasters reduce the opportunities of the students to acquire knowledge from the schools; since there is always postponement of classes whenever there is a strong typhoon and flood occurs in the country. Moreover, during disasters, many families do not have source of income or financial resources that gives great impact to the children for...
Words: 9991 - Pages: 40
...Climate Change Impacts & Risk Management A Guide for Business and Government Published by the Australian Greenhouse Office, in the Department of the Environment and Heritage. ISBN: 1 921120 56 8 © Commonwealth of Australia 2006 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth, available from the Department of the Environment and Heritage. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: The Communications Director Australian Greenhouse Office Department of the Environment and Heritage GPO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Email: communications@greenhouse.gov.au This publication is available electronically at www.greenhouse.gov.au IMPORTANT NOTICE - PLEASE READ While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Climate Change Impacts & Risk Management A Guide for Business and Government Prepared for the Australian Greenhouse Office, Department of Environment and Heritage by: Broadleaf Capital International Marsden Jacob Associates CONTENTS A What This Guide Is About 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose...
Words: 23094 - Pages: 93
...Australian people, politicians and indeed all across the world. Australia is not the first country in the world to undertake this and many other countries have already made huge steps towards reducing their carbon output, and that includes developing nations like China. Countries have started this transformation to take advantage of the economic opportunities stemming from the next stage of global development that will be powered by clean energy many countries have taken up carbon pricing of which carbon tax is one of these. Carbon tax is a tax is an environmental tax that is levied on the amount of carbon that is contained by a certain fuel. Carbon is present in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and other crude oil products and is released as carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a heat trapping gas which facilitates global warming. On the other hand other fuels such as wind and solar do not emit these heat entrapment gases thus are considered environment friendly as they do not lead to global warming. GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE The main reason for these carbon pricing methods such as carbon tax is to reduce the emission of green house gases such as carbon dioxide that cause environmental degradation through global warming. Australia has seen an increase of 0.9 ºC since 1950. We have observed changes to our climate faster than anything earth as seen for at least 1800 years. Surface temperature stations have been used since the 1850s, and there are a number of complete records...
Words: 3609 - Pages: 15
...version is available with white stripes. (USDA Zones 7 - 9) 2. Christmas Cactus (Zygocactus or Schlumbergera) A trailing member of the cactus family that produces deep pink / red flowers in early winter. Seems to do its best when ignored. Can handle low light, but you’ll get more flowers in bright light. Pruning after blooming with keep the plant bushy. You can force your Christmas cactus to bloom in December by keeping it in complete darkness for 12 hours a night, beginning in about mid-October, until buds appear. An even easier method is to subject it to cool temperatures (50 - 55 degrees F.) starting in November. Just leave it on a windowsill at home while the heat is off, because you’re at work. (USDA Zones 9 - 11) 3. Dragon tree (Dracaena marginata) & Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderian) Dracaena have long been the centerpiece of container plantings. Street plantings in towns across America feature 1 spiky dracaena stuck in the center of red blooming geraniums in a half whisky barrel. But there is actually a good amount of variety in dracaena and most make excellent, easy care houseplants. In particular, Dragon Tree (Dracaena marginata) which resembles a small palm tree and can reach heights of 10 ft. and Lucky Bamboo, which isn’t bamboo at all. Both have stems that can be trained to bend or spiral hin stems are topped by clusters of slender arching leaves with narrow purple margins. They grow best in bright light and if allowed to dry out between waterings. Even if...
Words: 4640 - Pages: 19
...school calendar which spans from June to March is often disrupted as destructive typhoons plague the region during the rainy season that’s why our lawmakers decided to move the opening of classes from September through May to avoid numerous class suspensions and serve to protect the students during strong typhoons. The Department of Education said that it is open to the proposal by some sectors, including lawmakers to move the opening of classes but they want to ensure the comfort of the students in school and stresses the need for a comprehensive study. While the Department of Education is open on the proposal, some did not welcome this idea. An initial survey on the matter conducted way back in 2009. On the respondents, 66 percent were against the move while 34 percent were in favor. [1] Also, another ground for rejecting the proposal is the traditions celebrated during summer and being not conducive in learning because of hot weather during March. The delay in suspension of classes is one of the reasons why our lawmakers and other sectors in the community urge to move the classes from June to September. Unexpected suspension of classes is hard on the part of students because they have to deal with floods, lack of transportations and diseases. Numerous class suspensions also cause irregularity of school days due to rains and floods, horrendous difficulties to and from school and danger to life from open drains and excavations. One of the thrusts of the Department...
Words: 6717 - Pages: 27
... Abstract 3 I. INTRODUCTION 4 II. Theory 1: GLOBAL WARMING IN THE PAST 5 • Article 1: Volcanism • Article 2: Orbital variation • Article 3: Solar output • Article 4: Plate tectonic • Article 5: Solar radiation III. Theory2: THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT 7 • Article1: Carbon Dioxide • Article2: Methane • Article Ni trous Oxide • Article Ozone • Article4: Synthetic Chemicals • Article 5: Aerosols IV. Theory3: EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING 13 • Article 1: Weather • Article 2: Ice Sheets and Glaciers • Article 3: Sea Level • Article 4: Agriculture • Article 5: Plants and Animals V. Theory4: The impact of global warming on humanity 22 • Article 1: Extreme storm affects health and infrastructure • Article 2: Heat wave increase death and illness • Article 3: Water and food supplies threatened • Article 4: Drinkable water become increasingly contaminated • Article 5: Large numbers of environmental refugee VI. Theory5: EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING 23 • Article 1: Carbone Capture • Article 2: Energie Sources • Article 3: koyoto • Article 4: Programs in the United States • Article 5: Montreal protocol CONCLUSION 27 Bibliography 28 Abstract: Throughout its long history, earth has warmed and cooled time, and again. Climate has changed when the plant received...
Words: 8677 - Pages: 35
...concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were artificially raised by humankind at an ever-increasing rate since the past 250 years. As of 2004, over 8 billion tons of carbon dioxide was pumped out per year; natural carbon sinks such as forests and the ocean absorbed some of this, while the rest accumulated in the atmosphere. Millions of pounds of methane are produced in landfills and agricultural decomposition of biomass and animal manure. Nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere by nitrogen-based fertilizers and other soil management practices. Once released, these greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for decades or longer. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide and methane levels have increased by 35 and 148 percent since the 1750 industrial revolution. Paleoclimate readings taken from ice cores and fossil records dating back to 650 000 years show that both gases are at their highest levels. Thermal radiation is...
Words: 12237 - Pages: 49
...Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when collapsed Mayan cities to 2005. Other locations are the Viking ships, isolated churches in Greenland, ghostly stone heads in Easter Island, sheep farms in Australia or the farmers of Montana (United States). The book is richly informative, with a lot of places of diferent peoples and cultures. All the characters were trying to build a wealthy society but they persued bad enviromental politics...
Words: 22095 - Pages: 89
...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
Words: 235965 - Pages: 944
...remarkable overall rate during the past 30 years as a consequence of the Green Revolution. Nevertheless, the region has a greater number of undernourished and poor than any other developing region, and more than two-thirds of these reside in rural areas. Most of this region is a subcontinent resting on the Indian Plate (the northerly portion of the Indo-Australian Plate) separated from the rest of Eurasia. It was once a small continent before colliding with the Eurasian Plate about 50-55 million years ago and giving birth to the Himalayan range and the Tibetan plateau. It is the peninsular region south of the Himalayas and Kuen Lun mountain ranges and east of the Indus River and the Iranian Plateau, extending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea (to the southwest) and the Bay of Bengal (to the southeast). The region is home to an astounding variety of geographical features, such as glaciers, rainforests, valleys, deserts, and grasslands that are typical of much larger continents. It is surrounded by three water bodies — the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The climate of this vast region varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. The variety is influenced by not only the altitude, but also by factors such as proximity to the sea coast and the seasonal impact of the monsoons. ➢...
Words: 6915 - Pages: 28
...DIVINE WORD UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATIC DUE: 6th March 2015 Globalization and its impact on Pacific Island Nations PNG STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MAJOR PAPER PREPARED AND COMPILED BY JOHN STARLING IRO BUSINESS ACCOUNTANCY 4 DIVINE WORD UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATIC DUE: 6th March 2015 Globalization and its impact on Pacific Island Nations PNG STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MAJOR PAPER PREPARED AND COMPILED BY JOHN STARLING IRO BUSINESS ACCOUNTANCY 4 Table of Contents Introduction3 1.0 The features of globalization 1.1 Economy…………………………………………………………………………………………………...4 1.2 Trade………………………………………………………………………………………………………...5 1.3 Communication and Technology……………………………………………………………….7 1.4 Environmental…………………………………………………………………………………………..8 1.5 Culture………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 2.0 Impacts of globalization on pacific island nations…………………………………11 3.0 The serious problem facing the world today…………………………………………13 3.1 Global warming……………………………………………………………………………………….13 3.2 Poverty, Disease, conflict and natural disaster………………………………………..14 4.0 How it affects the Government and people of Solomon Island……………..16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 Introduction Definition Globalisation is define as; “A process in which the economic, political & cultural separation between nations is breaking down & an international order is emerging” It is further define as the occurring in the economic, political &...
Words: 5298 - Pages: 22
...DEFINITION FROM WIKI (understand and write it yourself) In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbanceby resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitudeor duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates.Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources,pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental management which aims to build ecological resilience through "resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance". The concept of resilience in ecological systems was first introduced by the Canadian ecologist C.S. Holling in order to describe the persistence of natural systems in the face of changes in ecosystem variables...
Words: 15264 - Pages: 62
...Preservation of Traditional Medicines The people of Canada have been fortunate to be able to experience a somewhat free health care system, yet there are still many problems to be addressed with this system. For example, one issue would be to understand why Indigenous people and communities have limited access to health care. This is true especially in the northern and more isolated communities. However the people of these communities have survived through thousands of years with the use of natural, traditional medicines grown on the land. The knowledge of traditional medicines shared by elders and Indigenous people of Canada has been overlooked by the health care system, Canadian government and the general population of Canada. This is the direct result of exploitation of the land that produces these traditional medicines leading to the loss of healing plants, and knowledge and culture for Indigenous peoples of Canada. It is important to protect and preserve the Canadian landscape so medicine plants can thrive, the Indigenous cultures and knowledge can live on and communities can continue to be independent without relying on a health care system that may already be failing them. Much of history that is taught in the Ontario education system starts at the dawn of colonialism and is then seen through the eyes of the colonizer. However, to understand such traditional medicines and the power that the land holds, one must go back to the beginning of creation. There are many...
Words: 2712 - Pages: 11
