...Application 6 TCA #4 6 Characteristic 6 Application 7 TCA #5 7 Characteristic 7 Application 7 TCA #6 7 Characteristic 7 Application 7 TCA #7 7 Characteristic 7 Application 7 TCA #8 8 Characteristic 8 Application 8 TCA #9 8 Characteristic 8 Application 8 TCA #10 8 Characteristic 8 Application 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Management Theory/Model/Strategy Taxonomy Trained scholars may manifest thought into the outside world by manner of classifying ideas into ideology. Classification of categories, known as taxonomy, may help individuals, organizations, and countries to achieve objectives by maximizing productivity (Williams & Knicki, 2009). In like fashion, Martín-Peña and Díaz-Garrido (2008) established that theories, models, and strategies increased organizational value when implemented efficiently. The purpose of this research will explore the tenets of taxonomy protocol exhibited in three categories: (1) Theory, model, or strategy, (2) Characteristic, and (3) Application. Even though creating taxonomies requires an investment of time, categorizing topics into a logical format inspires individual assertiveness and organizational efficiency within a structured environment (Martín-Peña & Díaz-Garrido, 2008). Theory/Characteristic/Application (TCA) Classification of very complex subject matter, such as theories, models, and strategies may improve comprehension and policy. Theory is a means of assumption that creates innovation (O’Rourke, 2010). A model...
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...------------------------------------------------- Crime in context Discuss the role of the media in the construction of the general public`s perceptions of crime and the implications of this for the development of safety policies. The primary source of information on crime and safety policies is the mass media. Mass media has a primary aim to inform and entertain and therefore the coverage of crime may be inaccurate, biased and may promote inappropriate policies of crime control. However, the influence that the media imposes upon the public about crime will ultimately be dependent upon how the content of the media is interpreted by specific audiences. In relation to crime statistics and the public’s perceptions, the Government's British Crime Survey (BCS) of 2008/9, results showed that UK public felt crime had increased locally from 36 per cent in 2007/08 to 38 per cent in 2008/09 and an increase in the proportion of people who think crime has increased nationally from 65 per cent in 2007/08 to 75 per cent in 2008/09 when in fact the figures had decreased. On the other hand, some categories of crime did show an increase, such as theft from the person which increased by 7 per cent. Two main categories of mass media are print media and electronic media. Both categories differ in the way that print media is mainly factual and electronic media tends to provide visual imaging to relay information. At present visual media coverage is the most predominant in conveying the meanings...
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...sections offer formatting rules for a Reference List page, URLs for web sites with more information about APA documentation, and an example APA reference list using entries from the "APA Citation Rules & Examples" page by Tarleton Libraries. APA REFERENCE LIST FORMATTING RULES An APA reference list is formatted as follows: Sources used in preparing your paper must appear in the reference list, and all entries in the reference list must be cited in your paper. Make sure the entries match. o Note: APA rules exclude some source types from reference lists. For example, communications like personal interviews and letters do not provide recoverable data. Therefore, they would be cited in a paper, but excluded from the reference list. Check the APA manual for additional information. See the APA handbook for rules about listing works you read, but did not use. Put the reference list at the end of the paper. Start the reference list on its own page. Put the page number in the upper right-hand corner, at least one inch from the right-hand edge of the paper and between the top edge of the paper and the first line of text. Title the page References (or Reference if there is only one entry). Do not underline or italicize the title. Do not put it in quotation marks. Center the title on the top margin (usually an inch from the top of the page). Double space the entries. Begin the first line of each entry at the left margin. Indent subsequent lines five spaces...
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...This paper seeks to find out and elaborate the term Early Warning Scores (EWS) while also showing its vital role in early identification and quick treatment of a patient who is experiencing a fast deterioration of health. There are other diverse scores that are similar to the Early Warning Score (EWS). For example, there is the ‘Modified Early Warning Score’ and the ‘National Early Warning Score’. The above scores have different terms because they use different set of parameters and variables in measurement when compared to the EWS. This paper will focus on the use of EWS consistently and will only refer to measurements that fall under EWS. Literature mainly drawn from national policies and guidelines issued by bodies such as the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Confidential Inquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD), and National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) reinforce our support of the use and efficacy of EWS. Through the use of literature derived from medical books nursing journal, medical journals, and other medical sources from the internet we will provide evidence on the efficacy and use of EWS. The objective will be to come up with a recommendation on the EWS that is derived from research. The first consideration when discussing critical care is to consider what it comprises of. Critical care is the direct delivery of medical-care to the patients that are acutely ill. While giving critical care it should be understood...
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...effectively. Abstract Application of principles of motivation and emotion has significant influence on the effectiveness of weight loss in weight loss programs. I agree with this view and will justify it by introducing principles and backing them up with official academic research as evidence. Adverse emotions can facilitate weight gain and disruptions in dieting. I believe principles such as Drive Theory, Self-Determination, Self-Confrontation and Self-Efficacy can counter weight gain and promote weight loss in weight loss programs. The concept of exercise opposes this view as it states that it the level and moderation of physical activity directly affects motivation and emotion and hence, the regulation of motivation and emotion cannot do without exercise. However, further analysis will explain why this opposing argument is not concrete. The essay will demonstrate tighter links with how principles of motivation and emotion affect the measures of effectiveness in weight loss programs. Application of motivation and emotion principles in weight loss programs to lose weight effectively. Effects of motivation and emotion are the underlying core factors behind weight loss success. Research has shown that motivation is a strong determinant in self-regulation during weight loss (Teixeira et al., 2006). Also, it is reported that there is positive relationships between emotion-oriented strategies and eating. (Koff & Sangani, 1997). It is commonly believed that negative...
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...performance Neil A. Morgan Received: 28 July 2011 / Accepted: 1 August 2011 / Published online: 20 August 2011 # Academy of Marketing Science 2011 Abstract Academics and managers have struggled for many years to understand and delineate the role of marketing in explaining business performance differences between firms. Most of the theory base for any such attempts has to be informed by strategic management theory, since the primary question that strategic management seeks to answer is why some firms outperform others over time. This paper synthesizes three major streams of thought in strategic management with the empirical and theoretical literature on strategic marketing to develop an integrative theory-based conceptual framework linking marketing with firms’ business performance. Keywords Marketing strategy . Marketing resources . Marketing capabilities . Positional advantage . Competitors . Market performance . Financial performance Introduction The role of marketing in explaining firms’ business performance has received significant attention throughout the history of the marketing discipline. The need to link marketing with business performance has become more Acknowledgements Doug Vorhies contributed to much of the thinking represented in this paper—a version of which we set out to write together more than a decade ago but never got time to drive to completion in the face of competing projects. Naturally, all errors in the present paper remain mine...
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...Yet, “Hotspots”—regions with particularly high rates of volcanism—are not necessarily associated with plate boundaries. Hawaii, the premier example, is thousands of kilometers from the nearest plate boundary yet exudes lava at a higher rate per unit area than at any other place on Earth. G. Foulger and J. Natland 2003, discuss the evidence, or lack there of, of the deep plume model through seismic analysis, especially at Yellowstone. The fact that hotspots are not fixed, “Hawaii has not remained stationary; it changed direction radically at the time of the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain ~50 million years ago, when the Pacific plate did not change direction” (p.921). And that analysis of the petrology does not indicate temperatures required from mantle from a deep plume. Richard Monastersky states, “For plate reconstructionists, hotspots seemed an ideal benchmark for tracing plate motion in the past; they literally left a trail on a plate as it passed overhead…However, new evidence suggests that these benchmarks may actually...
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...PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Mergers and Acquisitions Volume Author/Editor: Alan J. Auerbach, ed. Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-03209-4 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/auer87-1 Publication Date: 1987 Chapter Title: The Growth of the "Junk" Bond Market and Its Role in Financing Takeovers Chapter Author: Robert A. Taggart, Jr. Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5819 Chapter pages in book: (p. 5 - 24) 1 The Growth of the “Junk” Bond Market and Its Role in Financing Takeovers Robert A. Taggart, Jr. 1.1 Introduction “Junk” bonds, as they are popularly called, or “high-yield’’ bonds, as they are termed by those wishing to avoid pejorative connotations, are simply bonds that are either rated below investment grade or unrated altogether.’ Fueled by the introduction of newly issued junk bonds in 1977, this segment of the bond market has grown rapidly in recent years and now accounts for more than 15 percent of public corporate bonds outstanding. However, the growth of junk bond financing, particularly in hostile takeover situations, has been bitterly denounced. For example, Martin Lipton, a merger specialist with the firm of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen, and Katz, has argued that junk bond financing threatens “the destruction of the fabric of American industry” (Williams 1984). In a similar vein, twelve U.S. senators signed a letter in support of Federal...
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...Hotels in Jordan Original Citation Aldehayyat, Jehad S., Al Khattab, Adel and Anchor, J.R (2010) The Use of Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques by Hotels in Jordan. Working Paper. Emerging Markets Research Group University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. (Unpublished) This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/7507/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • • • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: E.mailbox@hud.ac.uk. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ The Use of Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques by Hotels in Jordan ABSTRACT Purpose This paper aims to understand the use of strategic planning tools and techniques and the nature of its relationship with managers’ views of the strategic planning process in hotels. Design/methodology/approach...
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...Curriculum Source References The following references were used in the CFA Institute-produced publications Quantitative Methods for Investment Analysis, Analysis of Equity Investments: Valuation, and Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process. Ackerman, Carl, Richard McEnally, and David Ravenscraft. 1999. “The Performance of Hedge Funds: Risk, Return, and Incentives.” Journal of Finance. Vol. 54, No. 3: 833–874. ACLI Survey. 2003. The American Council of Life Insurers. Agarwal, Vikas and Narayan Naik. 2000. “Performance Evaluation of Hedge Funds with OptionBased and Buy-and-Hold Strategies.” Working Paper, London Business School. Ali, Paul Usman and Martin Gold. 2002. “An Appraisal of Socially Responsible Investments and Implications for Trustees and Other Investment Fiduciaries.” Working Paper, University of Melbourne. Almgren, Robert and Neil Chriss. 2000/2001. “Optimal Execution of Portfolio Transactions.” Journal of Risk. Vol. 3: 5–39. Altman, Edward I. 1968. “Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy.” Journal of Finance. Vol. 23: 589–699. Altman, Edward I. and Vellore M. Kishore. 1996. “Almost Everything You Wanted to Know about Recoveries on Defaulted Bonds.” Financial Analysts Journal. Vol. 52, No. 6: 57−63. Altman, Edward I., R. Haldeman, and P. Narayanan. 1977. “Zeta Analysis: A New Model to Identify Bankruptcy Risk of Corporations.” Journal of Banking and Finance. Vol. 1: 29−54. Ambachtsheer, Keith, Ronald Capelle, and...
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...position in today’s highly competitive and fast paced business environment more and more supplier firms engage in relationships with their customers. These inter-organizational relationships have proven to create value for both parties involved. However, the management of such relationships requires resources and is a complex task. Recent advances in information technology offer new ways of managing inter-organizational relationships. The impact of those intra-organizational and inter-organizational information systems for creating value in business-to-business relationships has not been explored so far. In this paper, a conceptual model about the impact of information system deployment on value-creating functions of inter-organizational buyer-seller relationships is developed. Based on an empirical study with 60 German firms engaged in customer-supplier relationships this paper also gives some empirical evidence for the developed framework. It is argued that with regard to relationship management intra- and inter-organizational information technology deployment has different effects on relationship atmosphere (i.e. trust and commitment) and on the value creation in the relationship. The findings give new insights into the role of...
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...have occurred elsewhere and sparked large scale investigation and media scrutiny. In all of these corporate failures, the level or absence of disclosure has had a lot to do with the unexpectedness of the collapse. This paper analyses the HIH collapse within a Foucaldian framework to demonstrate the need for accountants and auditors to work together so as to avoid criticism of the profession arising from unexpected corporate failures in the future. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to analyse the collapse of HIH and the role of its auditor, Andersen, within a Foucauldian framework encompassing archeology and genealogy of power and knowledge. The mythical Jedi force is used as a metaphor for power attained by the accounting profession through its claim to superior knowledge and skill to be applied in the public interest. Accordingly, the force includes professional ethics. The dark side is used as a metaphor for the collapse of HIH because accounting standards and practices, the accounting profession's power base, were used to conceal impending collapse resulting in the escalation of losses to policy holders, creditors and the general public. Regulatory responses to the Royal Commission into the collapse of HIH are viewed for purposes of this paper as the return of the Jedi in that the Corporate Law Economic Reform Programme (CLERP 9) proposals are aimed at strengthening corporate governance including auditor...
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...Leadership and the use of Power to Achieve Social Change Daniel William Chappell Dallas Baptist University Leadership and the Use of Power to Achieve Social Change Introduction The United States changed forever on November 4, 2008. Anyone watching a television on this important evening knew that everything had changed. Barak Hussein Obama had just been elected the 45th President of the United States of America, and he represented the first African American to ever win this office. To many the election was a fulfillment of Dr. Martin Luther King’s dream for social and political equality for African Americans. Still others, including the newly elected President, reached back to Lincoln. President Obama would also, invoke the founding fathers, giving credit to the social experiment that democracy is and thus hinting to the efforts of Washington and others. The days that followed the Obama election would be filled with symbolism leading to the concert on the steps of the Lincoln memorial, and the day of service, called by the President, in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. the day before inauguration. The election of President Obama seemed to have brought full circle the experiment of democracy. The dreams of the founding fathers were present, the echo of Lincoln’s consequential Presidency were present, and certainly the dreams and speeches of Dr. King were front and center in this cultural moment. Yet the cultural moment represented so much more than a continuum...
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...Act applies to all aspects of employment, including applications, hiring, training, discharge and compensation, among others (Dessler 2011). In 2008 the Act was amended creating the ADA Amendments Act of 2008. The amendment clarified the definition of disability and expanded coverage to impairments that limit routine life activities. Significantly, the amendment holds that adaptive aides and conditions that are in remission or are mitigated by medical therapy have no bearing on disability determination (USAB 2011). This paper will explore the origins of the ADA, its history, some of the controversies that surround it, new thinking about organizational theory and future trends. History of the ADA The ADA can be traced to the work of Frank and Lillian Galbreth, pioneers in organizational psychology and ergonomics. During the early 20th century this husband and wife team evaluated motion studies that were first done by Fredrick Taylor (Morgan 1998). The Galbreths went beyond Taylor’s work of simply examining techniques used by high performers and established training methods based on their findings. They used the cutting edge technology of motion pictures to examine how the human body was used for work tasks. They then developed principles, settings and adaptive aides that make workers physical movements more safe and efficient. Their findings created what we now call ergonomics – the study of how workplace and equipment can be designed for comfort, efficiency, safety...
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...John.Fahy@ul.ie. Alan Smithee is Senior Lecturer in Marketing, Alloa Metropolitian University, Alloa, Scotland. Please address all correspondence to the first author. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) is one of the latest strategic management concepts to be enthusiastically embraced by marketing scholars. This paper argues that the RBV holds much promise as a framework for understanding strategic marketing issues but cautions that, before it is adopted, it needs to be fully understood. Consequently, the paper charts the development of the RBV from its origins in early economic models of imperfect competition, through the work of evolutionary economists to the contributions of strategy and marketing scholars over the past two decades. This broad literature base has given rise to a great deal of ambiguity, inconsistent use of nomenclature and several overlapping classification schema. The paper seeks to draw together common themes of firm heterogeneity, barriers to duplication, sustainable competitive advantage and Ricardian rents within an overall model of resource-based competitive advantage. The second part of the paper describes three aspects of strategic marketing likely to benefit from adoption of the resourcebased perspective, namely, strategic analysis, positioning and international marketing strategy. In terms of the former, it is argued that the RBV helps to overcome some of the frequently cited problems of the SWOT framework. Similarly, it contends...
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