...There are many weaknesses and problems with the EWT used in this trial: firstly, at the first interview there was some inconsistency in the group’s descriptions of the robber (2 said he had brown hair and 2 said he had blonde hair), this shows a problem with the EWT used in the trial as clearly straight after the event (the eye witnesses memories of the event would have been the clearest as it had just happened), however as they were interviewed in a group all 4 members of the group heard what the others had to say about the event- subsequently two of the witnesses changed what they said and thus all four claimed he had blonde hair. This is a clear problem with the testimony used in the trial as as all the witnesses were interviewed at the event in a group and due to social desirability and conformity they changed their remembrance of the event- therefore what they said in court may have not been an accurate account of what they think they actually saw. Weapon focus may also have had an effect in this case and this would have also caused a problem with the EWT used as the criminal used a weapon, and as that weapon is a threat to these people’s lives then they would have focussed on that weapon, and as a result this would have distorted what they remembered about the rest of the event (i.e. what the criminal looked like) which makes the EWT used invalid. The police in the investigation did also lead the witnesses to a desired answer as in the third interview they showed them...
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...Ashlee Ford April 20, 2011 Margaret Sofianos Essay Assignment What is the difference between strict and limited inerrancy? Which seems more convincing? Why? What is the significance of seeing different genres in the Bible? In this module, we look at the Christian view of the scriptures, and revelation sections. Here they discuss the problems with revelations, the definition of a scripture, the problems with scriptures, etc. My take on this, is that the scriptures are all witness testimony, which means they are opinionated. To some, that could be the problem. The difference between strict and limited inerrancy is with strict inerrancy, it demonstrates the view that there are no mistakes in the bible, while limited inerrancy leaves room for the possibility of mistakes within the scriptures. The significance of seeing different genres in the bible is to see scripture readings with a fresh eye, and to discover the different ways that testimonies were put together. The genre of the bible is basically biblical answers. “Inerrant” is a word that means “incapable” of making a mistake. And it refers to the belief that God protected the biblical authors from making mistakes (pg. 212). I don’t really agree with this because I believe that everything in the bible (well scripture wise anyways) is a witness testimony. John, Paul, Matthew and Luke all wrote down the events of what happened, and its how they took things. Twenty people could view the same event, and all record...
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...AT&T released a series of videos for their campaign titled “It Can Wait”. The telecommunications company have made multiple videos about distracted driving and the effects it can have on everyone. This essay will discuss the particular video titled “Close to Home”. This advert uses pathos to convince the target audience with the emotional message to not text and drive. The video starts out by introducing a young boy, taking notice to every detail and riding his bicycle who will later witness an accident. It then goes on to introduce a young girl and her mother. The child is portrayed as sweet and innocent; playing with her toys and listening to her mother. The mother is portrayed as kind and loving; calling her daughter pet names and...
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...Age and EWT 1. Describe the aims, procedures, findings and conclusions of Poole and Lindsay’s (2001) study of the effects of age on EWT – science demonstration Aims- The aims of their experiment were to assess whether children were able to source monitor. Procedures- They used child participants aged 3-8 years of age. They were shown a science demonstration throughout the day; later that day their parents read them a story, which contained aspects of the science demonstration. The next day, the children were questioned about the science demonstration and then were further asked to think about where they got their information from (source monitoring). Findings- It was found that the younger children were unable to source monitor as they could not identify where they learnt the information whereas the older children could. Conclusion- Poole and Lindsay concluded that the younger children are poorer eye witnesses than the older children as they are unable where they learnt the information. This means that they aren’t able to distinguish between original eyewitness memory and post event information. 2. What does this suggest about age and EWT? This suggests that age does affect EWT. 3. Explain why the story told at home could have been an extraneous variable… Interview bias (how the parents read the story) could have influenced the accuracy of the child’s response. The parents could have unintentionally prejudiced the child by how they read the story; techniques...
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...IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF _____________________________ COUNTY, MISSOURI Judge or Division: Case Number: Plaintiff(s): Person Subpoenaed: Address: Plaintiff’s Attorney: Address: vs. Defendant(s): Requesting Party: Pltfs Attny Pltf Def Attny Def Address (of party checked above): Telephone: Defendant’s Attorney: (Date File Stamp) Address: Telephone: Telephone: Subpoena Order to Appear/Produce Documents/Give Depositions The State of Missouri to :___________________________________________________(person subpoenaed). You are commanded: to contact _____________________________________(name) at _____________________________(telephone) who will advise of time and place appearance is required. to appear at ____________________________________________________________________________________ on _______________________________________(date), at __________________________(time). to testify on behalf of ____________________________________________________________________________ . to give depositions. to bring the following: ___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Attach additional sheet if necessary.) (Seal) __________________________________________ Date Issued ___________________________________________________ Clerk/Deputy Clerk Return/Affidavit I certify that...
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...Eye witness testimony is the ability of people remembering the details of events, such as accidents and crimes which they themselves have observed. The accuracy of eye witness testimony can be affected by factors such as misleading information, leading questions, post-event discussion and anxiety. Loftus and Palmer investigated how the language (leading questions) used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. 45 students were shown 7 films of different traffic accidents. After each film the participants were given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and then answer a series of specific questions about it. There was one critical. This question was ‘About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?’ One group of participants were given this question. The other five groups were given the verbs smashed, collided, bumped or contacted in place of the word hit. The mean speed estimate was calculated for each group. The group given the word ‘smashed’ estimated a higher speed than the other groups (about 41 mph). The group given the word ‘contacted’ estimated the lowest speed (about 30 mph). This suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate memory. This may not be valid because the participants may not have taken the task seriously as they knew it was not real (lacks ecological validity) and there was little to no consent given by participants...
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...Eyewitness testimony and its credibility has always been a staple of controversy in court cases. Let's take a minute to think back the last time you were in a local retail store. Now ask yourself, are you able to describe the person who was ahead of you in the line? How many details can you really remember about that person? Now how accurate do you think that your description was? Today we are going to investigate just how accurate people's observations are in everyday life. Objective: The purpose of this project today is to determine whether eyewitness account credible and reliable enough to be used as evidence in criminal investigations. We are going to do this by determining witness recollection, gender of suspect, distance away from suspect and date and time affect the accuracy of witness accounts. . Introduction: Eyewitness accounts are always under scrutiny whether in the courtroom, by police and even scientists. In most eyewitness identification the processes typically involve selecting an alleged perpetrator from a police lineup or sketches. After selecting a suspect a formal statement is using made confirming the identification of the subject. Usually the times in which you are asked to give a statement range anywhere from a day to a few days later. Within this time frame ,ask yourself how accurately are you able to recollect what really happened or what someone really looked like. The reason that so many people also acceptance of eyewitness accounts may stem...
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...(AGG) A voice can mean many things, but what will happen when a person loses their literal voice along with their say in their life. (BS-1) Najmah loses her voice in her life because of the loss of her family. (BS-2) Then regains her hope and by that starts to make her own decisions and makes a plan to find her remaining family. (BS-3) Lastly she takes back control over her life and is able to speak again. (TS) Najmah loses her voice in a literal way and in a way where she had control over her life because her remaining family has died, she soon regains her hope and voice because of the possibility that her brother and father are still alive. (MIP-1) Najmah loses her voice and “say” in her life because she has lost her family. (SIP-A) An event that contributed to Najmah's eventual loss of voice is her brother and father been taken by the Taliban, and when her mother and her little brother died during the bombing. (STEWE-1) Najmah was very hurt by these events because she was sure that she wouldn’t see her brother and father ever again because of what she had heard and how the Taliban treat the people. “The Pashtun Talib mutters something, and the men shove and drag Baba-Jan and my brother toward the Datsun pickup trucks" (18). This event is what started Najmah in the direction of losing her voice but did not show signs of it because her mother was in an unknown state of health and Najmah needed to take care of her mother and tend to the farms and animals or they wouldn’t be...
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...the question whether or not prosecutors (DAs) rule out the possibility of an eyewitness' having face blindness before testifying against a defendant. One concern about people who may have prosopagnosia is that when using eyewitness testimony, there’s a possibility that the individual may have the diseases. The issue arises when we do not consider this because there are people with the disease and could possibly have no idea that they do. Under the criminal justice system, when using eyewitness testimony with the consideration of face blindness we are incoherently impacting lives negatively. Not considering facial blindness decreases the reliability of an eyewitness testimony because people have a misconception of people’s faces. Eye witness testimony is already fairly unreliable due to outside influence on a person’s ability to recognize a face such as the time since they saw the individual, pressure from peers, or even just the natural idea of simply forgetting (Alperin, 2011). We can see plenty cases of where district attorneys have not considered situations such as facial blindness by referring to the innocence project (Law). Many individuals have been put in jail due to misconception of facial features and error in eyewitness testimonies. There are simple factors that come into play and taking caution for those instances can help. Simply taking these issues such as face blindness into consideration can spare many lives and time spent in the...
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...Main Events in Chapters 4 and 5 Chapter 4: * Lucy goes out looking for adventure * In Piazza Signoria, she witnesses to Italian men arguing, during the argument one of the men is stabbed. * As this happens Lucy sees George Emerson, who looks after her in her state of shock and disbelief. * As a result of the horror she has just witnessed Lucy faints. * She then walks back to the pension with George along the river, and they talk of the murder they have just witnessed. Chapter 5: * Lucy accompanies Charlotte to Piazza Signoria to run some errands, * Lucy is disturbed by her memories of the murder the day before. * They run into Miss Lavish, who is trying to include the murder in her new book. * Mr. Eager, the clergyman who led the tour in Santa Croce, approaches Charlotte and Lucy and invites them to come on a drive some day this week in the hills near Florence. Lucy warms up to the idea when she hears Mr. Beebe is coming. * Mr. Eager talks about yesterday's murder in the square; when he hears that Lucy was there, he begins to ask questions about why she was unescorted. * Mr. Eager tells the women that Mr. Emerson began as the son of a laborer. He worked as a mechanic in his youth and then worked as a journalist in the Socialist press. * Mr. Eager tells them that Mr. Emerson murdered his wife. A moment later, he adds that Emerson murdered his wife "in the sight of God." The subject is promptly dropped. * After Mr. Eager...
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...On July 23, 2010 at approximately 2040 hours, I (Vincent Mendez) Security Officer was sent to asst. with Officer Andrew Kent to Shemoni Jewelry regarding a shoplifting in progress. We were advised from dispatch to help an employee from Shemoni Jewelry who witnesses one of the three males steal diamond earrings. The employee also advised one of the three suspects to stop and come back into the store. At that time the three males laughed at the employee and began speed walking away from Shemoni Jewelry. The employee then followed the three Hispanic males into Bed Bath and Beyond. I arrived at approximately 2045 hours after Officer Andrew Kent and Officer Robert Lopez were already talking to the three males. I then saw one of the three suspects (Alvarez) physically push Officer Kent and then attempt to walk towards the exterior exit out of Bed Bath and Beyond toward the parking lot. At this time officer Kent told Alvarez, don’t push me and that he needed to go back to Shemoni Jewelry or we have to call Ontario Police Department. Alvarez again physically pushed Officer Andrew Kent. I felt he needed to be handcuff because of his violent act and I did not want Alvarez to go further with his behavior and try to harm anyone else. At this time I grabbed Alvarez and took him to the ground to handcuff him. Officer Kent and I placed Alvarez into custody. Shemoni Jewelry employee witnessed Alvarez push Officer Andrew Kent several times. I heard Officer Andrew Kent sternly say to Alvarez...
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...scandal, we continue to see these actions. People are really good at self-deception. We attend to the facts we like and suppress the ones we don’t. Most of the people who had the authority at Penn State to stop the raping of children by Jerry Sandusky proved themselves to be worthless. Despite the status of many individuals, we as a society should eliminate the camouflaging of crimes. In order to seek justice and moral responsibility; motivated blindness, normalcy bias, and bystander effect must all be eliminated. First off, the world today has negative pre-determined imagery of change. This case in relation to other readings previously discussed in class, shows how many deceive change as horrifying. Mike McQueary, for example, an eye witness of the alleged attacks, was so blinded by the negative consequences he couldn’t bring himself to make known. When people find themselves in unsettling circumstances, they shut down and pretend everything is normal. McQueary’s failure to fulfill his moral responsibilities abruptly could have had an effect in why Joe Paterno, or the Penn State athletic director failed as well. Change in the Penn State program created a sense of normalcy bias, weighing more important to McQueary and Paterno than the little boys. In other words, “Nobody wants to damage the brand.” Today our major institutions lie because of a culture in which loyalty to “the company,” and protection of “the brand” – that noxious business-school shibboleth that turns employees...
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...produced by the natives of Bukidnon. It soothes my mind, it is refreshing to my soul and it brought peace to my mind. I could easily write a book if it is going to be my background. Yes, in this moment I am already a researcher and making my first book which is intended for sociological studies. Living with the natives of Bukidnon and knowing their rituals is the subject of my study. Right now I’m witnessing their rituals for occasions like marriage, thanksgiving and healing for their illness. On this night I first witness how they treated illness. It is actually a ritual, their remedy for an illness that is not treated by an herbal medicine. They call their Datu to lead the ritual the natives who was with illness will offer native chicken depends on what kind of illness she/he has. The Datu will utter some kind of prayer that will ask healing for their god, and of the same time he ask forgiveness for the trespasses of the member who has illness. Second I witness the ritual for uniting man and woman. The natives are so conservative that even if they catch you touching the hands of your opposite sex they will eventually bring you into marriage. This ritual it’s said to be the only thing that can get rid the curse among those two people who are getting married. The last ritual that I see is the ritual for thanksgiving to their god and goddesses. Villagers and their Datu were gathering to offer native pigs. This pig will killed by their Datu and they will share it after they boils...
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...witnesses. Which leads to the next type of communication of a witness statement is a statement put in writing of the alleged crime that a person had witnessed. Search warrant is a court order filled out by an officer in order to gain legal consent to search the person and property of a person who is being suspected in a crime. The search warrant must include everything that is to be searched and address of the residence. Also must be signed reviewed and signed by a judge. The prosecutions and defenses list is a list composed of witnesses that each side will call to help support each side of the case, and give testimony for the jury of what they believe took place. On the oral communications side will be the case summery in which both the prosecution and defense will put together a summary of the way they believe all event in the case took place. The judge will then give their instructions to both the prosecution and defense must adhere to the rules the judge will set forth. The judge will also make sure that no rules will be broken and the suspect will have a fair trial. Next will be the opening statements both sides will give to the court and jury to hear a preview of evidence in the case they will present. To outline what they will prove with their witnesses. Why it is that the other side is wrong. When one side calls their witness to the stand it is called a direct examination which allows the attorney to question the witness on the stand about what it is they saw or heard to help...
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...lJustice Denied First off, one of the main things that went wrong during the case was that the police chief threatened both of the witness into testifying that they saw Marshall murder Sandy Seale, instructed both witness on what to say in court, wrote up a fake statement and then made the witness sign it. This was the major reason that the jurors found Donald guilty. Another thing that went wrong during the case was that they disregarded two witnesses statement because one of them was too young and the other one had mental issues. The first witness that came to tell the police that Roy Ebsary committed the murder was Jimmy MacNeil; however, the police did not believe him as he has bad medical history of mental illness. The second witness who came to report the true killer was the murderer’s daughter, Donna Ebsary. She said that she saw Roy washing the knife and talking to Jimmy MacNeil about the murder. But, the police did not believe her because she was too young. The last thing that went wrong during the case is that they failed to do a proper reinvestigation in 1971. In 1971 they did not interview all of the appropriate witness such as Maynard Chant and John Pratico. They just believed the statements that the police chief, which led them to come up with the same conclusion as the jury. After being imprisoned for 11 years, another witness told the cops that they saw another man stab Seale. In addition, many of the previous statements targeting Marshall were withdrawn...
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