...used in the household such as soap, candles, clothing, and other necessities, the men were busy building, repairing tools, harvesting crops, hunting, fishing, and protecting the family from whatever threat might come, from wild animals to Indians. The colonists brought with them traditional attitudes about the proper status and roles of women. Women were considered to be the “weaker ones,” not as strong physically or mentally as men and less emotionally stable. They couldn’t vote, hold public office, or participate in legal matters on their own behalf, and chances to go outside the home were limited. Women were expected to listen to their husbands and be obedient to them without questions. Husbands, in return, were expected to protect their wives against all threats, even at the cost of their own lives if necessary. It is clear that separation of labor existed in the colonies. Women did traditional work generally associated with females. But because labor was so valuable in the colonies, many women were able to show their worth by being midwives, merchants, printers, and even doctors. In addition, women often had to step in to their husband’s roles in case of injury or illness. Women were able to contribute to the labor involved in farming by helping...
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...ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN=S ROLES – MONFRIES & SCEVAK 1 Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology. Vol 1, 2001, pp 1-9 Developmental differences in attitudes towards women=s roles in = Australian Society: Critical periods for Afeminist@ socialisation. @ Melissa M. Monfries & Jill. J. Scevak Faculty of Education, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia ABSTRACT Gender role attitudes of adolescent girls have not been widely studied, nor have the mechanisms by which attitudes towards women’s roles develop. The present study focussed on adolescent girls’ gender role attitudes. Specifically it focussed on developmental differences in gender role attitudes of adolescent girls (n=642). The results indicated that Year 9 girls had significantly more positive attitudes towards feminism than Year 11 girls. These findings have important implications for girls’ career development. Results suggest that there is a critical period between Years 9 and 11 which accounts for girls’ increased conservatism towards feminism. The integral involvement of socialisation processes is necessarily implicated in this critical period. INTRODUCTION Group identification has been strongly associated with an individual's level of group consciousness (Henderson-King & Stewart, 1994). Tajfel (1978; 1982) specified that the two important components of group identification were the awareness of one's group membership and the evaluative stance towards one's membership in that group...
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...Role of an Arab Woman As she walks through the doors of this unsettled mans life, she looks upon him with no consideration. That is when the man notices her undesirable beauty. As her nice natural colored hair shadows her face the man feels as if he is in search of eye contact. Though, as her reservedness doesn’t allow her to look upon or give the man a look of happiness, she enters his heart. Unsteadily he realizes he has to start the role of the Arab man; the role that Arab woman expects him to lead; the role of proposing to the lady that captured his heart without disrespecting her. As two hearts learn more from each other day by day, the two minds come to be one as they get married. Many long days pass by as the Arab couple is undecided on whether to have kids or not. Remembering, that they are not well to do financially, they disregard and decide to manage all that comes their way. The calm, sweet, loving of the little baby that has been brought into a new world brings, an unexpected joy and happiness to the couples life. As the lady realizes how one child can bring much joy to their life, she decide that she wants to see a child in every room of their house. The husband surely doesn’t mind having more kids from the lady that he is in love with, though he does start to see and feel how it is to be more responsible being married. Before, it was one lady to care for, now its three ladies and two boys. The caring Arab lady now has the role of raising, not one child...
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...employment that has a protective and beneficial mediating effect. Employment protects women against certain negative aspects of being full-time homemakers and mothers, such as monotonous housework, dependence on the male partner for financial and emotional support, increases self-esteem because they are contributing to the world they live in. These women receive a renewed interest in life because they are in the thick of it. They are living life to the fullest. This model is the one that is constantly referred to as "bad" because it paints the woman as someone who does not really care about the effect of working will have on the baby. In fact, most of these mothers have made this choice with painstaking care. They are constantly feeling what everyone is thinking, and this in turn causes undue stress on these mothers. The other model of the working mom is the one most people think of when discussing working mothers. This model is one of a woman having too many demands of her -- housewife, mother and paid employee...
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...and Roles When we hear the word status, we think of people who have a lot of money, power, and influence in society. Sociologists use the word status in reference to “any social identity recognized as meaningful by the group or society”. A status is a “position that carries with it certain expectations, rights, and responsibilities”. There are many statuses that we are born with, such as our ethnicity, race or sex, but there are also the other statuses through our lives that we enter and exit. The three primary statuses I feel that I occupy and are most important to my identity would be that I am a mother, a wife, and a photographer. I feel that of all the statuses I myself embody, those are the ones that are most important to me, those are the ones that consume most of my time, and those are the ones that others identify with me. All three of my primary statuses are achieved statuses, and that type of status is defined as “a status that we attain through talent, ability, effort, or other unique characteristics”. Whereas ascribed statuses are “received involuntarily, without regard to our unique talents, skills, or accomplishments”, all three of my primary statuses were not received involuntarily. When we occupy a certain status, society expects us to follow certain sets of behaviors, and to play a certain “role”. We are constantly being watched and our roles are constantly being evaluated by society. I feel as a mother, I am supposed to perform the role of...
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...A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Alanda James University of South Alabama Abstract Stress is a prominent factor that affects the lives of people who deliver healthcare to patients every day. It is important to examine the concept because unhealthy stress can cause multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech,...
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...Stress A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Abstract Stress is a prominent factor that affects the lives of people who deliver healthcare to patients every day. It is important to examine the concept because unhealthy stress can cause multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about...
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...marriage is more about appearances, role-playing and control tactics than true love. Marriage should be an institution about two souls entwining through the medium of love. In the 19th century it was considered to be an extremely sacred bond that a wife and husband had to abide by. The concepts of roles or game playing are a key role in approaching the themes of the play “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen. The title itself gives an indication of how the play is similar to a doll’s house; the characters, the settings and the situations depicted in the play are false at times and the play shows how certain aspects are different from reality. The entire play is woven around Torvald Helmer and Nora’s relationship. Their relationship seems perfect on the surface. They appear to be in love with each other and are happily married. Nora’s role in the play shows that she needs to be in control, to take the lead role, and that she is merely using other people as supporting characters because she does what she wants to do. She controls Torvald through by her childish behavior and flirts with Dr. Rank to assert herself on him. One question that frequently arises: How can one woman make so many unexpected transitions? She keeps changing her attitude and portrays many roles in the play ranging from a child-wife and adult tease to a determined businesswoman who is smart and manipulative and to an independent woman who puts herself before her family. Torvald’s role is more about being a male chauvinist...
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...The women tell a different story. Each of the five leading female characters plays a different role, although they all fall to the patriarchy and expectations. As they grow, several break away from society’s rules. The Price family is headed by Orleanna, who undergoes significant changes as she finds her strength and power while standing up to Nathan after spending years living under his word. As a woman living in 1950s southern America, her rights were strictly limited to housemaker. She never had a say in decisions, and stated that she didn’t want to marry Nathan, but didn’t see another option. She also states that she didn’t want to have four kids and wasn’t fit for the job, but she complied with her husbands wishes instead of her own. Having a kids in a major life decisions,...
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...The Evolution of Women in Comedy: From the Italian Renaissance to Today Since the rejuvenation of comedies during the Italian Renaissance, the roles of women in comedy have changed and fluctuated dramatically along with the roles of women in society. Female characters in comedy have ranged from stock characters with no control, to women who take some control via masquerades, to women with freedom but no personality, and finally to the fully empowered, funny women we watch on screen today. Throughout the centuries these changes in comedy have occurred to allow many women to reach their full comedic potential. Changes in comedy to include funny women are ultimately tied to changes in societal views, and this paper aims to explore the journey it took to empower women in comedy, starting from the return of comedy during the Italian Renaissance. Just as in the Middle Ages, women of the Italian Renaissance were granted neither freedom nor independence. With very little exception, women were controlled by men for their entire lives, first ruled over by their parents during childhood and then sent straight into a marriage arranged by their family to a man they probably did not want to marry (“Women”). This lack of freedom encompassed many areas. Women were expected to be housewives and only housewives. They could not leave the home without a male escort and in fact could not even own a home. Women who did not marry were forced to live with a male relative or live in a convent and become...
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...The Family Sphere: The Changing Role of Women in the Home HIS 310 American Women's History Instructor: Dr. Cheryl Lemus April 18, 2016 Dr. Barbara Welter penned an influential article in 1966 titled “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860” which shed light on the often restrictive family sphere of existence within which, most American women throughout history had dwelt. According to Welter, true womanhood held that women were designed exclusively for the roles of wife and mother and were expected to cultivate Piety, Purity, Submissiveness, and Domesticity in all their relations (para.2). The Cult of True Womanhood, the idealized sainted mother, unconditional devotee of her husband and children, and the core power within the home still exists in the minds of many American men and women and seems to be an intrinsic part of our shared history. The ideal of the sphere of the American women and her relationship to the family evolved as the colonization of the United States evolved. When the first settlers arrived, women held a much more equitable role, laboring alongside the men to establish the country’s first settlements. As the initial settlements grew, the women who had proved vital in their creation were expected to lay down their hammers and saws and return to the family sphere. The supposition being that the return of the American woman to the family sphere was a returning to of them to their natural roles. She would leave the public sphere and revert to the more domestic...
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...work to support their families. However, in the film The Intern, Jules is the one in her family who goes out to work, and her husband Matt quits his job as a marketing manager and become a home dad. Thorough such an arrangement in Jules’ family, although Jules has more time for her business, she still fails to find a balance between her career and family, which eventually results in a cracked marriage. Matt is unfaithful to Jules, meeting with another woman secretly because he finds himself much more likes a man along with a normal woman instead of Jules, a successful woman. After knowing that, Jules regards that she is the only one that should be responsible for their cracked marriage because Matt is placed in a position as a home dad through her unusual success in business. American films seldom criticize on working men because men can always find the balances between work and family; however, this film through Matt’s shortcoming indicates that Jules, a working woman, fails to protect her man and family. It is hard for a working woman to find the balance between work and home life, and Jules also fails to create that balance at this point; therefore, the film actually shows a stereotypical view of working women that women are unable to balance their work and home...
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...experiences of African-American maids. I remembered I read the book before I watched the movie. The thing I know about the book, it was written and published by a white woman and it was told by the black women who were maids in the 1960s. It gave me some assumptions to go with. Before I start, everything that I will bring up are tightly about the movie and the book. It is like a little summary however the reviews I read are really good concerning the movie and the book. The movie was produced in a small town Jackson, Mississippi. Racial tension was so high at that time. The Black women worked not only as maids in that town, but they practically raised white people’s children too. So far, they were seen as “HELP” and were treated inappropriately and poorly. Skeeter, is a young woman who were living in that town. She gets the idea to write a story about these women who were maids, because of her good experience with the black woman who raised her and took really good care of her when her mother was not around. I really liked and enjoyed this movie. It got my attention and made me cry couple of times while watching some parts. What was so interesting and good about this movie? At the beginning of the movie, the acting was excellent. Viola Davis who played a maid named (Aibileen), she is an amazing woman who was one of the central characters in the movie and Octavia Spencer who played (Minnie), who was Aibileen's best friend who also was a maid. Both have very different...
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...A woman, in Islam had been given economic independence since the very beginning. There are many matters that can be looked at where we can see Muslim women have complete economic independence. A Muslim woman is allowed to work but certain limitations exist as to what jobs this woman may have. For example, according to our teachings a woman should be only be checked by a female doctor and females should only be taught by females and hence we can see that there is a specific skill set that a woman can utilize in the form of a job in Islam. However, according to Islam, the most important and major role for a woman is that of a wife and a mother. And in many instances it has been emphasized that the most fulfilling job that a woman can do is to take care of her family and be there for them. This stems from the point that Islam considers a mother to the most important part of a child’s upbringing as she is the one who teaches the child the basic ways of life, the proper etiquettes and is responsible for the early learning of a child. This, however does not mean that a woman cannot work when it is needed to survive as long as she observes proper Islamic conduct. With aspect of how much a woman should be paid for a job that she is doing, there is no such saying or evidence present that tells us that a woman should be paid less than a man. Islam has given equal rights to women and hence according to that teaching women should be paid the same as a man. Another economic aspect in Islam...
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...sexual object. The phenomenon of sexual objectification is a well known form of pop culture and is the portraying of the female body to be used to serve as a person's sexual pleasure. It is seen everywhere from advertising to news and reality TV shows. Gender stereotypes play a huge role in how women are viewed today. To tell if something is showing a woman as a sexual object, you see if the overall ‘lesson’ is learned by using a females body parts. Gender roles plays a crucial role in today’s time. There are major differences in the Novel The Crucible and Colonial Puritans societies compared to today’s society....
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