...Arab Women (Non - National) in UAE Changes in the labor market across the world have triggered human migration across the globe. The migration is in search of opportunities and pressure from home countries. The fight for human equality and unfavorable economic conditions in home countries are some of the factors triggering the migration. Potential countries in terms of economic growth are final destinations for these immigrants. They feel a growing economy will boost earning, education and empowerment opportunities. Adina is an ambitious Arab woman born in UAE, by Yemen parents. She feels her stay in UAE if worth than her native Yemen. She is compelled to work hard by the growing economy in UAE; she has to keep up with the pace in order to fit in the economy. Adina is a young woman living with her family in Dubai. UAE economy is the strongest in western Asia, a fact that has raised the living standard especially in cities. To keep up with the growing economy, Adina merged her studies with a job in the aluminum industry in Abudhabi. It is a challenge for her to manage both the education and her job, considering she work during the weekdays and attend her lectures on weekends. She is also expected to meet demands and obligations by her family. She is determined to face these challenges in order to secure her future in UAE economy. Adina admires good life in UAE, and she works hard to maintain the status. Life has not been always good for Adina; UAE has presented her with various...
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...free... All they have to do is click a button that says that they are over 18. Pornography at first seems natural and harmless to anyone who is of a mature enough age, but much like the mainstream media and Hollywood today, pornography creates unrealistic expectations of women and treats them like sexual objects. This belief launched a movement in the 1980’s that was against all pornography, dividing feminists into two groups, one for and one against porn. Pornography catapulted to the forefront of the American women's movement in the 1980s. Because of this, many feminists viewed it as a key agent of female oppression. However, ‘sex-positive’ feminists viewed pornography as an essential ingredient of sexual liberation, and porn can liberate women from conventional notions that they must be monogamous, romantic and that sex should only be associated with procreation. For pro-sex feminists, the patriarchal nature of our society oppresses the sexuality of ALL people, not just women. The sex-positive feminists generally opposed obscenity laws and other measures that they saw as being restrictive of sexual expression. Gayle Rubin, who is a cultural anthropologist best known as an activist and theorist of sex and gender politics, was one of the sex-positive feminists who supported pornography. She believed that sex liberation is a feminist goal, and she, like all the other sex-positive feminists, disagreed with the idea that...
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...Hannah Pelfresne Christine Garlough GWS-102 Section 306 17 December 2014 Final Exam Women face problems while working in terms of harassment, hostile reputations, and unequal pay. According to lecture, harassment is defined as the verbal and physical misconduct because of race, gender, etc. to intimidate and create hostile environments. Harassment in white male dominated work occurs most often with women especially women of minority (Berdahl and Moore). This discourages women from feeling comfortable and taking initiative in the workforce out of fear. It can also have long-lasting emotional and physical effects on women. Also, women who hold high positions often face hostility from their counterparts. For example, if a man holds a high position at a company he is seen as a strong, commanding leader. Women are often seen as bossy or unapproachable. Although women make up 46.7% of the workforce, they still aren’t receiving equal pay compared to their male coworkers (Patten and Parker). According to lecture, the Gender Wage Gap reports women currently earning 78 cents to a man’s dollar. So one can infer that about half of the workforce is earning twenty-two cents less the other half just because of their biological makeup. This leads to thousands of dollars in lost wages, or lost income that would help drive the economy (Garlough). There are negative effects to women’s role in work because of how society is socially constructed. For example, being a stay...
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...Women and Gender Studies: Process Paper on Collaboration Project Daquille Barzey-Ferguson Mary Ellen Schmider Introduction to Women's Studies: Process Paper on Collaboration Project 12/01/2014 I want to start off by saying that WMST 200 was a very great course and I enjoyed every minute of it. It was a very beneficial learning experience and I have taken away so much from it. Our professor Mary Ellen Schmider was extremely helpful and her assignments were always knowledgeable and rewarding. They really opened my mind to seeing the world through a woman’s perspective. This course educated me on the aspects of the modern day woman and some of the struggles they still face. I would highly recommend this to course to people that I know. One thing in particular that challenged and was kind of new to me was the Collaboration project. It promoted classmate interaction and teamwork, which are great factors to have. This assignment was a great way to interact with our fellow classmates. Reflecting back on this courses collaborative project it was quite rewarding. At first I was a little worried about working with people I do not really know through the computer. How we are supposed come together and complete this assignment, but it turned out for the better. At first there was a little confusion as to what were our particular roles of the assignment but through outstanding teamwork we prevailed. It was a good learning experience. Our group consisted of five outstanding counterparts...
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...Gender Disparity In Relation to Managerial Positions in the Organizations in Mombasa County: Case of County Government of Mombasa. Introduction This chapter introduces the study by looking at its background and stating the problem. It further gives the objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study, its scope, the assumptions and the conceptual framework. This research seeks to unravel the factors for gender disparity in managerial positions within Mombasa County. To increase understanding of factors affecting women this study focuses on diverse factors that affect the development of women in Mombasa County. Background of the Study Gender disparities in employment opportunities and economic investment patterns in Kenya have continued to widen across all sectors of the economy and at various levels of development intervention. This trend has led to increased unemployment, under-employment, poverty and powerlessness among many Kenyan women. Part of the reason for the persistent inequality is the slow process of mainstreaming gender into employment creation and poverty eradication policies, programmes and strategies in a coordinated, multi-sectorial and crosscutting way. The other reason relates to the existence of social, cultural and structural barriers to effective female participation in the labour force. These and other factors have jointly contributed to the low pay and productivity of women’s labour and to their continued under-representation...
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...Running Head: Gender and Technology Gender and Technology Information Technology and Informatics 04:189:103 15 April 2012 Justin Ryan Page 132001199 Honor Statement Please indicate that you agree with the following statement: 1. I have done my own research for this paper, and the writing is my own. If there are any words that are taken from another writer, another student, a website or any other source, I’ve placed them in quotation marks and have given attribution to the source of the quote. Signature: Justin R Page Date: April 15, 2012 2. I have read the university’s statement on intellectual honesty/plagiarism and I understand it. Signature Justin R Page Date: April 15, 2012 Gender and Technology Overview and Introduction The research presented in this study is to show the various differences and influences genders are faced and impacted through the use of technology in today’s world. In this essay there will also be a brief look at how some races are also impacted differently in technological uses. This essay will take a look into an article called, “Caring About Connections: Gender and Computing” written by Jane Margolis, Allan Fisher and Faye Miller. In their article they take a look at differences in women and males with their uses and influence in technology, and women’s efforts to pursue an education in computer science and technology. This paper...
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...CHAPTER 1 Background of the Study The existence of successful women like Cory Aquino, Hillary Clinton and Oprah Winfrey might cause some individuals to believe that the gender equity gap in business is narrowing quickly. For the past 50 years, laws such women rights have protected women from overt discrimination in the workplace. However, despite these examples of prosperous women and legal mechanisms, gender inequity continues to exist in the workplace (King, 2006; Sarra, 2005; Scott & Nolan, 2007). Of the 75,768 claims filed through the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in fiscal year 2006, 30.7% were gender related (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2007). Theorical Framework To comprehend perceptions of inequality and the...
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...Carter, C. (2011) “Sex/Gender and the Media: From Sex Roles to Social Construction and Beyond,” in Ross, K. (ed) The Handbook of Gender, Sex and Media, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN-10: 1444338544; 365-82. ISBN-13: 978-1444338546 Sex/Gender and the Media From Sex Roles to Social Construction and Beyond Cynthia Carter Introduction In the early years of second-wave western feminism, many gender researchers and feminist scholars distinguished between the notion of sex, defined as biological differences between male and female, and ‘sex roles,’ referring to certain behaviors and characteristics attributed to each sex that was a social construction. The resulting media research centered on images of women in the media (much less emphasis was placed on men) in order to draw attention to inequities in their portrayal in relation to men (in quantitative terms as well as in terms of the use of stereotypes). Since the 1970s, however, the scope of social constructionism has greatly expanded in feminist theory. Some suggest that the distinction between the biological and the social has, as a result, eroded to such an extent that it is no longer possible to understand the difference, while others question the need for this distinction. For instance, in queer and transgender theory and feminist cultural studies, theorists have sought to make strange the ‘sex/gender’ distinction. The key argument made is that biology is no less a cultural construct than gender socialization into masculinity...
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...1 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Race, Gender, & Leadership: What Impact Does Race and Gender have on Leadership Advancement for Women and Women of Color? Dawn MJ Hyman University of Baltimore 2 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Introduction Race and gender disparities in public leadership still plague the workplace despite the continued growth of a more diverse demographic landscape. For women and women of color, this presents a unique challenge in their aspirations for leadership positions as well as how they are perceived and behave as leaders. We will examine leadership through the context of race and gender, discuss biases, perceptions and stereotypes, compare and contrast leadership experiences between women and women of color, review leadership behavior with regards to agency, and then complete the discussion with a summary and conclusion. 3 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Race, Gender, & Leadership: What Impact Does Race and Gender have on Leadership Advancement for Women and Women of Color? Depending on the definer, leadership has taken on a host of various definitions – with most depicting the use of power, authority, and influence to promote the actions of others for goal achievement (Yukl, 2009). Early on, while studies have been conducted on men and leadership, women – particularly women of color – were excluded completely from this research until the 1970’s and 1980’s (Chemers, 1997). It’s critical to address the current scarcity of leaders...
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...The study has two phases which was done to examine the effect of gender stereotypes on student's recollection of their school marks in stereotypically feminine and masculine domains (example arts and mathematics respectively). The results showed that , more students believed in gender stereotypes prior to recall, they biased their reported marks, compared to their actual marks, in a stereotype-consistent way i.e female students underestimated their marks in mathematics and male students underestimated their marks in arts. In study 2,the salience of gender stereotypes was manipulated prior to recall, yielded similar findings. The recall of school marks was more stereotype-consistent in a condition of high salience than in a condition of low salience of gender stereotypes. The theoretical implications of these results are...
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...Situating the subject: gender and entrepreneurship in international contexts Fidelma Ashe University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK, and Gender and entrepreneurship 185 Lorna Treanor Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective to further the understanding of gender entrepreneurship. This paper considers the situatedness of the gendered entrepreneur within diverse international contexts marked by different constitutions of gender identities and networks of power, both within the context of contributions within this special issue but also more broadly within the field of gender and entrepreneurship research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopt a feminist perspective and analyse the different framings of identity within gender and entrepreneurship literature and their contributions to our understandings of the concepts of both power and gendered identities. Findings – The paper finds that power and identity are configured in different contexts in ways that open arenas for future analysis. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of considering masculinities within gender and entrepreneurship research offering support for further analyses of entrepreneurial masculinities by examining two studies that expose entrepreneurial masculinities as shifting subjectivities influenced by men’s social power, but also by interactions between men and women and broader cultural contexts...
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...Foe? Engineering Gender Trends in Qatar By Karim Yacout Aggie Honor Code “On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work” For many years gender discrimination between men and women in Engineering has been the converse of many authors and researchers; each trying to search for a reason for its continuation and possible ways to decrease the existing gender gap. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to understand and limit gender discrimination in Engineering. The approach consists of three components if they are present they will help decrease gender gap in Engineering. These components are a strong economy that is driven by the need for engineers, a culture that encourages and supports the development of women in engineering, and lastly the abundance of engineering opportunities. In this paper I will be using Qatar as a case study for my arguments because I believe that Qatar managed to include all three components and the results showed a real decrease in gender gap in engineering. Strong Economy Many studies have been carried out by authors arguing that economic gender inequality is likely to decline with economic growth. Numerous arguments believe that gender discrimination in employment and wages involves extra costs for companies, but in the presence of an economic growth that would limit it (Cuberes & Teignier‐Baqué 4). In addition some authors carried out studies that resulted in data...
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...Gender And Its Social Unstoppable Construction Abstract This paper provides information about the social construction of gender. Research from seven different journal articles organized into the categories of children, men, women, and the culture of Bugistribe, Indonesia.The understanding of gender roles is evident in children, even at the age of three years old. Studies show that parent’s set unclear norms regarding gender roles, which confuses kids. Moreover, there is historical background on social construction and women. The importance of the role of beauty in the female gender role showing how young women are being more sexualized. Also, the role of eating disorders in men and women’s genders is addressed. Men’s struggle with masculinity in present society as well as fear of feminism is talked about. Finally, the Bugis tribe, located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia is studied. Their five separate genders show a fascinating look at social construction. Gender And Its Social Unstoppable Construction Gender is an extremely captivating concept. The social construction of gender is an extensive and complicated subject. Looking at the views children have of gender roles shows social construction. Studying how women’s gender roles are socially constructed with feminine behavior is very interesting. Also is fascinating how men attempt to balance and uphold masculinity. Finally, gender in other cultures, specifically the Bugis tribe of Indonesia, have extremely different takes...
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...Is it suitable for Multicultural Organizations to inherit the assumption that Work Life Balance Policies are Gender Neutral? Introduction Definition Work Life Balance is not a homogenous concept, and not amenable for precise definition as different people interpret WLB differently; the ideal ‘balance’ can vary at stages of the life cycle (Chandra, V., 2012). Experts within the field have faced difficulties in trying to define the concept, regardless of the wealth existing literature on the subject. WLB policies have been defined as ‘those that enhance the autonomy of workers in the process of coordinating and integrating work and non work aspects of their lives (Felstead et al, 2002). From an employees perspectives it is the maintenance of a balance between work and family responsibilities. This definition allows for a wide range of policies to be included under the guise of WLB initiatives. WLB policies in an organizational setting include, but are not limited to, flexible working arrangements, child and dependent care and family and parental leave (Bardoel, 1998). Importance Many Human Resource Professionals, employers associations, government departments, trade unions, academics and voluntary organizations around the world are currently debating and often enacting, policies and practices designed to promote work life balance (Fleetwood, S., 2007). The effective management of WLB is an issue increasingly recognized as of strategic importance to organizations...
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...The role of gender in workplace stress: A critical literature review Kristina 1 Gyllensten and Stephen 2 Palmer Abstract Objective The aim of this review was to evaluate research relating to the role of gender in the level of workplace stress. A further aim was to review literature relating to stressors of particular relevance to working women. These stressors included, multiple roles, lack of career progress and discrimination and stereotyping. Design Systematic review. Method Major databases were searched in order to identify studies investigating gender and workplace stress. A range of research designs included and no restrictions were made on the basis of the occupations of the participants. Results Much of the research indicated that women reported higher levels of stress compared to men. However, several studies reported no difference between the genders. Furthermore, the evidence for the adverse effects of multiple roles, lack of career progress and discrimination and were stereotyping was inconsistent. Conclusion The current review concluded that the evidence regarding the role of gender in workplace stress and stressors was inconsistent. Limitations of the research were highlighted and implications for practice were discussed. Key words: workplace stress, gender, stressors Introduction Workplace stress Stress in the workplace is a major problem for both organisations and employees, and it has been estimated that approximately 13.4...
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