...POVERTY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WHITES IN LATIN 2 AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES Abstract This article reports the relationship between the United States immigrant and African- American families presented by Daniel Patrick Moynihan in his 1965 report to President Lyndon Johnson remains the most popular folk model for explaining success, failure and mutual aid in “poverty.” The Moynihan model is an enduring part of popular discourses on race, intensified by contemporary immigrant successes narratives. The participant observation research among homeless African-American families and Latin American families had participated in a small business creation in New York City which happened more than three years ago. When kinship norms are typically American, it is said that certain immigrant family forms are more suited to mutual aid crisis. The African- American family is misused as being dysfunctional. It gives an overview of the demographic of “poverty” and how these demographics have changed since 1979. It also considers trends that have emerged over the last few decades and reconsiders the successes and failures of past public policy. It also identifies the growing feminization of poverty and the growing Latino population as the primary challenges currently facing public makers...
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...In the United States alone, more than 16 million children, approximately 22% of all children, reside in families with salaries below the federal poverty level; $23,550 a year. On average, families require an income of about double that given amount to cover the necessities. According to this, 45% of children belong to a low-income family. Moreover, people of color have an especially high rate of child poverty. Among African American children, 39.1% are poor, 35% are Hispanic children and 12.4% among non-Hispanic white children. Even more so, all poor people aged 18 and older 58% of them are women and 48% of them are men. This results in feminization of poverty, defined as the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor. The feminization of poverty is a consequence of a larger trend: the...
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...Immigration to the United States has been an issue since the country began. People have been coming here for a variety of reasons, including political and economical. People come here seeking a better life for themselves and their families. In today’s times, the largest source of immigration for this country is from Central and South America. The author Jimenez Francisco, an immigrant from Mexico, came with his family to the United States in the 1940’s. In an article written about him, Deanna Day writes “When Francisco was four years old, his family immigrated to California for more economic and educational opportunities” (Day). The causes of immigration, both legal and illegal, to the United States from Central and South America are first, high crime rates secondly, poverty in those regions, and thirdly, higher quality of life in the United States. First, a cause for immigration to the United States is because of high crime rates. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Central America is tied with Southern Africa as the world’s most violent region (UNODC, 12). In two countries, Mexico and Venezuela, the homicide rate on a three year average has been rising (36). A large part of the violence in this reason is due to gang activity. In 2012, the homicide rate of El Salvador went down by forty percent after a truce between two gangs in the country (45). People do not want to live in a country where they feel unsafe on a regular basis. These conditions are some...
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...Pimping Central America Imagine living in conditions so consumed with poverty that you are forced to risk your life to flee to another country in hopes to take care of your family. Hoping and praying to find “under the table” jobs such as roofing, gardening, grounds maintenance, cleaning houses and/or agricultural work. Central American’s do this on a daily and nightly basis; combing through the desert heats during the summer and its vicious coldness in the winter in hopes of a brighter future. Some get lucky and others either get caught and deported back to Mexico or, worse yet, trafficked and sold into a life of servitude (slavery). “Although it’s the 14th largest economy in the world, rural Mexico is still very unequal. Depending on the measure, between one-third and one-half of Mexicans live in poverty and up to 18 percent live in extreme poverty, unable to meet their basic food needs.” ("Bread For The World Institute", 2011). In this paper I will discuss death rates, risks and benefits (to include programs) of crossing through the desert for an undetermined future in the United States of America. I will also focus on the trafficking and prostitution rings between the United States and Central America. By the end of this paper I will have explained how and why these issues of Central American’s immigrating into the United States meet the specifications of the Social Structure Theory because of the poverty disturbance in their system. * Understanding the Social Structure...
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...Prostitution: Why do women get involved in it and how does it affect them? Prostitution has been going on for many centuries. Many studies have gone on, researching and trying to understand on why women get involved with prostitution and the main effects it has on then. Some report the main causes of early prostitution was due to poverty and deviance. Many see it as a career, a way to make a living and survive and provide for their families. “Studies show that many women engage themselves in such activities as prostitution by their own choice, forced into it, or because of their own mental health state. The start of prostitution started centuries. In the beginning many women were obligated to have sex with men. Along with citizens from other countries being forced onto cluttered boats to come to the United States as slaves, women were forced and used as sexual objects. Over time, women started getting paid for their sexual favors, many recent studies prove mainly that poverty drove women into prostitution. Women from all ages engaged in sexual acts, as a way to get by. Prostitution occurs all over the world, in the United States it is not something you would think about on a daily basis, other countries it occurs everywhere and is recognized. In certain countries “high unemployment has led many women, especially women from the rural sector, to enter into a life of prostitution. This problem has been widespread in many countries all over the world. “The everyday living...
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... 10-30-15 Poverty in the United States Arkansas is the second among states with the highest poverty rates, at 17.3 percent. The patterns of poverty in Arkansas have established and varied over time in relation to the physical characteristics of the state and to changes in economic and political behavior. Poverty is the high and low in different Arkansas counties. The counties with the highest poverty rates, in Arkansas, are Lee, Phillips, Lincoln, and Desha. The counties with the lowest poverty rates, in Arkansas, are Saline, Benton, Grant, and Lonoke. Only these four counties had poverty rates lower than the national average. Saline, Grant, and Lonoke counties benefit from their proximity to Little Rock (Maher, Daniel). In 2008 in Arkansas, most whites were in poverty. Within the population of those in poverty, whites made up most of the percentage in poverty. However, blacks came close with whites for being in poverty. Then, Latinos came last for being in poverty. Whites have obviously made up most of those in poverty (Maher, Daniel). Women and Children have made up a part of those in poverty in Arkansas. The gap of income variances between women and men means women are in more poverty then men are. In Arkansas, almost 19 percent of women are living in poverty, whereas only 14 percent of men are living in it. Children in Arkansas living in poverty under the age of 18 is almost 25 percent (Maher, Daniel). Arkansas, in poverty, is a difficult...
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...America. Women are the targets of rape, the most underreported violent crime. 60% of rapes go unreported to the police; cases that are reported and end up going to trial have a low rate of punishment for perpetrators (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network, 2008). Rape is a powerful tool of sexual violence because women are forced to assume the position of powerless victim, one who has no control over what is happening to her body. The ability to silence its victims also erases evidence of the crime, thus leading to a higher incidence of underreporting. Rape is part of a system of male dominance. This system has lead to opinions that the female body, especially the black female body, is available for men at their leisure, thus leading to a society tolerant of prostitution and sexual violence against low-income black women. Race is one of the predicting factors of sexual violence. Although 80% of all victims are white, minorities are more likely to be attacked (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network, 2008). Since the black female body is hypersexualized, due to negative media images, black women face injustices when trying to pursue justice for an unjust attack on their bodies. Societal male dominance has created an environment where sexual violence is tolerated; this environment combined with the social position of low-income black women in the United States has lead to disproportionate sexual victimization of black women, which is exacerbated by injustices in the United States...
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...the social consequences due to poverty in Bangladesh? Bangladesh is one of the world's most densely populated countries with 150 million people, 31.5 percent of whom live below the national poverty line. According to the World Bank in 2005, 40% of the population was still below the national poverty line. The Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) in Bangladesh was last reported at 31.51 in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012.There are several consequences of poverty those are mentioned below: Women and Child trafficking: Women and children trafficking is a perennial problem, not only in Bangladesh but also in the world. Poverty is one of the major reasons behind women and children trafficking in Bangladesh. Nowadays, trafficking is an easy way of making money by targeting the poor segment of the country. A group of heinous criminals have adopted it as a profession. They allure the victims' parents and guardians to voluntarily put them in (the victims) their hands. Sometimes they kidnap individuals to traffic them outside the country. In the name of providing employment they entice innocent people into their trap. They are brought over to Dhaka and forced into antisocial activities. Good-looking women are being trafficked abroad. Although Dhaka is their hub of activity they have networks across the country. According to United nation's statistics, during the last ten years, more than 2 lac women were trafficked to Pakistan and...
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...Running head: POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 1 Poverty and its Everyday Life Changes Professor Deanna R. Lindsey Sociology 100, Strayer University November 4, 2011 POVERTY AND IT’S EVERYDAY LIFE CHANGES 2 Abstract This report tells of the ratings of poverty in the United States and America. It tells how poverty is constantly changing the lives of men, women, and children on an everyday basis. It speaks of things we can do as a society to help support and change the lives of those living in poverty. Poverty And It’s Everyday Life Changes 3 Poverty is a very emotional and important issue in America. It is a fact that all social inequality creates poverty. There are generally two types of poverty that are discussed, which are relative poverty and absolute poverty .Relative poverty is the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more. Absolute poverty is the lack of resources that is life threatening. It has been reported by “Global Stratification “, that about one billion human beings, which is one person in six are at risk of absolute poverty (Sociology, Thirteenth Edition). In this wealthy country of the Unite States families still go hungry, and live in in adequate housing, and suffer poor health because of serious lack of resources. In 2002, it was reported by the Census Bureau that poverty in the United States was had reached a high of 35 million people (Rector and Johnson, 2004). It is fact that we as human...
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...economic and political influence that lived during the 19th century. Marx’s theory of stratification is very applicable to where society, especially in the United States, is heading today. According to Marx, society would become divided into two classes, the dominant capitalist or the working class. Essentially the capitalists consist of the owners of production within a country while the working class consists of the laborers. This represents uneven distribution of wealth and resources, which creates a system of stratification. According to Professor Domhoff of the University of California, the top 20% of the workforce owned 89% of all privately held wealth in the United States as of 2010. There is already a large gap between social classes and will only continue to get worse if we continue down the same path as a nation. Whether through higher taxes on the wealthy or tax breaks on the working class, the gap needs to be closed. Money is king of today’s society whether people want to admit it or not. For me I think the uneven distribution of wealth in this country is a primary factor of social inequality today. In the past, factors such as race, gender and religion have been driving influences of social inequality. The civil rights movement in the United States was primarily pushing for equal rights for minority races and women. In Germany we almost saw an entire religious community exterminated for being...
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... Sociology Professor Sobel POVERTY IN SINGLE MOTHERS Poverty is defined as “the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money” (http://www.ask.com/wiki/Poverty). Poverty continues to be an epidemic we face in the United States. “According to an analysis of census data, 7.9 million people live in high-poverty neighborhoods. About 30 percent of the population in these neighborhoods is Black, 29 Hispanic, and 24 percent White. (Chapter 10/Social Class, pg.255; handout). As we take a closer look, poverty is at an all time high in single mothers. “In 1970, the number of single-parent families with children under the age of 18 was 3.8 million. By 1990, the number had more than doubled to 9.7 million” (http://www3.uakron.edu/schulze/401/readings/singleparfam.htm). According to textbook Sociology Matters by Richard T. Schaefer, “since World War II, women have constituted an increasing proportion of the poor people in the United States” (Schaefer, 2013, pg 146). The factors that lead women into poverty include the departure, disability, or a death of a husband. Single mothers are also more likely to be poor because of the lower income earnings, inadequate public assistance and lack of child support from fathers. The conflict theory is highly depicted among poverty in single women. “Conflict theorists and other observers trace the higher rates of poverty among women to three distinct factors; the difficulty in finding affordable...
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...R. A E E 1 Professor Dr. L. Hamilton SOC 106 11/25/13 Section 1: Growing up in poverty Poverty is everywhere, It is in every race and every country. A child that grows up in poverty is largely at risk because he or she may speak another language, or be less healthy, or has even been abused in one way or another. When children are in the school system and they are labeled “at-risk” and that means that the student comes from a low-socioeconomic level or speaks another language. Today, there are more single parents, dual earner couples, and parents with more than one job living in both rural and urban areas in the United States than at any other time in history. Statistics show there is approximately one in five American children who live below the national poverty level (Causes of Poverty). In today’s society, many people live below the poverty line and those numbers continue to increase because of our high unemployment rates. The Census Bureau reported that 12% of Americans live in poverty. According to the Department of Health and Human Services, the poverty level in 2009 for a family of four was $22,050. With today's unfortunate down turn of events in our economy, many families struggle to earn and still do not come close to that level. Welfare reform in the United States may pressure single mothers to be gainfully employed even though child care is extremely expensive and the mother may only have an income of minimum wage. At-risk children face so many seemingly...
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...Poverty: Who are the poor in the United States? When most people think of the United States they think, the land of the free and the place were dreams come true. Living in the US, there is no limit for advancement and opportunity. No man, woman or child should ever go hungry or want for anything. Here in the US we have more cars on the road and more skyscrapers in large cities than anywhere. In small towns, there are wheat fields and cornfields for miles and miles. As an American living in the US, when we think of poverty we think of countries like India where women wash their clothes in ditches alongside main roads in Mumbai. In countries like Africa Ethiopian men, women and children may go days without a meal, sometime weeks. Examining third world countries and their poverty level, does it cross our minds that poverty really exist here in the United States? Poverty levels in the US do not compare to the poverty level in third world countries. Poverty in a third world country is measured in the terms of absolute poverty, where a person lives in conditions he/she does not have the means to meet the basic needs in life. Their living conditions could be life threaten. Here in the US, poverty level is measured in the terms of relative poverty. According to the article reviewed by Thomas J. Corbett entitled “Poverty” (2008), “Relative poverty is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages....
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...Hunger Data The world hunger problem: Facts, figures and statistics • In the Asian, African and Latin American countries, well over 500 million people are living in what the World Bank has called "absolute poverty" • Every year 15 million children die of hunger • For the price of one missile, a school full of hungry children could eat lunch every day for 5 years • Throughout the 1990's more than 100 million children will die from illness and starvation. Those 100 million deaths could be prevented for the price of ten Stealth bombers, or what the world spends on its military in two days! • The World Health Organization estimates that one-third of the world is well-fed, one-third is under-fed one-third is starving- Since you've entered this site at least 200 people have died of starvation. Over 4 million will die this year. • One in twelve people worldwide is malnourished, including 160 million children under the age of 5. United Nations Food and Agriculture • The Indian subcontinent has nearly half the world's hungry people. Africa and the rest of Asia together have approximately 40%, and the remaining hungry people are found in Latin America and other parts of the world. Hunger in Global Economy • Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion - a majority of humanity - live on less than $1 per day, while the world's 358 billionaires have assets exceeding the combined annual incomes of countries with 45 percent of the world's people. UNICEF ...
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...Culture Diversity in the United States culture Diversity in the United States For decades, the human race has been identified as nothing more but unique! From the various shades of skin to the native language and geographic native land, people are diverse and have a major impact on our world and society. United States has had major culture changes as money continues to be one of the leading causes to mankind’s problems. However, knowledge of justice has help citizens and the governments realize to a degree, humans are the primary concern rather than the root to all madness “Money”. The effects of money has had an impression on the cultural diversity of the United States primary because power played the role of inequality that lead to the destruction of many families of minorities by the majority because of money. Moreover, the United States has overcome barriers to fix the disarray that power has had on individuals to help the citizens to reach out for understanding and answers that has led to the combination of knowledge, awareness and solutions. Let’s examine how! Understanding the history of how the United States met with cultural diversity has helped me to see that through history the effects begin with a negative view and later after harsh treatment was administered; lawmakers examined the outlook of the country to benefit the citizens. Two unique situations were race and gender that had an influential role of the American culture. Race was distinguished between...
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