...Women's Health/Reproductive Health KristaLace Clifford HCS 455 February 16, 2012 John Papazafiropoulos Women's Health/Reproductive Health Women are large consumers of health care services and products. Women have reproductive health needs have longer life spans, and greater health care needs than men. Women use many reproductive services such as contraception, infertility, abortion, testing for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy and child birth. In the United States child birth is the leading cause of hospitalization. Federal and state programs are required to cover many of the reproductive services. This is the important for women because women comprise the majority of participants in publicly funded health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare. Women are important stakeholders in public policy debates about the proposed health care reform. Women are also normally of lower social statuses than men because women generally earn a lower income than men (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). According to the American Journal of American Health 73.8% of women have received at least one reproductive health service annually, this shows how much influence women have on policy changes in this area. Women received these services in several different settings. Some women prefer a private clinic while other women choose a public ran clinic. Women might choose their clinic because of the services that are offered...
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...Women's Health The purpose of this paper is to provide information on health and a particular health policy by researching the internet. The writer of this paper has chosen the topic Women’s Health, with special interest in Emergency Contraception. The writer will explain some of the challenges women face in the health care industry and provide details on emergency contraception. Lastly, the writer will identify the stakeholders that are affected by this topic. One of the major consumers in the health care industry are women. Women play major roles in health care. Women are often the decision makers for their family when it relates to health. Compared to men, women have greater needs within the health care system. Women also have to face the challenges of child birth and all the health concerns that may be associated with giving birth. In addition, women face challenges of being the head-of-household, single mothers, and financial decision makers. The choice of becoming pregnant is a decision women of all ages are making daily. In cases where birth control has failed or protection is not used Emergency Contraception is available. Emergency contraception (EC)-- also known as the “morning after pill,” is a form of contraception that can be used shortly after sexual intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy(Kaiser, 2010). EC is not intended to be used as a regular form of birth control. EC is a pill that is used to prevent unwanted pregnancy before it happens rather than later...
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...JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HEALTH Volume 21, Number 11, 2012 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3546 Obstetric-Gynecology Resident Education Regarding Barrier and Over-the-Counter Contraceptives: A National Study 1 Amie Y. Miklavcic, M.D., M.M.S., and Christine R. Isaacs, M.D.2 Abstract Background: The study was conducted to assess obstetrics-gynecology resident knowledge about barrier and over-the-counter (OTC) contraceptives and identify strengths and weaknesses in resident education. Methods: We developed a survey for distribution among 50 randomly selected U.S. obstetrics-gynecology residency programs. Results: Of 202 respondents, only 57% and 36% of residents reported adequate knowledge to counsel patients regarding latex vs. nonlatex condom use, respectively. Ninety-six percent knew spermicides were nonprotective against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, there was limited knowledge about delivery options. Only 17% had ever fit or prescribed a diaphragm, and 30% reported knowledge in performing a fitting. Greater than 80% of residents stated they received no formal didactics addressing the use of condoms, spermicides, or diaphragms. Limited experience regarding Cycle Beads and natural family planning was expressed. Conclusions: Obstetrics-gynecology residents receive little formal training about barrier and OTC contraceptive options and seek more education because of their awareness of inadequate knowledge. Introduction he Accreditation Council...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(10), 11-15, October (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. Women Health in India: An Analysis Sunilkumar M Kamalapur1 and Somanath Reddy2 1 Women’s Studies, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA 2 Social Work, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 29th August 2013, revised 21st September 2013, accepted 5th October 2013 Abstract If health is defined ‘as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it follows that existence is a necessary condition for aspiring for health. The girl child in India is increasingly under threat. In recent decades, there has been an alarming decrease in the child sex ratio (0-4 years) in the country. Access to technological advances of ultra sonography and India’s relatively liberal laws on abortion have been misused to eliminate female foetuses. From 958 girls to every 1000 boys in 1991, the ratio has declined to 934 girls to 1000 boys in 2001. In some states in western and north western India, there are less than 900 girls to 1000 boys. The sex ratio is at its worst in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat, where severe practices of seclusion and deprivation prevail. Often in contiguous areas in these states, the ratio dips distressingly below 800 girls to every 1000...
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...Women the Look Are Your Health Tyrus Woods Everest College In today’s world growing up almost every girl has visions and dreams of becoming a super model. Them wanting to be skinny and beautiful like the models they see on the TV set with shows like American Next Top Model and in magazines. This aspiration often becomes a fascination and girls begin to see this as being a needed distinguishing characteristic. Most teenage years for girl are spent trying to get a curtain look and their adult years are spent trying different diets and are exercises trying to acquire this look. This look is the thin super model look. This fixation of their look and weight has led to an increasing number of females with eating disorders. Eating disorders in women can have many causes but one main cause is the fixation to be thin and beautiful. Low self-esteem in the way they look mixed with uncontrollable exercising plays a big put in it. TV, internet, and magazines display the message that being thin is beautiful. Most little girls, teen age girls, and women have the yearning to look like actresses from shows like American Next Top Model and magazines like Vogue. Now the physical abuse to their bodies start because of a negative comment about their looks or which can lead to an eating disorder. Eating disorder is a severe problem. Body shape, weight, fat, food, and perfectionism and by feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem are characters of eating disorders says Personal Counseling...
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...This paper will explore the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped...
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...Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Concerns Gender equality is a global concern in the community, women, in particular, have been vulnerable to abuse by their male counterparts. Gender equality cannot be achieved until each woman has control over their sexual and reproductive health decisions, this includes the risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This decision is important to determine the spacing of children and also avoidance of early pregnancies, for achievement of equality, comprehensive interventions should be implemented at an early stage such as schools and in the community setting. Educating the girl child is an important tool for empowering them to better their control over sexual and reproductive health decisions among the adolescents, (Parsons 1). The control over sexual and reproductive health issues is an important element in achieving gender equality. Women need to decide whether, when and with whom to have sex, they can make the decision on childbearing and have an opportunity to ask their partners to use a condom. Today there are millions of unintended pregnancies each year, this is an indication that women and girls are unable to make decisions for their reproductive health decisions. Statistics shows that early initiation of sex predisposes girls to a higher risk of HIV, STIs, and early pregnancies. Statistics shows that pregnancy-related cause is the largest contributor of mortality among girls of ages 15 to 19 years with close to 70...
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...HIV Prevention in African American Women Introduction From its origin, HIV/AIDS has been defined as a sexually transmitted disease associated primarily with white homosexual men. In fact, African Americans are the racial/ethnic groups that are mostly influenced by HIV/AIDs. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, by the end of 2008, an estimated 240,627 blacks with and AIDs diagnosis has died in the United States (CDC, 2012). Contrary to the evident statistics affecting the African American population as a whole, there remains a small amount of research studies, dedicated towards HIV/AIDs healthcare promotion and prevention strategies specifically designed for the African American women. However, there are a large proportion of African American women affected by HIV/AIDs. In 2009, black women accounts for 30% of the new estimations of HIV infections among blacks. The rate for HIV infections as compared to other populations is 15 times more than white women, and three times as high for Latina women (CDC, 2012). This is confirmed by social media, primarily directed at African American males. In regards to the African American women, personal beliefs, cultural practices, and social norms act as a backdrop in determining the risk behavior of acquiring HIV/AIDs. This study serves to address the need for prevention strategies among single African American women of 18-22 years of age in college from the middle socioeconomic class. The subjects for the study...
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...As the tension of violence withholds freedom from happiness for women, constraints upon the expression and vocations of young women also affect their ability to actualize their potential quality of life. That is, the strains of gendered expectations are injurious to the mental welfare of women. In the past, the psychiatric community has unethically––and yet perhaps unconsciously––used mental diagnoses to prune women into their gender roles and punish deviation from the norm, again referencing the historically sexist conventions of psychology [Source B]. The Journal of Mental Health Counseling continues to attest that “girls who defy gender roles are more often rejected by peers and have a higher risk for experiencing significant psychological...
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...HSA 300 Prof. Date: 11/25/2013 Topic: Women’s health issues and what is being done to ensure improved health of women. Women have unique health issues. And some of the health issues that affect both men and women can affect women differently. Women in the United States can now expect to live almost eight years longer than men, but they suffer greater morbidity and poorer health outcomes. Compared to men of comparable age, women develop more acute and chronic illnesses, resulting in a greater number of short- and long long-term disabilities. For instance: • Heart disease and stroke 42% of women who have heart attack die within a year compare to only 24% of men. • Not counting some kinds of different types of cancer for example: Lung cancer (52.4/100,000), Colorectal cancer (35.4/100,00), breast cancer in the United States is the most common cancer in women, no matter your race or ethnicity (118.7/100,000) In 2010 • 206,966 women and 2,039 men in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer. • 40,996 women and 439 men in the United States died from breast cancer • The differences between men and women are equally pronounced for mental illness. For example: anxiety disorders and major depression affect two to three times as many women as men. • Clinical depression is a major mental health problem for both men and women; however, an estimated 12% of women in the women in the U.S, compared with 7% of men, will suffer from major depression in their lifetime. Eating...
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...Health problems do not affect all women and men the same way, women and men are both subjected to different risk depending on their current health situation. Focusing on ethnicity, age, health care coverage and household income; health issues can arise and affect women and men. First, we must understand that having the poorest health does make it easier but, it is a beginning towards identifying the societal, enriching and policy-related factors that influence the health of women and men. Additionally, that benefiting from targeted instructive interventions, policies, and programmatic resources can be an asset towards this disease. For this reason, research has found that women do have higher blood pressure when compared to men. There are roughly 3.3 million women age 18 and older in New York City: 42 percent are between 25 and 44 years old, 44 percent have a household income less than $25,000, and 28 percent do not have a high school degree. As a reflection, the diversity is not on one culture alone, however there is Hispanic, Black or Asians all a part of the comparison under women and they too come with different lifestyles (The Endocrine Society, 2013). Lifestyle modifications Women are less likely to have their blood pressure controlled than men with lifestyle interventions alone, maybe because women are not as much successful in losing weight. Weight decrease is of great importance for blood pressure management in women, that’s why there is elevated popularity...
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...com/locate/apnr Psychosocial variables and self-rated health in young adult obese women Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN a,⁎, Laurie Theeke, PhD, FNP-BC a, 1, Stacey Culp, PhD a, 2, Karen Clark, MD b, 3, Susan Pinto, MSN, RN a, 4 a b WVU School of Nursing, PO Box 9600, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9600 School of Medicine, Student Health Services, PO Box 9247, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9247 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 10 October 2013 Revised 4 November 2013 Accepted 4 November 2013 Keywords: Obesity Self-rated health Stress Loneliness Self-esteem a b s t r a c t Aim: The aim of this study is to describe relationships among self-rated health, stress, sleep quality, loneliness, and self-esteem, in obese young adult women. Background: Obesity has steadily increased among young adults and is a major predictor of self-rated health. Methods: A sample of 68 obese (BMI 30 or higher, mean 35), young (18–34 years, mean 22) adult women were recruited from a health center. Survey data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and bivariate procedures to assess relationships and group differences. Results: Scores reflected stress, loneliness, poor sleep quality, and poor self-esteem. There were positive correlations among stress, loneliness, and sleep quality and, a high inverse correlation between loneliness and self-esteem. Those who ranked their health as poor differed on stress, loneliness, and self-esteem...
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...Series Alma-Ata: Rebirth and Revision 7 Integrating health interventions for women, newborn babies, and children: a framework for action Björn Ekman, Indra Pathmanathan, Jerker Liljestrand Lancet 2008; 372: 990–1000 See Editorial page 863 This is the seventh in a Series of eight papers about Alma-Ata: rebirth and revision Lund University, Lund Sweden (B Ekman PhD); Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (I Pathmanathan PhD); Ystad, Sweden (J Liljestrand PhD) Correspondence to: Dr Jerker Liljestrand, Götgången 12 27144 YSTAD, Sweden jerker@ystad.nu For women and children, especially those who are poor and disadvantaged, to benefit from primary health care, they need to access and use cost-effective interventions for maternal, newborn, and child health. The challenge facing weak health systems is how to deliver such packages. Experiences from countries such as Iran, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and China, and from projects in countries like Tanzania and India, show that outcomes in maternal, newborn, and child health can be improved through integrated packages of cost-effective health-care interventions that are implemented incrementally in accordance with the capacity of health systems. Such packages should include community-based interventions that act in combination with social protection and intersectoral action in education, infrastructure, and poverty reduction. Interventions need to be planned and implemented at the district level, which requires strengthening of district planning and management...
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...A STUDY OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE ON MALARIA PREVENTION AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES DURING PREGNANCY Ritah Francis Mutagonda, B. Pharm. Master of Science by Research in Pharmacology and Therapeutics Thesis Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences October 2012 i A STUDY OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE ON MALARIA PREVENTION AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES DURING PREGNANCY By Ritah Francis Mutagonda, B. Pharm. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Research in Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences October 2012 ii CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that they have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences a thesis entitled “A study of pregnant women and health workers knowledge on malaria prevention and treatment guidelines during pregnancy” in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Professor Appolinary A.R. Kamuhabwa Supervisor Date: …………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Professor Siriel Massawe Co – supervisor Date: ………………………………………… iii DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Ritah Francis Mutagonda, hereby solemnly declared that...
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...Nurse Education Today 33 (2013) 1337–1341 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nurse Education Today journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/nedt Organisational culture and learning: A case study Elaine Bell ⁎ Women and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o s u m m a r y Objectives: To explore the impact organisational cultures have on the learning experience of student nurses and identify the influencing factors. Methods: A case study approach was used. The single case being a Defence School of Health Care Studies (DSHCS) and the multiple units of analysis: student nurses, the lecturers and Student Standing Orders. An in depth three dimensional picture was achieved using multiple data collection methods: interview, survey, observation and document analysis. Findings: The findings suggest that the DSHCS is perceived to be a sub-culture within a dominant civilian learning culture. Generally, the students and staff believed that the DSHCS is an excellent learning environment and that the defence students overall are high achievers. The common themes that appeared from the data were image, ethos, environment, discipline, support, welfare and a civilian versus military way of thinking. Conclusion: The learning experience of defence student nurses is very positive and enhanced by the positive learning culture of the civilian Higher Educational Institution. The factors influencing a positive learning experience that...
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