...Women's Health/Reproductive Health KristaLace Clifford HCS 455 February 16, 2012 John Papazafiropoulos Women's Health/Reproductive Health Women are large consumers of health care services and products. Women have reproductive health needs have longer life spans, and greater health care needs than men. Women use many reproductive services such as contraception, infertility, abortion, testing for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy and child birth. In the United States child birth is the leading cause of hospitalization. Federal and state programs are required to cover many of the reproductive services. This is the important for women because women comprise the majority of participants in publicly funded health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare. Women are important stakeholders in public policy debates about the proposed health care reform. Women are also normally of lower social statuses than men because women generally earn a lower income than men (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). According to the American Journal of American Health 73.8% of women have received at least one reproductive health service annually, this shows how much influence women have on policy changes in this area. Women received these services in several different settings. Some women prefer a private clinic while other women choose a public ran clinic. Women might choose their clinic because of the services that are offered...
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...Women’s Health issues are greatly involved and affected by the health and portability act passed by congress in 2010. It is good that this act began a restructuring of the healthcare system in the United States, as we have many, many areas that need to be looked at and changed in order to bring about financial solvency and better health coverage to the people of this nation and without taking a first step, we will never learn how to walk. Although this first step may very well land us on our knees, I do not, now, after studying some of the aspects I have, believe we will fall on our faces. In dealing with women’s health, a little history is always nice. Women are historically known to be the caretakers of the family, often at the delay or lack of care of themselves. They will make sure their children, spouses (if they have them) parents and even friends and neighbors are cared for before they seek care for themselves. If asked, over 30-35% will say they postpone seeing a Doctor or a Dentist due to cost (kaiseredu.org). Although a few changes are being seen as of 2010-2011, like extending health care coverage for dependant children up to age 26, whether they live in the home or not and whether they are married or not (not to their spouses or children, however), and no lifetime limits, no pre-existing condition exclusion for children, just to name a few, the most of the changes come by 2014. These are very important to women, as they will begin...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(10), 11-15, October (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. Women Health in India: An Analysis Sunilkumar M Kamalapur1 and Somanath Reddy2 1 Women’s Studies, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA 2 Social Work, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 29th August 2013, revised 21st September 2013, accepted 5th October 2013 Abstract If health is defined ‘as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it follows that existence is a necessary condition for aspiring for health. The girl child in India is increasingly under threat. In recent decades, there has been an alarming decrease in the child sex ratio (0-4 years) in the country. Access to technological advances of ultra sonography and India’s relatively liberal laws on abortion have been misused to eliminate female foetuses. From 958 girls to every 1000 boys in 1991, the ratio has declined to 934 girls to 1000 boys in 2001. In some states in western and north western India, there are less than 900 girls to 1000 boys. The sex ratio is at its worst in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat, where severe practices of seclusion and deprivation prevail. Often in contiguous areas in these states, the ratio dips distressingly below 800 girls to every 1000...
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...This paper will explore the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped...
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...Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Concerns Gender equality is a global concern in the community, women, in particular, have been vulnerable to abuse by their male counterparts. Gender equality cannot be achieved until each woman has control over their sexual and reproductive health decisions, this includes the risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This decision is important to determine the spacing of children and also avoidance of early pregnancies, for achievement of equality, comprehensive interventions should be implemented at an early stage such as schools and in the community setting. Educating the girl child is an important tool for empowering them to better their control over sexual and reproductive health decisions among the adolescents, (Parsons 1). The control over sexual and reproductive health issues is an important element in achieving gender equality. Women need to decide whether, when and with whom to have sex, they can make the decision on childbearing and have an opportunity to ask their partners to use a condom. Today there are millions of unintended pregnancies each year, this is an indication that women and girls are unable to make decisions for their reproductive health decisions. Statistics shows that early initiation of sex predisposes girls to a higher risk of HIV, STIs, and early pregnancies. Statistics shows that pregnancy-related cause is the largest contributor of mortality among girls of ages 15 to 19 years with close to 70...
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...JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HEALTH Volume 21, Number 11, 2012 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3546 Obstetric-Gynecology Resident Education Regarding Barrier and Over-the-Counter Contraceptives: A National Study 1 Amie Y. Miklavcic, M.D., M.M.S., and Christine R. Isaacs, M.D.2 Abstract Background: The study was conducted to assess obstetrics-gynecology resident knowledge about barrier and over-the-counter (OTC) contraceptives and identify strengths and weaknesses in resident education. Methods: We developed a survey for distribution among 50 randomly selected U.S. obstetrics-gynecology residency programs. Results: Of 202 respondents, only 57% and 36% of residents reported adequate knowledge to counsel patients regarding latex vs. nonlatex condom use, respectively. Ninety-six percent knew spermicides were nonprotective against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, there was limited knowledge about delivery options. Only 17% had ever fit or prescribed a diaphragm, and 30% reported knowledge in performing a fitting. Greater than 80% of residents stated they received no formal didactics addressing the use of condoms, spermicides, or diaphragms. Limited experience regarding Cycle Beads and natural family planning was expressed. Conclusions: Obstetrics-gynecology residents receive little formal training about barrier and OTC contraceptive options and seek more education because of their awareness of inadequate knowledge. Introduction he Accreditation Council...
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...HSA 300 Prof. Date: 11/25/2013 Topic: Women’s health issues and what is being done to ensure improved health of women. Women have unique health issues. And some of the health issues that affect both men and women can affect women differently. Women in the United States can now expect to live almost eight years longer than men, but they suffer greater morbidity and poorer health outcomes. Compared to men of comparable age, women develop more acute and chronic illnesses, resulting in a greater number of short- and long long-term disabilities. For instance: • Heart disease and stroke 42% of women who have heart attack die within a year compare to only 24% of men. • Not counting some kinds of different types of cancer for example: Lung cancer (52.4/100,000), Colorectal cancer (35.4/100,00), breast cancer in the United States is the most common cancer in women, no matter your race or ethnicity (118.7/100,000) In 2010 • 206,966 women and 2,039 men in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer. • 40,996 women and 439 men in the United States died from breast cancer • The differences between men and women are equally pronounced for mental illness. For example: anxiety disorders and major depression affect two to three times as many women as men. • Clinical depression is a major mental health problem for both men and women; however, an estimated 12% of women in the women in the U.S, compared with 7% of men, will suffer from major depression in their lifetime. Eating...
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...com/locate/apnr Psychosocial variables and self-rated health in young adult obese women Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN a,⁎, Laurie Theeke, PhD, FNP-BC a, 1, Stacey Culp, PhD a, 2, Karen Clark, MD b, 3, Susan Pinto, MSN, RN a, 4 a b WVU School of Nursing, PO Box 9600, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9600 School of Medicine, Student Health Services, PO Box 9247, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9247 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 10 October 2013 Revised 4 November 2013 Accepted 4 November 2013 Keywords: Obesity Self-rated health Stress Loneliness Self-esteem a b s t r a c t Aim: The aim of this study is to describe relationships among self-rated health, stress, sleep quality, loneliness, and self-esteem, in obese young adult women. Background: Obesity has steadily increased among young adults and is a major predictor of self-rated health. Methods: A sample of 68 obese (BMI 30 or higher, mean 35), young (18–34 years, mean 22) adult women were recruited from a health center. Survey data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and bivariate procedures to assess relationships and group differences. Results: Scores reflected stress, loneliness, poor sleep quality, and poor self-esteem. There were positive correlations among stress, loneliness, and sleep quality and, a high inverse correlation between loneliness and self-esteem. Those who ranked their health as poor differed on stress, loneliness, and self-esteem...
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...Sexualization of Girls and Women in the United States: A Growing Epidemic Kayla Johnson Chamberlain College of Nursing Sexualization of Girls and Women in the United States: A Growing Epidemic Brittany, a freshman in High School arrives at her home after school and turns on the T.V to watch MTV music videos. She watches the T.V. as half naked girls dance in the background of male singers. She picks up her phone to get on Instagram where she scrolls through images of famous women like Rhianna and Kim Kardashian who post scantily clad images of their bodies. Brittany thinks to herself, “I wish that I looked like these girls, maybe if I looked more like them the boys at school would like me more”. Brittany’s mother gets home from work and puts dinner on the dining room table. Brittany sits down and eats only a portion of her meal because in the back of her mind she is still feeling as though her own body is inadequate, she could probably lose more weight and if only she had bigger boobs and longer legs, maybe then she would feel better about herself. She lies in bed that night and wishes that she had a better body so that she could feel beautiful and happy. If only she knew that thousands of other girls were feeling the same way, maybe she would realize that the issue isn’t her own body- the issue is the cultural emphasis on female sexualization that has become a norm in our society. Unfortunately girls all over the world are struggling with self-confidence related to...
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...Chal Crawford English 101/820 09 November, 2010 Assignment: Persuasion Paper Medias affect on Body Image Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women and their body parts sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women? The roots are economic, by presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. Take Kristen of River Edge, New Jersey, just like most girls at the age of 15 “she started to develop curves; she was disappointed that breasts did not follow” (Sweeney). Girls rose in a culture of celebrity obsession and makeover TV shows believe that a “shapely bust line” and a thin body will let them have it all. Women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to invest in beauty products, new clothes, diet aids, and plastic surgery. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth 40 to 100 billion a year selling temporary weight loss, 90 to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight (BBC). American Society for Aesthetic Plastic surgery shows that the number of operations performed on 18 or younger have more than tripled over a 10 year period from 59,890 in 1997 to 205,119 in 2007...
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...mainly present in a special fashion or women magazine, or on a hoarding. When we first see this picture, it looks simple. However, at the same time, when we look deeper, all details appear, such as the use of the gold color which represents the environment of the company (the luxury). This is one of the aspects that attract the reader’s attention. Moreover, the woman is watching straight up. The idea of lightness also appears when we see the woman moving slowly in the liquid (or). The only text on the picture is the name of the brand, name of the product and the slogan. The name of the brand, DIOR, is written in big letters and is on top of the advertisement. Under the picture, it’s possible to see the complete name of the brand, and the name of the city where Dior is founded, in other words, Paris. We also can underlign the fact that “J’adore” is written with letters which are dancing, like this it is even more attractive for the customers. The text “Le féminin absolu” may expresses that this product is dedicated for women. People who are using this perfume are feminine, delicate, pure, and light. All these adjectives communicate a positive connotation. The slogan “Dior J’adore”, also written in white, has a positive connotation. It refers to the happiness and the serenity. Moreover, we can say that the name of this product, J’adore, refers to love, loving the brand, loving yourself… The link between the slogan and the picture: Women love all what is chic, luxurious...
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...Cameron: My problem with Jenner’s rhetoric is that that is assumers that in order to be a true woman, you have to adopt a type of “femininity” deeply imbedded within your culture. Women are more sensitive, more compassionate listeners; they take meticulous care of their bodies and want to look sexy; they play hard to get. This kind of language only reproduces the assumptions about gender and sexual agency; it is purely discursive. The third link is opened, it is a picture of a pink baby bodysuit with “Daddy’s Little Princess” written on it. Next to it is a blue body suit with “Superhero” written across the chest area. Rubin: Ah, gender roles for babies. Freud mentioned it years ago; males and females are turned into “boys” and “girls” by embedding sexual roles and rules onto children. “Penis envy” is not a jealousy of the organ itself but rather the superiority, rights and privileges that come with it. Cameron: Also, be aware of the language used here. As always, girls are pretty princesses and boys...
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...Photo Shop Brandi Conroy Mercy College of Health Sciences Photo Shop Modern day society wants the perfect girl on the cover of their magazines. When publishers are coming up empty handed with these “perfect women”, they are turning to technology. Photoshop is a tool that editors are using on models to make them look more appealing. This may include thinning, enhancing, removing, and highlighting different parts of the model’s image. Images of beautiful women being altered and cropped to perfection is what young girls are seeing as a reality. Teenage girls are primarily influenced most by these beauties, when they are most insecure and watching the media for the latest trends. These images are edited to an unrealistic perfection, and are causing young girls to believe that is what a woman should look like. As a young woman who grew up with images like these as inspiration for beauty, I know what it is like to compare body images. It is a harsh reality knowing just how much editing goes into making the people we know as celebrities even more perfect and desirable. Photo shop is giving a false perception on what is actually considered beautiful in today’s society. No woman can say they have never looked at an edited picture and felt less of themselves immediately afterward. Using before and after pictures is a perfect way to show exactly how much editing is made to a photo. The editing done can be as simple as erasing acne to dramatically changing the models hair...
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...Series Alma-Ata: Rebirth and Revision 7 Integrating health interventions for women, newborn babies, and children: a framework for action Björn Ekman, Indra Pathmanathan, Jerker Liljestrand Lancet 2008; 372: 990–1000 See Editorial page 863 This is the seventh in a Series of eight papers about Alma-Ata: rebirth and revision Lund University, Lund Sweden (B Ekman PhD); Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (I Pathmanathan PhD); Ystad, Sweden (J Liljestrand PhD) Correspondence to: Dr Jerker Liljestrand, Götgången 12 27144 YSTAD, Sweden jerker@ystad.nu For women and children, especially those who are poor and disadvantaged, to benefit from primary health care, they need to access and use cost-effective interventions for maternal, newborn, and child health. The challenge facing weak health systems is how to deliver such packages. Experiences from countries such as Iran, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and China, and from projects in countries like Tanzania and India, show that outcomes in maternal, newborn, and child health can be improved through integrated packages of cost-effective health-care interventions that are implemented incrementally in accordance with the capacity of health systems. Such packages should include community-based interventions that act in combination with social protection and intersectoral action in education, infrastructure, and poverty reduction. Interventions need to be planned and implemented at the district level, which requires strengthening of district planning and management...
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...Kristen Ngan is the name. The type of girl who is very adventurous, creative, “kikay”, loves collecting girly things, fashion and colors! I can say that every object in my plate, symbolizes me or my personality. The “Pink Shoe” and the “Pearl Bracelet” represents Fashion. I've always had a 'Passion For Fashion’. Ever since I was a little girl, I have been reading fashion and beauty magazines. I was always wondering how women could bring out the best in themselves. In fashion, my biggest inspirations are definitely Audrey Hepburn, Marilyn Monroe and Gabrielle Chanel. They show the difference between a woman and a lady. In my free time I like to read fashion magazines, fashion and beauty blogs. I love to surf the internet to look up all sorts of fashion online shops. Not just to see what’s new, but to get inspired as well. Being involved into “fashion” is really a big thing for me. Because in that way i help myself increase my self-esteem. My interest in fashion started at a young age. I enjoyed spending my days alone playing with my Barbies. I repurposed their clothes with a stapler and tape and gave them haircuts to match their look. The “Green Ribbon” represents how girly I am. The “Red Nail Polish”. When I became a teenager, like I said, I love colors! and so I’ve been very addicted to nail polish. Its just I’m so plain, without them. And I really take good care of my nails. Also, believed in the saying “Nails Are Like Jewels, Don't Use Them Like Tools”. The “MAC...
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