...Viewers do not simply witness these products of history, but engage in personal experiences and responses provoked by them. Thus, art has served as a powerful engine both reflecting and fueling political, social, and religious ideologies.[2] In particular, the subject of women has accumulated controversial discussion in the visual arts because of consistencies witnessed across all these constructs. In exploring female representations in art, feminist scholars have particularly noted the perpetual limitations set upon women not only as subjects but as spectators. While artistic movements progressed over the centuries, it appears the connotations of women have remained stagnant. Even in the early 20th century which saw a turn in traditional gender roles, painting continued to be dominated by the male experience demonstrated in the guises of the nude, despite aesthetic and conceptual differences. Such control gave women little privilege to explore their own experience, resulting in a struggle of identity. After the mid 19th century, paintings of the nude increasingly replaced men with female subjects, although women contented to be absent from major art academies. Unlike their respectable counterparts, images of women actually reinforced ideologies of the power relationship...
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...and how their art work help then towards the goal of women have equal rights as to men. This will also include the ethnic minorities and how their influence affected the art works. There will be a Section of this paper that will take about the influence of art and how it affected the culture of 20th century. Then this paper will so contain information about how the culture of 20th century influences the arts of the 20th century. Feminist Art Movement Well the Feminist Art Movement started in 1969 because there was a group of women artists in revolution (WAR). This group decided to split off from the Art Workers’ Coalition (AWC) the reason the split from the AWC because it was Male-dominated. This group would not help the women artists. Then in 1971 the women artists had started to strike out of the Corcoran Biennial in Washington D.C. because they had excluded the women artists. The women artists started to protest against gallery owners because they would not show off their work here. Judy Chicago is the first woman that acted on and to help the Feminist Art movement. Her role was the most prominent and the earliest activists in the movement because she had established the feminist art program for women to paint freely without having the rejections from the outside world. The place of the program at is called Cal State Fresno, Judy Chicago also Created a woman house that is an Art institute that teaches women to make art. The name of this place is California Institute...
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...In the early 1900’s reformers where willing to fight for what they believed in. It was many different reformers that had a big role in influencing and changing America’s politics and governments since the early 20th century also known as the progressive era. These things helped shape our great nation and what it has grown to be. Some of those reform groups where the muckrakers, women’s rights, and flappers. In the beginning of the 20th century women were basically seen as less than men as they weren’t involved in anything political as in voting, being one of them ones to hold office, and they were looked down upon as second class citizens. However, women were willing to protest and fight for equal rights in the early nineteen hundred’s since blacks had the right to vote due to the 15th Amendment in 1870, they also felt they should have a say in who is elected into office. As time developed during the early 20th century, a group of ladies known as flappers showed that they were willing to rebel against what modern America wanted them...
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...What right does one man have over another, let me rephrase the question, what right does one person have over another? This is the question that women have been asking for over the last one hundred years or longer. America was a very different place 100 years ago, from the way that people interacted with each other to the rights and perception that some individuals had on other persons place in society. In the early 20th century women were to be seen and not heard, they were unable to vote, work, or even own land in many parts of the country. Many of the different movements for women came from the abolitionism, the early fight for social justice. For social movements, human rights are simultaneously a system of law, a set of values, and a vision of good governance. Each of these dimensions of human rights offers resources for grassroots social movements, but in quite different ways. (Merry, Levitt, Rosen, & Yoon, 2010) Understanding that rights for everyone is ethically and morally right was even hard for some of the most prominent men of history. It was a very hard tradition to break to give women the same rights and privileges as men, especially when leading political and cultural figures had pressing opinions. Despite the rise in women’s importance on the economic, social, and political scene, many men still did not see them as strong, productive, or politically active members of society. A leading politician of these two decades, Theodore Roosevelt, on more than one occasion...
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...far reaching effects on the socity at large. Some areas of reforms were consumer protection and womens rights. From the 1890s to the 1920s these two reforms were a big impact on socity. With both groups striking, protesting and civil acts, they were able to make safer working conditions and end sufferage. From 1920 and earlier food, drinks and medicines were far from safe for consumption. Meat packiging factories did not care what went into the meat. In Upton Sinclares book The Jungle , the book depicts working class poverty, the absence of social programs, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and a hopelessness among many workers. Many readers were concerned with his exposure of health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper. The book helped bring along two acts that would help in consumer protection. The Fedral Meat Inspection Act and The Pure Food and Drug Act.The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) is a United States Congress Act that works to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was consumer protection laws enacted by the Federal Government in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Its main purpose was to ban foreign...
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...The 20th century experienced many different appearance changes throughout the century. The century began with modesty and ended with a more risqué society. This change in morals changed the way humans presented ourselves in the last century. Women’s fashion, makeup, and hair changed throughout the century based on various factors. In the 1900’s to the 1920’s, women’s clothing changed. For the first time, women’s skirts came above the ankle (Fashion Forward). Less fabric was used than in previous centuries. Dresses gradually showed less of a woman’s bust and began to become a straight line (Fashion Forward). Trail, busts, corsets, and hoop skirts were removed from fashion and each year skirts became shorter (Fashion Forward). Women began to experiment with bold prints and colors as time went on (Fashion Forward). Makeup was not worn during this time. Hair was often worn in hats or in styles like Gibson’s Girl and buns (Adventures of the Reluctant Housewife: Popular Hairstyles of the 20th Century)....
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...movement that seeks to enhance the quality of women’s lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on male dominance and subsequent female subordination. The means of change in the work place, politically, and domestically. Women have come a long way since the 19th century. Women have been trying to prove to the male dominant world that they are equal. They can perform and complete any tasks equal, or in some cases better than man. Feminism has changed the definition of men in many ways. Women in the work place have transposed dramatically since the 19th and mid 20th century. Even if women had any education in the 19th century they were not allow to manifest any of it. It just was not proper for women to give any signs of intelligence and a brain of their own. They were to prepare themselves to become wives and mothers, which were the extent of their entire lives. In the early and mid 20th century some women were starting to be brave and take a stand for themselves. The beginnings of feminism were starting to take its massive role in society. More and more women were getting educated and looking for employment opportunities that had power. Men no longer can be in control of everything. Men in the work place started to feel impotent. But women fed off each other and gave each other strength. They were not looking for just the secretarial jobs; they were taking some men’s jobs and being good at it. They were becoming police officers, fireman, managers and business owners...
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...In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several problems plagued America. Citizens were unhappy with low pay and long hours, a lack of safety in the workplace and the misuse of young children in the factory setting. Living conditions in cities were also very unpleasant, due to overpopulation by immigration and a serious lack sanitation of city streets. Reformers of the Progressive Era effectively addressed and resolved these issues. One area of reform in the late 19th century and early 20th century was in the workplace. Laborers were paid extremely low wages, were constantly at risk for injury or death, and worked in inadequate conditions. An example of workers being at risk is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. Due to locked doors and several infringements in fire safety, 146 workers–most of them young women–were either killed by the fire or jumped to their deaths from 8th and 9th story windows. As far as wages go, owners of factories could pay workers as little as they wanted to, since there was no minimum wage set. Owners could also...
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...horse carriages to cars, and airplanes. Style has also changed, moving from formal and elaborate clothing to more casual and diverse fashion trends. These changes have made life easier and more convenient. Transportation has undergone remarkable changes since the 1800s. In the early 1800s, people primarily relied on horse carriages and walking for short distances, while long journeys were made by stagecoaches or ships powered by sails. The introduction of the steam engine revolutionized transportation, with steam powered trains and ships significantly reducing travel time and increasing efficiency. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the advent of automobiles and the Wrights brothers first successful airplane flight, marking the beginning of modern transportation today. We have advanced cars, electric...
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...Political Movements in the 20th Century HUM/300 Political Movements in the 20th Century During the 20th century several major political events took place that changed the worldwide view of civilization and shook up the collective consciousness. World War I and II showed the dark side of technology when used to hurt humanity. Civil movements surged around the world as a result of minorities trying to regain their identity, which various governments throughout the world restricted. The authors will examine major political events that had a notable effect on the 20th century, including, the influences of World War I and II, the surge of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gender Equality Movement. The author’s examination will consider the works of artists and how his or her creative expression reflected the mood of the era. Political Events: World War I and II World War I (WWI) started in 1914, and lasted through 1918. The political event that triggered this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war tactics employed in World War I changed the methods and strategies in future conflicts bringing more devastation. Some of the new strategies included trench warfare, chemical warfare, and upgraded technology; it introduced chemical weapons including chlorine and phosgene, which produced devastating damages. The exposure to high levels of these gases resulted in temporary blindness, difficulty...
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...1. Electrification: The wide dispersion of electrical power in the 20th century carried light to the world and power to nearly every pursuit and enterprise in the modern social club. Look at its impact on everyday life lighting, heating and air conditioning, refrigeration, computers, transportation, communications, medical technologies; food production the list is interminable. 2. Automobile. In 1900 The, average person traveled about 1200 knots in an entire lifetime, generally on foot, and generally within his or her personal village or township. In one phase or another, the automobile has become the major transport of people and goods in the cosmos, and the industry has become a major source of economic development and constancy. 3. Airplane....
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...sculpture of human figure such as a King or Pharaoh relates to that time period, or period style, just as a piece of clothing relates to and era or time period. The design of clothing varies from each of these time periods. The “casual” clothing designed in the Middle Ages 800-1200 of the Romanesque Period was of long loose garments. Just as in a vertical line on a painting they stood tall in these long gowns and extended their dress by wearing tall head dresses. The colors they would wear seem to be of a dark, dull nature being mostly of blues, greens, and browns. Both men and women dressed in garments that were almost identical to each other (Hansen 1956). The cloaks and loose garments are seemed to lack the visual element of color. With color giving us much pleasure you are not as drawn to this design. The common women of this time period rarely had jewelry to decorate their cloaks. The wealthy women and men would have their cloaks pinned up with broaches and possible some gold trim on the long tunic. The Renaissance Period...
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...Abstract There are various declarations, conventions, treaties, and judgments of legislation dating back to the early eighteen hundreds established to justify a war or hold individuals accountable for cruel and inhumane treatment during a time of war, but not always adhered to by countries. The United Nations established international laws such as the Nuremberg Principles and the Genocide Convention to hold individual responsible for crimes against humanity. Countries have engaged in war crimes for thousands of years in violation of the established laws and customs of war. Torture, rape, massacres, genocide, and atrocities documented over centuries continue today. This paper will discuss some of the heinous crimes committed during War World II Holocaust and the Hutu massacre of the Tutsis. War Crimes the Executioners and the Victims of Genocide Military powers around the world inflict some of the most atrocious crimes against humanity, and in each case, there are executioners and victims of these crimes that never get fair justice. “ The German concentration camps of World War II, the horrors of the Vietnam War, the prolific rape and brutality during the break- up of the former Yugoslavia and the Hutu massacres of the Tutsis in Rwanda,” ("20th Century," n.d., p. 5) are just a few named conflicts that displayed devastating atrocities. The executioners in the World War II Holocaust and the Hutu Massacres in Rwanda caused terrible massacre to the human race more...
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...A Taste of Change Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World examined many idea’s in the search to create a perfect society. Although some of the problems from Huxley’s time still exist today, some of them found their way out of society for the better. Huxley questions the role of women in society, stereotypes, and racism. One of Huxley’s major issues was the role of women in society. When the 20th century started women were not thought of to be performing the jobs they do now. Out of the 1,933,014 employed women in the early 1900s, 1,740,800 were “domestic servants” (Trueman). Women were not given the opportunities men were given. They were “barred” from being able to vote in presidential campaigns (Lee). The “priority” of a woman in the...
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...Modernism During the 20th century a communications revolution that introduced motion pictures, radio, and television brought the world into view—and eventually into the living room. The new forms of communication competed with books as sources of amusement and enlightenment. New forms of communication and new modes of transportation made American society increasingly mobile and familiar with many more regions of the country. Literary voices from even the remotest corners could reach a national audience. At the same time, American writers—particularly writers of fiction—began to influence world literature. The 20th century saw the emergence of modernism. Modernism responded to the world’s complexity by asserting that the individual had the potential to achieve a broader perspective than that offered by any one society or its history. Although realism, naturalism, and regionalism were still viable modes of expression, they reflected the increasingly complex reality of 20th-century society. Immigration and industrialization led to increasing urbanization, and, in turn, to class stratification. Theme: Some writers examined the sometimes complex psychology of America’s elite, other writers turned to the psychological and physical reality of the laboring classes, whose ranks continued to swell with high rates of immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Several American authors who are sometimes known as social realists looked at working conditions, often for the...
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