...As I begin to write this paper I realize that some people might be wondering “Aren’t there already women going to combat in Iraq and Afghanistan?” Well, the answer to that question was one of the driving forces behind wanting to write a paper on the subject. The short answer is “Yes”. The long answer is no, there have been no women who have gone to combat in a direct Combat Military Occupational Specialty in the history of the American Soldier. “Well how can the answer be both yes and no at the same time”? The answer comes in the forms of rules and regulations that once prohibited women from even training to take on the jobs that are considered the Combat Arms of the military. Sometimes non-military members don’t have the luxury of seeing how the military operates from the inside. The military is like a small microcosm of the world and the citizens that they protect. There is a specific job for every task, no matter how menial or prominent, that must be trained for before being allowed to officially have it as a job title. This is especially true when it comes to Combat Arms; these are jobs that will intentionally put the Soldier in the direct line of fire. The training is intense and grueling and requires a lot of very physical strength and stamina to complete the courses to become members of their ranks. Women are currently allowed to serve in Combat support roles, but the fight has been for women to be able to serve in combat positions such as Infantry, Field Artillery and...
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...Another approach to studying the oppression of Muslim women that the U.S. portrayed in the media to fuel the War on Terror is that the U.S. portrayed Islam as backwards and an uncivilized culture because of women’s oppression. Evelyn Alsultany’s analysis of news broadcast stations like CNN, NBC, and CBS after the 9/11 attacks examined that these news stations portrayed women’s veiled oppression, female genital mutilation, and honour killings as the nature of Islam’s backwardness and oppressiveness. Many media stations like CNN have viewed the invasion of Afghanistan as bringing light to the darkness of oppressed women and when they rid the towns of Taliban, women were depicted as in high heels and free women. The depiction of Muslim women as...
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...Migration in Afghanistan 1. Introduction Afghanistan is home to the largest refugee crises experienced since the inception of the UNHCR. Decades of war have led millions to flee their homes and seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran, and for those who were able, further abroad. The number of refugees spiked in 1990 at 6.2 million. They began to decrease in 1992 with the fall of the government, but began to increase again in 1996 with the rise of the Taliban. In 2002, with the fall of the Taliban and the US-led invasion, record numbers of Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan. An international reconstruction and development initiative began to aid Afghans in rebuilding their country from decades of war. Reports indicate that change is occurring in Afghanistan, but the progress is slow. The Taliban have regained strength in the second half of this decade and insurgency and instability are rising. Afghanistan continues to be challenged by underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, few employment opportunities, and widespread poverty. The slow pace of change has led Afghans to continue migrating in order to meet the needs of their families. Today refugee movements no longer characterize the primary source of Afghan migration. Migration in search of livelihoods is the primary reasons for migration and occurs through rural-urban migration in Afghanistan or circular migration patterns as Afghans cross into Pakistan and/or Iran. Afghans utilize their...
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...along their male counterparts in recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their accounts challenge the existing structure of the military as a gendered institution. Beginning with World War II, she uses feminist theory to show how women have fought for full citizenship rights, to include the right to serve in the Armed Forces, and the issues that have resulted from an incomplete and delayed integration. This book will be used to affirm issues the military has encountered due to continued gender segregation, and predict outcomes of full gender equality in the military. Fenner and DeYoung tackle opposing viewpoints on the topic of women’s expanded role...
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...Natarsha Hendricks Professor Slade LIBS 499 5 May 2014 Research Proposal for Senior Research Project Introduction This document details planning and preparation for the Senior Research Project, the capstone requirement in partial fulfillment for the bachelor’s degree in liberal studies at North Carolina A&T State University. Included are an overview of the project, the rationale for choosing this topic, the design of this project, and the methods that will be used to conduct the research. This proposal also includes resources needed to complete this project, and an annotated bibliography that will be used as the core sources for the literature review I will write for the final paper. Overview and Purpose of the Research Project The role of women in combat has changed drastically over the years. Their inclusion in the military has increased followed by their involvement. However, the women are still limited in terms of what roles they are allowed to take. The general stigma against women depicts them as homemakers and their place in combat cannot exceed certain levels such as allowing them in the front line. There are other factors that have been linked to their limitation including their capacity to handle emotions, their need for extended leave when they get pregnant and their overall performance as compared to the men. People are constantly advocating for equal rights in men and women. In a bid to achieve that, women should be encouraged to uptake military positions...
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...Bwebwennang Kelese English 201 Professor Hancock 04/07/2014 Research Paper The Sacrificial Role of Women The source says that in A Doll’s House the author is trying to describe in a particular way the position held by women of all economic classes in his society. It mentions Nora’s claim when she speaks to Torvald in Act Three that women are always ready to sacrifice their integrity for men whereas men are not. In the case of Mrs. Linde, her true love is Krogstad but she leaves him and marries a richer man because Krogstad is poor. The nanny in this play has to leave her own child to support herself by working as Nora’s children. The nanny admits she’s been fortunate to find a joy since she’s been a poor lady who’s been led astray. Nora more fortunate than the other female lady characters in the play since she has providing advantages but society dictates that Torvald be the marriage’s dominant partner. Torvald give out orders and always show he is better and more intelligent to Nora, so Nora must hide her loan because she knows that Torvvald will never accept the idea that his wife (or any other women) has saved his life. Even though she doesn’t have to work, she finds a job so she can pay off her loan since it is against the law for a woman to get a loan without her husband’s approval. Nora’s deception, Torvald attributes – and society- leave Nora helpless to Krostd’s blackmail...
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...Administrative Campus 36th STP Syndicate Research Topic: Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan Dated: 6-12-2013 SYNDICATE MEMBERS: 1. Dharmoon Bhawani (Leader) 2. Amna Rafique 3. Kamal Khan 4. Nergis Shazia Chaudhary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………………………1 2. Syndicate Members………………………………………………………………………2 3. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...3 4. Theme…………………………………………………………………………………….4 5. Preface……………………………………………………………………………………7 6. Thesis Statement…………………………………………………………………………8 7. Executive statement………………………………………………………………………9 8. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………...….11 9. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..12 10. Statement of Problems………………………………………………………………….13 11. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………14 12. Scope of Study………………………………………………………………………….14 13. Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………….15 SECTION 1: GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….17 1.2. Definition of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment…………………….17 1.3. Current state of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan……..18 1.4. Biswas’s Indicator of Women Empowerment ………………………………….19 1.5. Violence against Women………………………………………………………..19 1.6. Women Empowerment in Legislation and Judiciary…………………………...20 1.7. The Role of Rural Support Programme Network………………………………...
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...schools, and the people who live there. Religion is not usually the first thing on a mind of a person looking at a society or how that society is affected by the religion the country worships. Studies have shown that a secular nation, or a nation with a higher population of atheists than religious peoples have resulted in being a more peaceful nation. However, it has been said that a religious nation has higher rates of murder, teen pregnancy, abortion, sexual promiscuity and war. The things just listed are things that religious nations try so hard to prove are sin. If a religious nation says these things are a sin, then why do they have higher numbers of the societal ills than a nation with a higher number of Atheists? Religion may play a role in peoples’ lives, but religion should not be a part of our growing modern society. In 2009, the Global Peace Index did a study that compares our worlds countries by using six different sections concluding which countries are the most peaceful to the least peaceful. The sections of this study are: foreign war, internal conflicts, human rights, murders, prison population, and democracy. When the study came out, it was said that New Zealand was considered the most peaceful nation of our world. New Zealand is a mostly secular nation and the study shows that is why New Zealand is rated number one in the Global Peace Index’s study. While still talking about these ratings, the United States was rated eighty-third in this study (Cline 1). The...
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...schools, and the people who live there. Religion is not usually the first thing on a mind of a person looking at a society or how that society is affected by the religion the country worships. Studies have shown that a secular nation, or a nation with a higher population of atheists than religious peoples have resulted in being a more peaceful nation. However, it has been said that a religious nation has higher rates of murder, teen pregnancy, abortion, sexual promiscuity and war. The things just listed are things that religious nations try so hard to prove are sin. If a religious nation says these things are a sin, then why do they have higher numbers of the societal ills than a nation with a higher number of Atheists? Religion may play a role in peoples’ lives, but religion should not be a part of our growing modern society. In 2009, the Global Peace Index did a study that compares our worlds countries by using six different sections concluding which countries are the most peaceful to the least peaceful. The sections of this study are: foreign war, internal conflicts, human rights, murders, prison population, and democracy. When the study came out, it was said that New Zealand was considered the most peaceful nation of our world. New Zealand is a mostly secular nation and the study shows that is why New Zealand is rated number one in the Global Peace Index’s study. While still talking about these ratings, the United States was rated eighty-third in this study (Cline 1). The...
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...week of preparation and one week of report writing. Regional working group members of Save the Children Sweden - Denmark (SCSD) in the respective countries took the responsibility for identifying and contacting organisations and individuals who are working to combat CSA, particularly those providing psychosocial support to children affected by abuse. A total of 34 organisations and individuals were met. Six days were spent in each country, except in Afghanistan, where only three days were spent. The six locations were Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi. Organisations met included those working on child sexual exploitation and sexual health, and those working with communities of street children, MSM (men who have sex with men), and trafficked women and girls. Many groups could not be visited due to time limitations. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), university psychology departments, community-based organisations (CBOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and donor agencies, as well as independent research consultants and a theatre animator | | | were amongst the contacts met. Interviews were held | | | with those at management level, heads of organisations, | | | coordinators of child protection units, trainers, | | | programme officers, field workers, therapists and | | | counsellors. Wherever possible, counsellors, therapists | | | and caregivers working directly with children were | | | interviewed. | 1 | | | | | ...
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...& Costa, 1997: Terracciano & McCrae, 2006). Other psychologists such as humanistic and positive psychologists believe quite the opposite and contend that humans are essentially good with free will to make choices, change outcomes, and seek out opportunities to enhance their quality of life with the goal of self-actualizing, making personality a more fluid and less deterministic perspective with a focus on values, resiliency, and subjective well-being (Cloninger, 2013). Other researchers such as Freud, Adler, Horney, and Jung believe culture, society, and environment are profoundly important influences on personality (working in tandem with biological drives and urges) especially regarding early relationships with parents, gender roles, and structure of birth-order and its expectations (Cloninger, 2013). Still others like Dollard and Miller, Skinner, Bandura, and Staats embrace a behavioral approach to personality development based on observational learning, behavior repertoires, operant conditioning, behavior modification,...
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...Annotated Bibliography Topic: War Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Sub Topics: Chronic PTSD in Vietnam Veterans PTSD in Iraq War Veterans SOURCE 1: What is PTSD? Retrieved on 13 Nov. 2011 http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/what-is-ptsd.asp UNDERSTANDING PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after you have been through a traumatic event. A traumatic event is something horrible and scary that you see or that happens to you. During this type of event, you think that your life or others' lives are in danger. You may feel afraid or feel that you have no control over what is happening. Anyone who has gone through a life-threatening event can develop PTSD. These events can include: * Combat or military exposure * Child sexual or physical abuse * Terrorist attacks * Sexual or physical assault * Serious accidents, such as a car wreck. * Natural disasters, such as a fire, tornado, hurricane, flood, or earthquake. After the event, you may feel scared, confused, or angry. If these feelings don't go away or they get worse, you may have PTSD. These symptoms may disrupt your life, making it hard to continue with your daily activities. How does PTSD develop? All people with PTSD have lived through a traumatic event that caused them to fear for their lives, see horrible things, and feel helpless. Strong emotions caused by the event create changes in the brain that may result in PTSD...
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...cannot insulate themselves from insecurity” (Ranking The Rich, 2004). Our world contains “global cities” meaning; nations tend to be more closely related to each other than they are within their own borders. Therefore what happens globally also has an impact locally because everyone belongs to the global community and if there is an occurrence wealthy countries need to contribute because it has an impact on their own people as well. (Streger, 2010, p.83). Foreign aid should be implemented by wealthy countries to help relieve the oppressed developing countries from downturns because of agriculture changes caused by global warming which in turn causes cultivation to decrease and as a result, less trade among nations for the products. This paper will also go into the analysis of democracy as being beneficial for individuals and society as a whole. Individuals are universally correlated to each other on this planet through the air they breathe, the climate, the food and the water that they drink. (Streger, 2010, 108). According to this statement individuals are boundless, and green house gas emissions cannot be contained within national borders. Climate change is caused by joint responsibility through mutual actions; therefore, each country should be liable and respond to this problem as a global response. “Epidemiological studies conducted worldwide have shown a consistent, increased risk for cardiovascular events, including heart and stroke deaths, in relation to short-...
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...Mailing Address: c/o Dept. of Media and Communication Language Arts, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti Phone Number: 234-7037617076, 07057880804 E-mail Address: efalyn1@gmail.com I acknowledged that this manuscript has not been previously published nor been under review for publication elsewhere. Signed by me: Evelyn Tolulope Akinwale Apart from my undergraduate and postgraduate research work based on “Impact of Child Trafficking in Nigeria”, this is my first private research work prepared for a journal. PERCEPTION OF FEMALE LEADERS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN EKITI STATE ABSTRACT To scholars, women in leadership positions have been stereotyped to be unfit and inexperienced to occupy traditional leadership positions unlike their male counterparts. A fundamental challenge to women's leadership arises from the mismatch between the qualities traditionally associated with leaders and those traditionally associated with women in general. Women in leadership positions are not treated equally with men in leadership positions ( Nick, 2007;Sayu, 2012 ). However, this research reveals the perception of Ekiti state female leaders in Higher Institutions on their leadership positions. Through interviews with selected female leaders in three higher institutions of learning, questions delved into how these female leaders see themselves in the line of their duties. The study tends to feel the pulse of female leaders about the leadership positions they are occupying...
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...affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere thanks to the scores of practitioners who participated in the study and to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, UNHCR (Senior Coordinator for Refugee Children Office) and Dr. Gail Furman for their generous support and commitment...
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