...forms, such as verbal, written, or the use of signals. A person uses language to communicate feelings, emotions, thoughts, and fears to others. The use of language sounds are how society learns new and different ways of communicating with the rest of the world and various ways of thinking. Language and language development are important in producing a person’s dynamic and interactive systems. These systems reinforce a person’s instincts pertaining to nature and nurture. The development and learning processes of language helps the mind to distinguish the differences of words to the language coming from sounds. These processes help to a person understand sneezes, coughs, or other sounds coming from the mouth is not the same as sounds of language. The words of language are separated into groups, objects, events, and actions. The process of learning language begins in a person’s early years through nature, starting point, and nurture, environmental influences. A person cannot communicate or understand the meaning of an object without the use of language. The uses of signs are not valuable without the organization into various relationships of language through the translation of concepts. Every culture has different language and lexicon. The vocabulary of language is defined lexicon. Lexicon is the meaning of the sounds of speech or written symbols in different types of language. Most cultures have different languages and lexicons to communicate. Language and culture are so closely...
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...linguistic? Language and linguistic are two different words that use differently all over the world. Language is the capacity of someone to communicate with other because it is the mode of expression of thoughts by means of articulation of sounds, exchanging ideas, feelings, intentions, attitudes, expectations, perceptions or commands, as by speech gestures, writings and behaviors. Therefore, language is a meaningful exchange of information between two or more individual. On the other hand, linguistic is a comparative study of language due to the fact that wherein you make a historical study of languages here. In this field you concentrate about the structure, rules, meanings and forms of languages. 2. How important is language and linguistic? In my own opinion, the significance of language in our lives is incomparable. It is not just restrained to being a means of communicating one’s thought and ideas to the rest, but has also become a tool for forging friendships, cultural ties, as well as economic relationships. In addition, the importance of language is essential to every aspect and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language to inform, to communicate the people around us of what we feel, what we desire and question or understand. We communicate effectively with our own words, gestures and tone of voice in a multiple situations whereas communication...
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...Language Shannon Kephart PSY/360 October 13, 2014 Janel Fairchild Language “Language is structured on several levels: the phonological (sound), syntactic (ordering and structuring of words and phrases in sentences), semantic (meaning), and pragmatic (the ways in which language is actually used), to name a few. Each of these levels has a different set of rules associated with it.” (Galotti, 2014 pg. 248) Lexicon is “mental store thought to hold a cognitive processor’s knowledge of words, including their spelling, pronunciation, definition, part of speech, and so on.” (Galotti, 2014 pg. 415) Language is a manner of conversation in order to express ones emotions, concepts, or ideas. Language takes shape in many different kinds of forms from sign language, to verbal and even body language. No matter what language is being spoken there is always a list of words that is identified with a specific discussion and these particular conglomerates of words are known as a lexicon. (Galotti, 2014) A terrific illustration could be the phrase “free will” which in turn makes one thinks ‘It was done of my own free will’. This makes language and lexicon go hand in hand on account of lexical memory of words or language and this pertains to cognitive psychology due to the regularity of lexical selections in the processing of ones words in the cognitive mind. The key characteristics of language are it is regular and productive, arbitrariness, and discreteness. These are all critical...
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...to a single meaning because its events, actions, characters, settings, and objects represent specific abstractions or ideas. * Alliteration – the repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words, usually at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable. * Apostrophe – an address, wither to someone who is absent and therefore cannot hear the speaker or to something nonhuman that cannot comprehend. * Assonance – the repetition of internal vowel sounds in nearby words that do not end the same. i.e. “asleep under a tree” * Consonance – a common type of near rhyme that consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds. * Cliché – an idea or expression that has become tired and trite from overuse * Cacophony – Language that is discordant and difficult to pronounce * Caesura – a pause within a line of poetry that contributes to the rhythm of the line * Couplet – Two consecutive lines of poetry that usually rhyme and have the same meter. * Heroic Couplet – A couplet written in rhymed iambic pentameter * Euphony – refers to language that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear. * Elegy – a mournful, contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead. * Enjambment – In poetry, when one line ends without a pause and continues into the next line for its meaning. * Foot – the metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured * Spondee – a foot consisting of two stressed syllables...
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...SOUNDS OF SILENCE Hello darkness, my old friend I've come to talk with you again Because a vision softly creeping Left its seeds while I was sleeping And the vision that was planted in my brain Still remains Within the sound of silence In restless dreams I walked alone Narrow streets of cobblestone 'Neath the halo of a street lamp I turned my collar to the cold and damp When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light That split the night And touched the sound of silence And in the naked light I saw Ten thousand people, maybe more People talking without speaking People hearing without listening People writing songs that voices never share And no one dared Disturb the sound of silence "Fools", said I, "You do not know Silence like a cancer grows Hear my words that I might teach you Take my arms that I might reach you" But my words, like silent raindrops fell And echoed In the wells of silence And the people bowed and prayed To the neon god they made And the sign flashed out its warning In the words that it was forming And the sign said, "The words of the prophets are written on the subway walls And tenement halls" And whispered in the sounds of silence IMPOSSIBLE DREAM To dream the impossible dream To fight the unbeatable foe To bear the unbearable sorrow To run where the brave dare not go To write the unwritable wrong To be better far than you are To try when your arms are too weary The reach the unreachable star ...
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...another person's work without properly crediting the original author. Whereas, copyright infringement is using the work of someone else's creation without seeking out permission from all parties involved in ownership of said piece of work. Again, the notion that one "owns" or is the original creator of a series of words or a set of chords, is a bit cloudy. This brings me back to the Vanilla Ice argument. Queen and David Bowie had created a unique riff at the beginning of their song "Under Pressure". This sound is nearly identical to the beginning of the song "Ice Ice Baby". However, in Vanilla Ice's version there is slight variance of the original sound, a simple sound of cymbals clashing together. Initially Vanilla Ice had tried to argue that the added symbols made the intro of his song distinctly different. The case never went to court, as Vanilla Ice settled out before a lawsuit was drawn up. So where do we draw the line between plagiarism and copyright...
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...these skills and strategies, and the purpose of both will be explained. Different assessment options will also be discussed. Introduction Children begin learning sounds and words from the time they are born. They are even exposed to hearing their mother’s voice while still in the womb. It is important that children are exposed to letters and words at an early age as well as have books read to them. These are factors in learning how to read. Two of the most important elements that emerging readers need to know in order to successfully read are phonemic awareness and phonics. These two concepts are different, but must work as a team for one to read. In the beginning grades, teachers must concentrate greatly on both of these concepts to make sure that the students have the foundation that is needed in order to begin reading. In this paper, definitions of both phonemic awareness and phonics will be shared along with strategies that can be explicitly taught to assist in learning how to read. The sequence of developmental stages, the appropriate ages for both concepts, and the purpose for using them will also be highlighted. Last, assessments examples that can be used will complete the paper. Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness can be described as the concentration of oral speech. Letter sounds can be manipulated through speaking. Phonemic awareness is the foundation for phonics and spelling (Gail Tompkins, 2014). When...
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...century and in North America the term Mother Goose Rhymes, introduced in the mid-18th century, is still often used.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 1.1 Lullabies * 1.2 Early nursery rhymes * 1.3 19th century * 2 Meanings of nursery rhymes * 3 Nursery rhyme revisionism * 4 Nursery rhymes and education * 5 See also * 6 Notes ------------------------------------------------- History[edit] Lullabies[edit] Main article: Lullaby The oldest children's songs of which we have records are lullabies, intended to help a child sleep. Lullabies can be found in every human culture.[2] The English term lullaby is thought to come from "lu, lu" or "la la" sound made by mothers or nurses to calm children, and "by by" or "bye bye", either another lulling sound, or a term for good night.[3] Until the modern era lullabies were usually only recorded incidentally in written sources. The Roman nurses' lullaby, "Lalla, Lalla, Lalla, aut dormi, aut lacta", is recorded in a scholiumon Persius and may be the oldest to survive.[4] Many medieval English verses associated with the birth of Jesus take the form of a lullaby, including "Lullay, my liking, my dere son, my sweting" and may be versions of contemporary lullabies.[3] However, most of those used today date from the 17th century. For example, a well known lullaby such as "Rock-a-bye, baby on a tree top", cannot be found in records until the late-18th century when it was printed by John Newbery (c. 1765)...
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...THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE Research Report for WR227 Jeremy Byrd Winter Term, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 The Emergence of Language 3 The Theories of Johann Gottfried Herder 4 Pre-Language 4 Sound and Language 5 Theory of Divine Inspiration 5 Criticism of Herder's Work 6 The Gestural Theory 6 Motor Activity and Language 7 The Mirror Neuron System Theory 7 Theory of Sound Symbolism 8 Synesthesia 8 Discontinuity Theories 9 Summary 9 Works Cited 10 Introduction The origin of human language is a mystery which has baffled scholars and scientists for thousands of years. It can only be speculated how language began and evolved; the lack of direct evidence suggesting that it is perhaps a riddle that cannot be solved (Deacon 7). Yet this has not stopped many various theories from emerging over the years, speculations ranging from wild guesses to educated, scientific deductions. According to prominent linguist Eric Heinz Lenneberg, theories surrounding the origin of language are categorized into two main groups: continuity theories and discontinuity theories (Hill 134). Continuity theories hold that language was formed through a long process of evolution. Discontinuity theories are based on the belief that language is too complex to have evolved out of natural systems and is the result of a significant evolutionary jump which took place relatively abruptly. On the side of continuity theories...
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...enable readers to read more efficiently. Children have also developed sight words that enable them to read without the support of patterned or familiar text. When they encounter unfamiliar words, they are able to quickly recognise chunks of words and reason by analogy to known words. Transitional readers know a lot about decoding words, but they benefit from instruction in more complex orthographic concepts use in reading...
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...Folk Ballad: culture song Literal: usually meaning of the word Concrete: relating to or involving specific people, things, or actions rather than general ideas or qualities Abstract: elating to or involving general ideas or qualities rather than specific people, objects, or actions Figure of Speech: simile or metaphor Simile: “like”, “as”, “seems” and or “appears” Metaphor: “to be”, “is”, “are”, “was” and or “were” Metonymy: a figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another Synecdoche: a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole Image: the thought of how something looks or might look Imagery: language that causes people to imagine pictures in their mind Meter: arranged and measured rhythm in verse Foot: the basic unit of verse meter consisting of any of various fixed combinations or groups of stressed and unstressed or long and short syllables Iamb: unstressed-stressed Trochee: stressed-unstressed Anapest: unstressed-unstressed-stressed Dactyl: stressed-unstressed-unstressed Pyrrhic: unstressed-unstressed Spondee: stressed-stressed Scansion: the analysis of verse to show its meter Caesura: a pause separating phases within lines of poetry Rhyme: one of two or more words or phrases that end in the same sounds Alliteration: the use of words that begin with the same sound near one another Assonance: repeating identical or similar vowels in in nearby words (half-rhyme)...
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...1. The Similarities and Differences between English and Japanese vowel and consonantal system 2.1. Similarities and Differences in Vowel System Vowels are the sounds in the production of which none of the articulators come very close together so the passage of air-stream is relatively unobstructed and the air can get out freely. Vowels are the type of sounds that depend mainly on the variations in the position of the tongue. They are normally voiced. Both English and Japanese vowels can be classified according to three variables: * Tongue height * Part of the tongue which is raised * Degree of lip rounding. Comparing the Japanese vowel system with that of English reveals some significant differences in the following two areas: * The number of vowels * Tense/lax distinctions. Charts below indicate the English and Japanese vowel system. i: u: ɪ ʊ ə e ɜ ɔ: æ ʌ ɒ ɑ: Figure 1: English vowel Chart Figure 2: Japanese vowel Chart The number of vowels: As shown through 2 charts, in the English vowel system, there are 13 different vowels identified. Besides, English vowel system includes several diphthongs such as /a ʊ /, /a ɪ /, and /o ɪ /. On the other hand, Japanese has only 5 vowels in its vowel inventory. It is shown that the number of vowels that can be identified in English...
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...lemonade - the repetition of same sounds or kinds of sounds - the effect of alliteration most of the time is positive as used in nursery rhymes 2. Assonance: He opens his mouth, but the words won't come out - the repetition of vowel sounds - the effect of assonance is mostly positive and used many times in rap 3. Consonance: whisper words of wisdom - repetition of the same consonant - Consonances give off positive effect. In poetry consonances are used to give off a sound like rhyme or rhythm. Consonances draw the audience into the words of the piece. 4. Cacophony: candy is dandy but liquor is quicker - a series of harsh sounds - Cacophony gives off a negative effect due its harsh, rough sounding words and phrases. 5. Euphony: lonely island - a series of pleasant sounds - The effect of euphony is positive due its use of nice flowy words. The words give off a calm smooth sound. 6. Onomatopoeia: I got that boom boom pow - words that sound like their meanings - Depending on which type of word a phrase uses, onomatopoeia can give off both positive and negative effects depending on how its used. 7. Repetition: Yeah I wish I’d been a, wish I’d been a teen, teen idle - the re-use of words and phrases - The effect of repetition can be both negative and positive depending on its context. Authors usually use repetition to give certain emphasis and importance of a word or phrase. The Meanings of Words (tropes) 8. Allegory: Do What...
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...An Analysis of Course in General Linguistics “Long human words (the longer the better) were easy, unmistakable, and rarely changed their meanings . . . but short words were slippery, unpredictable, changing their meanings without any pattern.” -Robert A. Heinlein In this text, Saussure concerns himself with what he refers to language, which he defines as a system of signs that express a concept, and argues that it can be expressed by two components: langue (the abstract system of language that is internalized by a community) and parole (the individual acts of speech). Furthermore, Saussure regards parole as heterogeneous (composed of many parts) and langue as homogeneous (composed of the union of meanings and what he refers to as sound images – both being psychological in nature). Therefore, Saussure considers langue as systematic; this being the reason why Saussure chooses to focus on langue as it allows an investigative methodology that is rooted, supposedly, in pure science. In this text, Saussure endeavors to argue against a common view of language that regards language as being a natural organism which grows and evolves following a set of laws that are outside the control of human beings. Instead, Saussure wants to position language as a social phenomenon that is beyond the immediate control of the individual speaker. To clearly state his point, Saussure needs to define the following concepts. The Sign The signe (sign) is the basic unit of language that Saussure...
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...EFFECTS OF POPULAR MUSIC ON MEMORIZATION TASKS Running Head: Music and memorization Abstract This study investigated the effects that popular music has on memory performance. It was proposed that popular music would adversely affect both studying and memory recall. Forty introductory psychology students participated in the study. Subjects were given a list of fifty words to study in 6 ½ minutes, with music either being present or absent. This was termed the learning stage. In this study, four conditions were tested. In all 4 conditions, subjects were assigned to either a “music” pre-period or a “non-music” pre-period and a “music” post-period or a “non-music” post-period. After they had studied the words, subjects were given another 6 ½ minutes to recall the words either with or without music present. This period was called the recall stage. The researchers hypothesized that music would have a detrimental effect on performance, these expected results were not found. Findings from this study suggested that students who study while listening to popular music performed at the same level as those without music present in either condition. Results indicated that women excelled in recall when the testing condition did not have music present in comparison to men. Effects of popular music on memorization tasks The purpose of this study was to find whether popular music would have a positive or negative effect on memory tasks. There are many different perspectives on...
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