...The Northern Cod Moratorium of 1992 and the Tragedy of the Commons As defined by Garrett Hardin using the example of herdsmen who are all dependent on one open, common pasture, the tragedy of the commons refers to the phenomenon where there is a depletion of a shared resource, caused by individuals acting towards their own self-interests rather than thinking of the long term interests of the group (1968). This phenomenon can also relate to another theory known as the prisoner’s dilemma. First framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher, the prisoner’s dilemma is a situation in which two individuals, who have been accused of a crime, are taken in for questioning by the police (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991). Furthermore, both individuals each have two options, either to accuse the other person or not to cooperate with the police. In most cases, the individuals choose a self-serving option in order to save themselves. However, this theory does not only have to apply to prisoners but can also apply in economics in regards to firms and their competition and how cooperation between companies can often lead to a greater good (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991). These two theories occur often in day-to-day life and seem to reveal how humans are predisposed to think of themselves first before thinking about the good of others. This paper will examine the extent of these theories related to the overfishing of Northern Cod on the eastern cost of Canada and how...
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...Current Event Review – Climate Change in the North Summary of Event and Background Canadian North is the forefront of the climate change and its effect can be seen very evidently on the daily basis. Warmer temperatures have led to changes in shifting tree line, major impact on several species especially caribou population; other wildlife species foreign to this area moving further north from the south like cougar and whitetail deer. North is also facing problems with territory’s winter road network for example due to the reduced thickness of ice roads, Diavik Diamond Mine in Northern Canada were forced to fly in fuel rather than try to transporting it – costed extra $11.25 million. Melting of permafrost is another concern as it’s affecting the buildings and housing, leading to changes in building techniques. It also causes methane to release which is another greenhouse gas that adds to the mix of warming agents heating our planet. Climate change is also effecting water world as certain fish species are disappearing. Even though, it is very small contributor to CO2 emission, the territory is dependent on international and national actions to and is at mercy from outside to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to briefing document prepared for Prime Minister Trudeau, it states that average temperature has increased 1.6 degree Celsius which is almost twice as much since 1948. If we look at Canadian North, the temperature has risen by about 3 times the global average –...
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...criminal organizations that traffic in drugs, weapons, and money, and that smuggle people across the borders. It also expands the scope of current law to allow for the forfeiture of these organizations’ criminal tools and proceeds. Through this approach, we will bolster our efforts to deprive criminal enterprises, including those operating along the Southwest border, of their infrastructure and profits. Improve partnerships with border communities and law enforcement. - Expands our ability to work with our cross-border law enforcement partners. Community trust and cooperation are key to effective law enforcement. To this end, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) will establish border community liaisons along the Southern and Northern borders to improve communication and collaboration with border communities, boost funding to tribal government partners to reduce illegal activity on tribal lands, and strengthen training on civil rights and civil liberties for DHS immigration officers. Crack down on criminal networks engaging in passport and visa fraud and human smuggling. - Creates tough criminal penalties for trafficking in passports and immigration documents and schemes to defraud, including those who prey on vulnerable immigrants through notario fraud. It also strengthens penalties to combat human smuggling rings. Progress Strengthening Border Security Doubling boots on the ground. - Today,...
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...Based on my map and the researched information, I noticed that the Northern Region had much higher prices than the rest of Canada. When in comparison with the other regions, the prices in the Northern Region were more than twice as those in the other regions. I also noticed that the average prices in the Urban Heartland were the lowest at about $2.99. The order of the least average price to the most is as follows: Urban Heartland ($2.99), Atlantic ($3.56),Central ($3.73), Pacific ($4.10), Prairie ($4.10), and Northern ($8.09). I believe the reason that Northern Canada's prices are so high is because of all the additional expenses. For example, transportation, store maintenance, and the minimum wage of workers contribute to the overall cost of the food. When...
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...Section I: Opening Statement “Petroleum production and use is fundamental to our current way of life” (Environment Canada, 2011) We will be arguing in favour of British Columbia supporting the construction of the Northern Gateway Pipeline. Throughout our brief, we will provide several arguments reinforcing our position. In addition to the questions provided by the Hearing Panel, we found it extremely important and pertinent to address economic implications of the construction and functioning of the pipeline. For this reason, these elements will be discussed in Section IV of our brief. We chose to omit a couple of Questions of Analysis in favour of expanding on others that we felt were more relevant and necessary to our argument. We hold the belief that the potential benefits of the Northern Gateway Pipeline outweigh the potential costs; reasons for which will become evident in this written submission. Section II: Questions of Fact: Answered 1. Will the pipeline be running above or below ground? The vast majority of the pipeline will be buried up to a meter underground. The only exceptions will be select water crossings where it is safer to run the pipeline above the water crossing. (Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, 2013) 2. What is the lifespan of the project? The project will have a lifespan of 30 years (Enbridge Northern Gateway Project). 3. What is being transported in the pipeline? There are 2 pipelines. One is the oil pipeline and the other is the condensate...
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...for political reasons and religous, because they were treated unfairly. They were even treated unfairly in their employment even the education under there british ruler. One big reason of why small groups crossed the border into Maine is that they wanted to have a better life. They were going to do that by working in the textile Mills, and/or logging industry. Anything but the " back breaking work " in Quebec. When generations moved to the U.S, mostly...
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...Canada’s Oil Sands Resubmission Several communities in Canada have grown and become dependent on the oil industry, such as Fort McMurray [20]. Many local economies within Northern Alberta rely on the oil sands [19]. The Shell Albian Sands [37], consisting of the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, accounts for 17 percent of Canada’s oil production. The project has been extracting and processing heavy Canadian crude [18] oil for years. Transportation of the oil is heavily reliant on pipelines, especially since some of the oil extracted in Canada is sent to other countries. The Keystone XL oil pipeline [5] is a proposed pipeline that will transport natural resources from Alberta to Gulf coast refineries. The pipeline is heavily opposed by the Natural Resources Defense Council [24], mainly arguing the pipeline will have negative long term economic and environmental impacts. One of the areas the pipeline will pose a threat to is the Ogallala Aquifer [10]. The Ogallala Aquifer is a shallow water table beneath the Great Plains of the United States. It provides about 30% of the ground water used to irrigation in the United States. If the Keystone XL pipeline is built, there is the risk of an oil spill, which would contaminate the Ogallala Aquifer. Another proposed pipeline is the Northern Gateway pipeline [32], which will stretch from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia. The eastbound pipeline will transport natural gas condesate, while the westbound pipeline will transport...
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...Regional Integration for and Against Articles Advantage of the North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement has come into power as of January 1994. Causing Mexico, Canada, and the United States to come together. The objective of NAFTA is to generate improved trading environments through decreasing tariff, elimination of investment blockades, and enhancing property protection By putting together the biggest trade and industry region in the globe, to some extent exceeding the Europeans marketplace.. The operations of North American Free Trade Agreement has help Mexico's financial system in agreement to the United States' financial system, which has helped Mexico ‘sells to other countries boost tremendously as of 1993. 1994 to 1997, United States. operations with Mexico as well Canada increased 44%. this large development is credited mainly through decreasing tariffs. While tariffs were decreased, the United. States. merchandise grow to be less expensive and more competitive in Mexico as well Canada’s marketplaces, while the demands of goods increased in the United States (Dentzer, 2004). In Mexico, the removing of the barriers with tariffs, has caused investments to develop as well produced employment raising the Gross Domestic Product, and dropping prices for consumers. In Mexico. Before the North American Free Trade Agreement was create, spending was not easy. Manufacturers were required to go the Mexican Government for support...
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...Section 5- Canada and the Arctic Council The Northern Arctic covers over two fifths of Canada and houses more than 111,700 Canadians (Barry-Pheby 261). The north also covers over two thirds of Canada’s coastline, an area of roughly 3.5 million square kilometers. Canada’s foreign policy in the Arctic advances its interests in the domestic and international front. Therefore, creating a northern strategy for the Arctic has enabled the government to unlock its true potential. Canada is keen on exercising its sovereignty and the Arctic Council offers the best forum for advancing its international welfares. Canada was the first chair of the council between 1996 and 1998 (Andrea 774). As chair, Canada continuously supports much focus on the human...
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...Species Profile of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) I. Introduction -Why I choose this organism? I choose the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) because it was one of the specie that I didn’t know too much about it and encounter this specie really fascinating over all. Over the two years I have been working on Fort Belvoir I had discovered that this species is protected and by doing this presentation I had plan to discover why and what is the story behind this. In this presentation I will try to give a voice to an organism that will have experience a lot of adversities in the tenure of his life. The scientific name (Branta canadensis) which is part of the animalia Kingdom; part of the chordate Phylum, part of the aves Class; in the anseriformes Order and part of the anatidae Family. Branta canadensis has been split into B. canadensis and B. hutchinsii. The Canada goose is this animal common name and people most knowing as a goose or geese; depending on the location you live. The area of residence...
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...high demand of polar bear fur, their meat being one of the main sources of food for the native people of the north, and tourist not being careful when visiting polar bear habitats, the polar bear population in Canada has started to decline at a rate which may cause them to become endangered and then extinct in the near future. Now with polar bears being the main predators in the North Pole and the largest land predators in the world, a threat to the polar bear population is a very big deal and would have a big impact on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems up in the northern regions. Polar bears...
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...Northern Drilling Inc. Questions. Chapter 3 (External) 1. Does the industry offer attractive opportunities for growth? I believe that the industry does offer attractive opportunities for growth.Northern is a subsidiary of the worlds third largest exploration drilling contractor. In 2010 the exploration market worldwide was 10.68 billion and expected to increase. The exploration market in Canada was 1.4 Billion USD in 2010. The market is very cyclical and dependent on commodity prices yet is expected to increase over time. 2. What kinds of competitive forces are industry members facing, and how strong is each force ? Rival Sellers:The industry is highly competitive and very fragmented.Canadian industry comprised about 80 drilling contractors, including many smaller owner operators with almost no overhead costs, these owner operators drive down industry prices by operating on relatively thin gross margins. Potential New Entrants: High start up costs, not likely to be too much of a threat. Customer Bargaining Power:This is a very price sensitive industry and customers shop around for the lowest price often.Northern was struggling to be competitive in the market. Problems may be because of the price relative to some of the commodity type drillers and owner operators Competition from Substitute products/Producers: See Rival Sellers. Low switching costs for customers. Supplier Bargaining Power: Low supplier bargaining power. From the information we know there...
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...Railroads became faster, cheaper, and more comfortable, and the rapidly growing industry provided many North Americans with dreams of building the first transcontinental railway that would propel them into generations of prosperity. Two such North Americans were William Mackenzie and James J. Hill, Canadians who made it their lifelong goal to build the first transcontinental railway. Ultimately, Hill succeeded in achieving his dream while Mackenzie’s railway floundered through bankruptcy and shoddy assembly. The difference between Hill’s success and Mackenzie’s failure lay in their approaches to building railway empires. Where Hill was the single-minded perfectionist, relying only on himself in every aspect of his Great Northern Railway, Mackenzie treated his Canadian Northern Railway as one of his many hobbies, giving his attention only to facets of the railway that interested him and frequently relying on others for aid. Mackenzie and Hill’s different attitudes set them apart in their devotion to their dream, attention to detail, and varying levels of independence, and it was Hill’s superiority in all three areas that caused his eventual triumph over Mackenzie. Both Mackenzie and Hill shared a dream of building a transcontinental railroad, but whether Hill was exceptionally dedicated to his dream or Mackenzie simply wasn’t dedicated enough, it was clear that both railways were greatly influenced by the level of commitment their owners put...
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...Assignment A – Northern Rush Date: Oct 2, 2015 To: Mr. Murray James and his partners From: External Consulting Group Subject: Macro and Micro Analysis of Northern Rush Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to work with your company. As requested, we have evaluated the your business plan using PESTE and Porter’s five forces in order to give you a deeper understanding of the industry your company will be working in. We take a strategic and marketing view in this analysis and we will be following this up with a more accounting and finance focused analysis of your company. From our research, we would like to highlight the following conclusions: 1. The strategy of Northern Rush should be cost leadership. 2. There exists a substantial amount of competition in this industry. 3. Northern Rush has a unique advantage due to its marketing strategy and social benefits. The remaining of this memo will make a complete analysis of PESTE and porter’s five forces, their effect on Northern Rush, and the key factors that will lead to Northern Rush’s success. PESTE There are no significant political or environmental issues that affect Northern Rush. Economic: * The Canadian market for home furnishing has recovered more quickly than their US counterpart. * The recent reduction in oil prices has lowered delivery costs for firms. * The cost of borrowing is low if Northern Rush decides to seek external financing. * The home furnishing industry...
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...Preservation of Traditional Medicines The people of Canada have been fortunate to be able to experience a somewhat free health care system, yet there are still many problems to be addressed with this system. For example, one issue would be to understand why Indigenous people and communities have limited access to health care. This is true especially in the northern and more isolated communities. However the people of these communities have survived through thousands of years with the use of natural, traditional medicines grown on the land. The knowledge of traditional medicines shared by elders and Indigenous people of Canada has been overlooked by the health care system, Canadian government and the general population of Canada. This is the direct result of exploitation of the land that produces these traditional medicines leading to the loss of healing plants, and knowledge and culture for Indigenous peoples of Canada. It is important to protect and preserve the Canadian landscape so medicine plants can thrive, the Indigenous cultures and knowledge can live on and communities can continue to be independent without relying on a health care system that may already be failing them. Much of history that is taught in the Ontario education system starts at the dawn of colonialism and is then seen through the eyes of the colonizer. However, to understand such traditional medicines and the power that the land holds, one must go back to the beginning of creation. There are many...
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