...The Rwanda Genocide Xenophobia, the hatred or fear of certain targeted ‘outsiders,’ is one of the most destructive group phenomena in human history. Various incidents in our collective past portray how xenophobia has negatively impacted the lives of so many people. One of the most outright and horrific displays of this destructive force was seen in the German treatment of the Jewish race before and during the Second World War. These events were part of the holocaust, associated with the Nazi notions of racial superiority especially in contrast with their notion of Jewish inferiority. Racial superiority has caused much violence and many deaths for those who have been labeled by the ‘superior’ as ‘inferior.’ This violence has been spawned mostly by an extreme hatred for those viewed as different or inferior. Furthermore, such feelings of hatred have been translated into outright acts of violence against those viewed as inferior, and this at times often prompted retaliation against their oppressors, such as the case in Rwanda. With these premises, the world has been witness to various acts of violence, including the massacre of a significant number of people, all in the name of racial superiority. The concerned countries of the world have often refused to act in time to stop these events even though ample signs of trouble were apparent. Racial superiority has traditionally been an issue for various countries at one point or another in their history, but none worse than...
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...disguised, some may not even notice it right in front of their face. For some, it may be a fact that they have not experienced racism, however for others, racism has a great impact on daily life. . Due to the complexity of the human mind, I believe that it would be impossible to find one single cause of racism. This is merely an attempt to discover some contributing factors to racism and why so many people tend to accept racism either consciously or sub consciously. Finally, from an objective perspective, this research will explain how racism develops through various ideas and why. Within these pages we will explore the possible causes of racism such as ethnocentrism, or the idea that one ethnic group is more superior to another. Xenophobia, fear and dislike of people from other countries or cultures is another contributing factor to racism. National pride can be a source of unity but also an excuse to discriminate against others, by holding the belief that your nation is better than other nations. We will explore some theories related to racism such as the idea that sexual repression is to blame for violence. Also exploring the theory of energetic fields as a possible explanation for why we feel so different from others. Racism, is a product of social conditioning for some, while for others natural tendency to categorize people as being different. It is important to understand a problem before a solution can be obtained....
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...What is art? I believe that art is not only a true reflection of ones self expressions but emotions captured by inspiration. It is what the artist uses that captures your imagination. Art in it self has many form such as glass, plastic, fabric and many more of its undesirable materials not just paint. To some art is limited to only that the eye can see not noticing the in-depth of its message or meaning. Art forces people to take a closer look at social issues or events that take place in our communities that have both negative and positive effect on our society for example the xenophobia attacks . In all art in my opion is based on its form, for example George Pemba who initially worked with water colours at first them later changed to oil based paint. Art is anything that we want to call art it’s the cars that we drive, the spoon we use. Although Pemba was highly influenced by politics his theme was realistic documenting the way of black people in townships and in rural Eastern Cape. One of his paintings (Inkanyamba 1978 oil on board) where he made use of energetic brushstrokes enhancing the idea of movement. In all art has evolved as a form in the past centuries, arts history is known for extreme artist who are well known but died poor having nothing for example Picasso and Van Goth. With out looking at internationally recognized artist, South Africa has its own amazing art history that helped black artist and add a voice to the many voiceless actions of the...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix D |Term |Definition | |Ethnic group | An ethnic group is a group of people who all share the same characteristics, religion, or race. | |Anti-Semitism | Anti-Semitism is discrimination against or hatred of Jews. | |Islamophobia | Islamophobia is the fear of, prejudice against, or hatred of Islam or Muslims. | |Xenophobia | Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of anyone who is from a strange place, race, or anything foreign.| |Persecution | Persecution is the act of harassment, punishment, or to drive away people based on their religion,| | |race, or beliefs. | |Religious group | Religious groups are a group or set of people with the same religious beliefs, practices, and | | |rituals. | Religious and ethnic/racial group o Buddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) o Pacific Islander (Polynesian descent) Buddhism is different from the other religions in a lot of different ways. Buddhism is based on the life and...
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...Period Before 1848 as: ‘The Time when Nothing Happened’? Bismarck described the era before 1848 as ‘the time when nothing happened’ and to a certain degree it is true, however, a number of key events did occur that had long lasting effects on Germany that would come to hinder, advance and affect the pace and direction of unification. Friedrich I established Prussia as a kingdom, independent of its previous association as a Polish fief, Prussia expanded its borders massively into neighbouring states. Under Friedrich I Prussia emerged as one of the strongest military and economic powers in Europe proper. The strong economy and growing military reputation lay foundations for a strong, proud and militaristic culture. As a relatively new state it could learn from the mistakes of others and as a large state it could bully and manipulate its neighbours, but it was still a subordinate of Austria in the Holy Roman Empire and nowhere near powerful enough to contend Austria’s seat of dominance. The influence that Prussia gained allowed for a stronger Prussia later, the knowledge that Prussia was vastly superior to its neighbours aided in giving Prussians a sense of self-confidence that allowed them to make the exertive steps towards unifying Germany after 1815. From the 9th century until 1806, the Holy Roman Empire dominated the German states, a common language and a notably similar culture had developed and bound the member states together as the ‘Germanic states’ of central Europe. Prior...
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...Unfortunately, the Jews went through plenty of hardships and tough times in the past, specifically during the Holocaust organized the Nazi Germans, which changed the course of history. The racism, xenophobia, and hatred emitted by the Nazis led to the execution of the biggest genocide ever to occur. However, one wonders if the Jews were always discriminated and belittled before the rise of Nazism in 1933. What exactly triggered the increase of antisemitism, causing the majority of the nation to turn against the Jewish people, and how did this affect local Jews living in Germany. Two people, Henry Buxbaum and Esther, have written autobiographies describing life in Germany pre-Holocaust, with Buxbaum reacting boldly to the antisemitism lurking, and Esther reacting in a passive, pacifist manner. Henry Buxbaum lived in Friedberg, Germany in the early 1900s, where antisemitic views were commonly shared but not yet prevalent. He described how after Germany’s defeat in World War I, the presence of antisemitism spread around more, stating how “the air of Germany was permeated by it” , thus leading to violent act of antisemitism to occur (Buxbaum).The incident on the train...
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...Living with prejudice - xenophobia and race CINDY WARNER and GILLIAN FINCHILESCU report on a study conducted with a group of refugees in Cape Town through which they explore the ways in which refugees experience xenophobia, and how they explain it The contemporary anxiety about the perceived flood of illegal immigrants is well documented. A 1997 survey conducted by the Southern African Migration Project found that South Africans showed the highest level of opposition to immigration in any country where comparable questions have been asked (Mattes, 1999). The hostility towards foreigners living in South Africa has translated into extreme acts of xenophobic violence. In 2000 and 2001, Amnesty International’s annual online reports on South Africa singled out attacks and ill treatment of asylumseekers and suspected illegal immigrants as a major source of concern. The 2001 report also recounts reports of abuses of undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers. These included unlawfully prolonged detentions, poor conditions and beatings of detainees by guards at Lindela Repatriation Centre, assaults by police officers involved in the arrest of suspected illegal immigrants, and arbitrary and verbally abusive conduct towards asylum-seekers by Department of Home Affairs officials (Amnesty International, 2001). Xenophobia is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as ‘fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners or of what is strange or foreign’ (Mish, 1997). The literal meaning of the word suggests...
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...Despite writing and facilitating what is arguably one of the most relevant 21st century texts on the history of capitalism, Joyce Appleby retains some flaws: namely, her infatuation with contradiction. This love affair with discrepancy presents itself throughout the text, most notably perhaps in her discussion of labor activists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this case, her contradictions payed off, the extent of labor activist’s success was just that, contradictory at times, depending on place, the people fighting for it, historical precedent, and the ultimate good it would do for those in charge (whether that be in government, or business). Along with other countries in Europe, Great Britain saw a substantial uptick in...
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...Starting with the Ku Klux Klan, often referred to The KKK, on December 24, 1865. Of course there were more before that but the KKK was the major beginning of all the problems. More than half of the Klans today formed only three years ago. As of June 17, forty-two different Klan groups were active in 22 states. Neo-Nazi groups share a hatred for Jews and a love for Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany. While they also hate other minorities, gays, lesbians, and even sometimes Christians, they perceive "the Jew" as their cardinal enemy. "Racism is evil, and those who cause violence in its name are criminals and thugs, including the KKK, neo-Nazis, white supremacists and other hate groups that are repugnant to everything we hold dear as Americans," Trump said on August 14 in Charlottesville,...
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...your name your teacher your class your date Titile In what do we owe each other by James Wendland the author discusses the issue on xenophobia around the continent. The topic was extremely thought provoking as it caused me to consider my own family members lives and my future had my family been unable to migrate from Haiti to the unites States, many years ago. Philosophers such as Emanuel Levinas confronted the issue and Wendland often refers to his findings in this article. In Levinas extensive body of work he has educated us on how dangerous nationalism is. As Americans it is our nature to welcome people, it is the value in which we stand on. Setting people apart based on differences that should be accepted hardly seems constitutional. Levinas traces the roots of Nationalism and points out how hostile these types of classifications can make people. Hospitality according to Levinas, involves curtailing our enjoyment of the world, being a host to others often feels good because the art of welcoming and sharing with others is what makes us human. Levinas shows that being hospitable will allow us to identify with others more easily. It is the mark of humanity and what out community stands on. Now, in Germany and else where, doors are closing. The consequences to this are the possibly suffering of those in need. Few philosphers will confront this issue in the way Levinas has. Levinas traces the roots of nationalism to the distinction of we draw between “same” and “other”...
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...One hundred years ago, Canada began a mission destined to change the course of the nation forever. Britain’s declaration of war on Imperial Germany, August 4th, 1914, forced Canada into the Great War. The allied war effort intended on carrying out a swift victory over the barbaric ‘Huns’, completing duty before the Canadians could cross the pond. Unfortunately, the campaign emerged into an unprecedented, grueling struggle lasting five years. In all, the conflict claimed the lives of 60,000 Canadian soldiers and wounded 150,000. The loss of life was historic and horrifying. However, through pain and sacrifice, Canada’s contribution and success amongst the brutality and misery defined a new identity for a strong and proud nation. The Great War...
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...Prohibition of alcohol, also known as the “Noble Experiment” occurred in the United States between 1920 and 1933. Prohibition/ the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture and distribution (but not consumption) of alcohol. Prohibition divided the nation in two. “Dry” versus “Wets”. Dry’s were those who supported prohibition, and “Wets” opposed the law. There were a couple of factors behind prohibition being approved. Firstly, World War I played a major role. With the United States fighting against Germany, tension against Germans began to spread. Rising xenophobia aided the passing of prohibition because the majority of liquor manufactures were German, so banning alcohol would negatively affect Germans. The Anti-Saloon, Women’s Rights and religion also played a major role in passing the 18th Amendment; as well as the NAACP, WCTU, the KKK, and the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). (Prohibition, 2009)...
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...This fact led to self interest in countries proving that they were the top leaders (Kershaw, 2000. Germany and some parts of Europe preached and advocated for Nationalism and Fascism with the party building its empire on extreme nationalism. Fascism kept on promising people the restoration of their economy and this was one of the factors that popularized Hitler, Mussolini and many others as nationalists with the mind of their countries looking forward to see great improvement in their economy. As per Miron (2011)Fascism as a type of government maintained very tight control measures over all the government institutions as well as citizens. It comes as a result of nationalism, ethnic and racial purity over all other things. Rising of fascism and Adolf Hitler in Germany is rooted in the after effects of World War I. Germany was the main blame in this war, with victorious allies imposing very tough penalties on Germany. These included making Germany pay for their wartime expenses as well as its own. These crippled Germany’s...
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...Lenin walks around the world. Frontiers cannot bar him. Neither barracks nor barricades impede. Nor does barbed wire scar him. Lenin walks around the world. Black, brown, and white receive him. Language is no barrier. The strangest tongues believe him. Lenin walks around the world. The sun sets like a scar. Between the darkness and the dawn. There rises a red star. – Langston Hughes In the early 1900’s there were very few political parties focused on the plight of African Americans and their quest for civil rights. Communism had inherent within its philosophy the idea that all men and women are equal and focused on an economic model that purported to promote that equality. Karl Marx believed that capitalism thrived on exploitation and he had very concrete notions on slavery. He stated: Direct slavery is just as much the pivot of bourgeois industry as machinery, credits, etc. Without slavery you have no cotton; without cotton you have no modern industry. It is slavery that has given the colonies their value; it is the colonies that have created world trade, and it is world trade that is the pre-condition of large-scale industry. Thus slavery is an economic category of the greatest importance (Marx, 1975). Without slavery Marx believed that it would have been impossible for America to thrive. They needed that free labor to be able to build a profitable industry and forge the nation. Thus the enslavement of an entire race of people was necessary for a capitalist country...
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...position of the entire article: solely focusing on factors that point to the Germans. More in depth, the author Michael Lind is involved in adopting worldly perspectives and developing his opinions from a variety of historical references. When reviewing the entirety of the website, the information may be skewed when analyzing German faults. The limitations of the source include few resources of other perspectives and perhaps faulty assumptions. However, Michael Lind references the book Germany’s Aims in the First World War (1961) by Fritz Fischer as an influential source for his opinions, which validates the credibility of his information. Fischer concluded that “ Imperial Germany had deliberately provoked a general war as part of a policy of conquest much like that undertaken by Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany 20 years later.” The next article, sponsored by BBC News, presented ten different perspectives of “who was to blame” for the start of World War I. All credible sources have backgrounds linked to the study of World War I events. The credentials of these professors define the years of knowledge that each individual obtains. According to the article, the majority of the historians had agreed that the Germans were at fault for the start of World War I, but others had recognized different situations that had the possibility of being more impactful. For example, Serbian nationalism and expansionism was another disruptive force that had encouraged the outbreak of World War I. Austria-Hungary...
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