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湘潭大学商学院学年论文

题目:小米科技的差异化与成本领先战略

院 (系): 商学院 专 业: 工商管理 学 号: 2012131028 姓 名: 王 新 指导教师: 文 艺

完成日期: 2014年4月17日

小米科技的差异化与成本领先战略

摘要: 1980年初,迈克尔.波特(M.E.Porter)教授通过对美国、欧洲与日本制造业的实践提出了自己的竞争战略理论学说,他在其著作《竞争战略》一书中指出,赢得竞争优势的三种最一般的基本战略:总成本领先战略、差异化战略、目标集聚战略。在波特看来,差异化战略和成本领先战略二者是不能同时并存的,但随着科技的发展,尤其是电商行业的飞速崛起,让差异化与低成本的结合成为可能,小米科技公司正是国产手机行业的一匹黑马,在短短两年即积累了大量的小米用户群。本文将重点研究小米科技是如何利用差异化战略和成本领先战略来实现对用户的精准营销。

关键词: 小米 差异化战略 成本领先战略

一、关于小米 小米公司正式成立于2010年4月,是一家专注于智能手机自主研发的移动互联网公司,定位于高性能发烧手机,小米手机、MIUI、米聊是小米公司旗下三大核心业务。该公司目前已推出小米手机3代,同时还推出了小米耳机、小米移动电源、小米路由器、小米盒子、小米电视等多款衍生产品,建设自己的移动生态圈。 小米手机始终坚持“为发烧而生的”的设计理念,主打低价高配的高性价比产品,每一代手机都采用最新旗舰型高端配件,却以最低廉的价格发布,通过精准的饥饿营销,吸引了大量用户群,在大量的米粉的狂热追捧下,小米发布的每一代产品都获得了巨大的成功。不仅如此,由于饥饿营销造成的黄牛哄抬物价,手机厂商之间的价格战,期货时间差带来的成本降低,小米依旧获取了高额利润,极大提升了自己的知名度,如今的小米早已摇身一变,成为了中国第四大互联网公司,手机业的一匹黑马。

二、小米科技的差异化战略 差异化战略(differentiation/differentiation strategy)又称别具一格战略、差别化战略,是将公司提供的产品或服务差异化,形成一些在全产业范围中具有独特性的东西。 2011年至2012年,随着安卓智能手机和3G技术的逐渐成熟,中国手机市场呈现一片繁荣景象。其中,诺基亚、三星、和htc等行业巨头依旧保持着较高份额,中兴、华为、联想为代表的国产手机厂商也利用原本的品牌和规模优势夺取了大量阵地,留下一批国产小厂争夺这一小份快速增长的大蛋糕。同样没有任何知名度的一个国产品牌小米也选择在2011年底发布了他的第一款产品——小米一代。当然,在国内外大厂的挤压下,夹缝求生存已经
不再容易,小米并没有与之正面交锋,看小米是如何利用差异化竞争获取优势的。
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1. 小米手机定位的差异化 小米手机定位于发烧级高端性能、中端价位的一款高性价比产品,并且深度定制以安卓为基础的MIUI系统,简便易用,主销目标为年轻一族。与其他手机厂商低价低配、高价高配的观念相比,这样的定位充分考虑了其潜在用户的消费水平和追求高性价比高性能的心理,以“发烧”之名,赢取“发烧”米粉一族。如下图所示,2011年中国手机市场关注比例最高的为1000-3000段位,而3000元以上高端产品线早已被三星、苹果、htc等大牌厂商抢占,1000以下千元机市场一直都是国产中华酷联和诺基亚的阵地,1000-3000元产品线却意外地出现了断层,小米死死抓住这个漏洞,发布了1999的高配小米一代手机,立刻获取了较高的关注度。

2. 小米营销的差异化 1. 文化营销 小米手机始终坚持着“为发烧而生”的理念,这样的企业文化能够得到大部分机友的赞同,催生了众多狂热的米粉支持,结果就是小米没有花一毛钱的广告费,而这种心灵上的共鸣简直成为了最好的广告。 2. 微博营销 与文化营销相比,微博营销同样是一个即省钱又好办事的方式。小米目前已经和新浪微博开展深度合作,小米利用新浪广泛的线上资源宣传自己的新产品,听取米粉们的建议,如今小米手机官方微博早已有八百多万的粉丝数量,新浪微博俨然已成为米粉的主阵地。与此同时,新浪也是搭上小米的顺风车,携手步入电商大军。

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