Foundation Studies, UTAR CHAPTER 2 Chemical Bonding Chapter Scopes Bond energies, bond lengths & bond polarities Drawing Lewis structure and calculate the formal charge Forms of Chemical Bonds 1) Intramolecular bond – forces hold the atoms _______ a molecule • Ionic / Electrovalent Bond • Covalent Bond • Metallic Bond 2) Intermolecular bond – forces ________ the molecules • Hydrogen bonding • Van der Waals 3) Co-ordinate / Dative Bond FHSC1114 Physical Chemistry Chapter
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outer electrons and the position of an element in the periodic table Topic 2 Ionic compounds and analysis ● Demonstrate an understanding that atoms of different elements can combine to form compounds by the formation of new chemical bonds ● Describe how ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons to produce cations and anions ● Describe an ion as an atom or group of atoms
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Sub-series Editor: Hugh Wagner Dept of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Psychology Forthcoming titles Cognitive Psychology Physiological Psychology Organic Chemistry Second Edition G. L. Patrick Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Paisley University, Paisley, Scotland This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. "To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www
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capable of forming chemical bonds. What is the significance of the valance shell of electrons? 7. Why do atoms seek to form bonds with other atoms? How does this correlate with their stability? 8. Understand the nature of ions and ionic bonds. Why is sodium able to ionize, whereas carbon cannot? 9. Why are sodium atoms usually found as positive ions? Why does chlorine ionize to become a negatively charged chloride ion? 10. Understand the nature of covalent bonds. How does the formation
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charge, (c) plays no part in the atom’s chemical reactions, (d) is found only in the nucleus. 4. Isotopes of an element differ from each other in the number of (a) protons in the nucleus, (b) neutrons in the nucleus, (c) electrons in the outer shells, (d) a, b, and c are all correct. 5. The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom’s outer energy level determines the atom’s (a) atomic weight, (b) atomic number, (c) molecular weight, (d) chemical properties. 6. All organic compounds
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116. Free radicals (see Problem 115) are also important in many environmentally significant reactions. For example, photochemical smog, which forms as a result of the action of sunlight on air pollutants, is formed in part by the following two steps. The product of this reaction, ozone, is a pollutant in the lower atmosphere. Ozone is an eye and lung irritant and also accelerates the weathering of rubber products. Write Lewis structures for each of the reactants and products in the preceding
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1. Give an everyday example that illustrates the difference between acceleration and velocity. Give an example of uniform and accelerated motion. An everyday example of the difference between acceleration and uniform motion would be for acceleration driving a car down a long straight road, the speedometer is not moving, the needle is on 40 mph, your moving at a constant speed, but the needle isn’t stationary on the speedometer scale because maybe your foot is either on the gas or brake and your
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html) 2. Element A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element 3. Compound A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more differentchemical elements[1][2][3] that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.[4] Chemical compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure; they consist
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paper, leaving the residue on the impermeable substance/filtrating medium and the filtrate to pass through. | Dissolved solids in liquids Evaporation | If the liquid in the mixture is more volatile (boiling point is lower) than the soluble solid, the soluble solid will remain while the liquid evaporates. The procedure employs the use of an evaporating dish and a Bunsen burner. | Crystallisation | Another method of dissolved solids from a liquid mixture (solution)The impure salt is dissolved
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After performing and collecting data from the James Bond Lab, we were able to determine that substances 1 and 7 are ionic bonds, 9 and 12 are polar covalent, 13 is metallic, and 16 is nonpolar covalent. First we came to the conclusion that #1 and #7 have characteristics of ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are conductive and soluble in water, and they also have high melting points. Ionic bonds are polar, and so are water molecules, which makes them interact. This is because polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
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