hands before handling food, can transfer the poison. While cooking, it can be transferred by using the same cutting board or cooking utensils for raw and cooked meats. Not washing your hands while handling different types of food can transfer the bacteria as well. Contamination can come from animal or human feces during processing or harvesting. The soil in which some crops grow can be contaminated as well. Milk that hasn’t been pasteurized can contain salmonella. There are news reports all the
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wastewater so that excessive oxygen consumption won't become a problem when it is released to the environment. (Maier et al, 2009) Another goal of biological treatment is nitrification/denitrification. Nitrification is an aerobic process in which bacteria e.g Nitrosomonas sp, Nitrobacter sp oxidize reduced forms of nitrogen. Denitrification is an anaerobic process by which oxidized forms of nitrogen are reduced to gaseous forms, which can then escape into the atmosphere. This is important because
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Genetic Engineering - Genetic Engineering is the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA of cells to change hereditary traits or produce biological products. It is a manipulation of genes that allows scientists to put genes from one organism into another organism. Plants - You may not realize it, but plants are a big part of Genetic Engineering. Farmers use many techniques to insert genes from different organism around the world to help increase crop yield and to boost up proteins inside
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NUCLEUS The nucleus is the double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome. The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains the cell’s hereditary information {DNA} MITOCHONDRIA Mitochondria surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through metabolism. It contains its own DNA, and is believed
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INTRODUCTION Infection remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in man, particularly in developing areas where it is associated with poverty and overcrowding.In the developed world increasing prosperity, universal immunization and antibiotics have reduced the prevalence of infectious disease. However, antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms and diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease ,avian influenza and severe acute respiratory
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habitation and adaptation, as different types of bacteria adapt to different types of environments in different forms of life. However, bacteria are grouped according to their uniqueness, features, structure, functions, and contribution to human life. Prokaryotes are so beneficial to us because they act as defences to protect us from various diseases. The essay will examine the significant impact of prokaryotes to human life. The word bacteria may be frightening to most of us; in many cases it
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Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections A Nosocomial Infection is a very distinct infection that occurs in hospital environments. The work nosocomial literally means – of or relating to a hospital. Also known as hospital-acquired infections (or HAI) these occur in unsanitary or unclean hospital environments and can be contracted by hospital staff, hospital patients and visitors. Infections can be generally described as bacterial or fungal. Nosocomial infections will often cause urinary
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Food Safety and Information Bulletin “Food borne illness is a major health issue facing Americans. There are between 6.5 million and 81 million cases of food borne illness and as many 9,100 related deaths occur annually. Illnesses from pathogenic bacteria appear to be increasing each year.” (MSUcares.com, 2009) When purchasing foods one must be aware of expiration dates, damaged packaging, proper storage temperatures and freshness of the product. Issues of such nature can cause food to become contaminated
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Beta galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme and it is also known as beta gal. It causes the hydrolysis of the polysaccharides that is it uses the water to break down the sugar molecules in to simpler and smaller compounds such as simple sugars. It acts on different substrates to break it down as it is a catabolic enzyme. The important substrates are lactose, lactoslyceramides, gangliosides and many other glycoproteins but lactose is an important substrate and sometimes this enzyme has been recognized
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toxic waste effluents. Even though policies and environmental efforts should continue to be directed towards applying pressure to industry to reduce toxic waste production, biotechnology presents opportunities to detoxify industrial effluents. Bacteria can be altered to produce certain enzymes that metabolize industrial waste components that are toxic to other life, and also new pathways can be designed for the biodegradation of various wastes. Since waste management itself is a well-established
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