Reform and Opening in China: “Sequencing” or “Parallel Partial Changing” FAN Gang National Economic Research Institute China Reform Foundation Beijing, China November, 1999 Content I. Introduction: Lessons of Asia Financial Crisis for Reform and Opening Benefits from Globalization Constrains to the developing countries The “unequal footing” A common cause of Asian crises: “incompatible opening” The Lessons
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At the end of 1994 Mexico was hit by one of the worst economic crisis in its history, which is called "The Peso crisis" or "Tequila Crisis" and is considered one of the first ones that had global effects. After only three weeks in charge, the newly elected President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León was forced to lift the upper band of the exchange rate by 15%, devaluating de facto the Mexican currency. In fact, the Central Bank of Mexico had insufficient international reserves to keep the fixed exchange
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INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS THEMES AND ISSUES MMN222154-13- AB THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA BY AZUMONYE M. CHUKWUEMEKE S1344407 INTRODUCTION Over the years, the debate on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a factor that induces economic growth has received the attention of policy makers, researchers and international organizations (Tumala et al, 2011). There is no denying that most countries strive to attract foreign direct investment
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Position of Kazakhstan in International Trade and Business Student’s name Institutional affiliation Analysis of macroeconomic situation in Kazakhstan 1 Macroeconomic trends Kazakhstan is one of the richest economies in Asia. It is also the second largest of the former Soviet Republics after Russia. The economy has enormous fossil fuel reserves and plentiful supplies of minerals (Francis, 2011). There are different metals available in the economy including uranium, zinc,
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also capital-output ratio will be more appropriate financed with multilateral loan, domestic savings, Treasury bill, official development assistant, foreign direct investment and development stock. It is recommended that maintenance of credible macroeconomic policies that is pro-investment; and debt-equity swap option are necessary for a agricultural-led economic growth. Keywords: Agricultural financing, Economic growth, investment productivity Introduction And Statement Of Problem In Nigeria, agriculture
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RMB as a Regional International Currency: Costbenefit Analysis and Roadmap Jing LI 1 Abstract With the rise of China, following the enhanced economic and trade relationship between China and Asian economies, and China’s increasing importance in the world economy, China’s national currency, the renminbi (RMB) will be getting global from Asia. As regional internationalization of RMB is doubleedged, in order to eliminate the financial risks brought by this
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Health expenditure in India C. P. Chandrasekhar Jayati Ghosh There are perceptions that government spending on health in India, which is low by international standards, has been further undermined during the period of economic liberalisation since the early 1990s. In the first of a two-article Macroscan on this subject, C. P. Chandrasekhar and Jayati Ghosh examine the relative significance of public and private expenditure on health and the trends in Central Government expenditure. The next
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Introduction The Hungarian economic crisis can be ascribed to changes in economic situation in particularly fiscal and monetary policies of the country, although the effect of the global financial crisis in 2008 cannot be taken too lightly. Hungary’s desire to become a member of the European Union required the country to embark upon “austerity measures” which further dampened its economic situation. Adoption of the shift to the right ideologies further deteriorate the Hungarian economic situation
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budget year gives a speech on the fiscal well being of the Nation. This budget is published by the by the Office of Management and Budget. This speech outlines the economic situation, the progress that the country has made during the year 2011and the issues facing as we look forward and. The budget also includes other important documents such “Rescuing the Economy,” “Reviving Job Creation and Laying a New Foundation for Economic Growth,” and “Restoring Responsibility.” This summary discusses some of
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JEL classification: F31 F36 F41 O24 Keywords: Impossible trinity International reserves Financial liberalization Financial crisis Exchange rate regime This paper investigates the potential impacts of the degree of divergence in open macroeconomic policies in the context of the trilemma hypothesis. Using an index that measures the relative policy divergence among the three trilemma policy choices, namely monetary independence, exchange rate stability, and financial openness, we find that
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