NOTES IN INFANT CARE AND FEEDING STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT * Infancy – birth until age 1 * Toddler stage – from 1 to 3 * Preschool stage – from 3 to 6 * School age – from 6 to 12 * Adolescents – from 12 to 19 THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT # PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ( ERIK ERIKSON) THEORY | AGE | TASK | TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST | 0-1 | The child develops trust as the primary caregiver meets his needs | AUTONOMY VERSUS SHAME AND DOUBT | 1-3 | The child learns to control his body
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QUESTION 1 (B) - Students who go to class half an hour later than the prescribed start time for eight classes in a semester lost every desirable privileges (breaks during class, no football games, graduation dinner etc.). After the rule was implemented, there seemed to be a marked improvement in student attendance in class. How does operant conditioning explain the students’ behavior? Introduction Operant conditioning was thoroughly studied by Burrhus Frederick Skinner (B.F. Skinner), which
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MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized, perpetuated and its manifestations
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Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student
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There are three different perspectives that could explain why a person has a disorder or does a certain behavior. Those three dissimilar perspectives are called Psychodynamic, Evolutionary, and Behavioral perspectives. What are psychodynamic, evolutionary, and behavioral perspectives? They each have their own meanings and definitions. Psychodynamic perspective means viewing personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences, then Evolutionary perspective is the
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What is Personality? -Pattern of psychological characteristics (traits) that differentiate us from others and lead us to act consistently across situations -Know the defense mechanisms be able to identify which defense mechanism the person is using -If a person is having a problem, be able to identify which stage that person developed that fixation. Personality consists of traits • Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behavior across many situations Example: extroversion
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Lifespan perspectives ***** ******** Psy/375 June 25, 2012 ***** ******* Lifespan perspectives Although humans seem very different from one another, each human develops partly like everyone else, yet partly like no one else. Most of the time human’s attention is focused on one another’s unique qualities instead of realizing how similar humans really are. In fact, as humans, almost everyone has traveled some similar path. People such as, President Barack Obama, Joan of Arc, and Marilyn
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THE SNEAKY WORLD OF ADVERTISING: PREYING ON OUR YOUTH The Sneaky World of Advertising: Preying on our Youth Liberty University Abstract Advertisers spend billions of dollars annually to promote their products. They are constantly researching the best stratagies to make their marketing dollars as effective as possible. The latest strategies advertisers have begun to use include targeting children in various ways. The biggest group they are currently targeting are the grade school age kids
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Theories of Personality Arica Dekeyser Fanshawe College December 13, 2012 There are many different theories of personality by many different theorists. Although, they state the same idea, there is one theorist that I think has some crazy theories. For instance, Sigmund Freud stated how he feels that there are five stages of development, Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. I do not agree with his theory on the anal stage because
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Adler Case Study 7 Martin felt embarrassed by his ethnic background and his parent’s lack of education. His father had trouble finding work because of discriminatory practices and they did not want to hire him because they distrusted members of his ethnic group. Moreover, because of this their children went to bed hungry. They lack of material things and their physical needs were not even met. In short, Martin was not born rich. At some point, Martin felt that he is alone that neither of his parents
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