...1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky, Magnus Dahlquist, Gene Fama, Paul Gompers, Ravi Jagannathan, Tim Opler, Todd Pulvino, Nathalie Rossiensky, Rick Ruback, David Smith, Rene Stulz, and seminar particiH pants at the Harvard Business School/Journal of Financial Economics Conference on the interplay between theoretical, empirical, and "eld research in "nance...
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...received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small "rms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of "rms use "rm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about "nancial #exibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings ଝ We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cli! Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan, and Fuqua MBA students for help in gathering the data, and Kathy Benton, Steve Fink, Anne Higgs, Ken Rona, and Ge Zhang for computer assistance. The paper has bene"ted from comments made by an anonymous referee, the editor (Bill Schwert), as well as Michael Bradley, Alon Brav, Susan Chaplinsky, Magnus Dahlquist, Gene Fama, Paul Gompers, Ravi Jagannathan, Tim Opler, Todd Pulvino, Nathalie Rossiensky, Rick Ruback, David Smith, Rene Stulz, and seminar particiH pants at the Harvard Business School/Journal of Financial Economics Conference on the interplay between theoretical, empirical, and "eld research in...
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...risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about financial flexibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings per share dilution and recent stock price appreciation when issuing equity. We find some support for the pecking-order and trade-off capital structure hypotheses but little evidence that executives are concerned about asset substitution, asymmetric information, transactions costs, free cash flows, or personal taxes. JEL classification: G31, G32, G12 Key words: Capital structure; Cost of capital; Cost of equity; Capital budgeting; Discount rates; Project valuation; Survey *Corresponding author, Tel: 919 660 7768, Fax: 919 660 7971 E-mail address: cam.harvey@duke.edu We thank Franklin Allen for his detailed comments on the survey instrument and the overall project. We appreciate the input of Chris Allen, J.B. Heaton, Craig Lewis, Cliff Smith, Jeremy Stein, Robert Taggart, and Sheridan Titman on the survey questions and design. We received expert survey advice from Lisa Abendroth, John Lynch, and Greg Stewart. We thank Carol Bass, Frank Ryan,...
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...Diabetes patients overview in India *source: http://mdrf-eprints.in/90/1/Epidemiology_of_type_2.pdf Top Companies in the Anti-Diabetics Segment value viz.(Rs.) RANK COMPANY MAT 02/2012 VALUE (Cr.) 3,703 492 304 224 183 MKT SHARE% 100 17.9 11.1 8.2 6.7 VALUE GROWTH% 23.2 18 22 24 15 Anti-Diabetic 1. 2. 3. 4. ABBOTT USV SANOFI-AVENTIS SUN 5. ELI LILLY 114 4.2 11 Top Selling Brands in the Anti-Diabetics Segment value viz. (Rs.) RANK BRAND COMPANY THERAPEUTIC CLASS Insulin MAT 02/2012 VALUE(Cr.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HUMAN MIXTARD 30/70 LANTUS GLYCOMET-GP NOVOMIX 30 GALVUS MET ABBOTT S.A. USV ABBOTT NOVARTIS 226 105 101 96 72 Insulin Glimep.+met. Insulin Vildagliptin+met. Top performing brands of IPM in antidiabetics category (Unit Viz.) RANK BRAND COMPANY THERAPEUTIC CLASS Glimep.+met. MAT 02/2012 units (Lac.) 460 1. GLYNASE-MF USV USV 2. 3. 4. 5. GLYCOMET DAONIL GLYCIPHAGE GLUCORED Glimep.+met Glibenclamide Metformine Glibenclamide+met. 408 311 281 268 S.A. F-I SUN Top performing combinations in oral antidiabetics category (Value Viz.in Rs.Cr.) RANK DRUGS & COMBINATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. GLIM.+MET. DPP4 INHI. & COMB. PIOGLI.+MET.+GLIM. GLIMEPRIDE METFORMIN MAT02/2008 157.62 0.00 80.04 135.89 102.25 MATMATMATMAT02/2009 02/2010 02/2011 02/2012 217.80 15.40 115.61 153.87 122.42 307.46 103.23 167.95 176.78 149.63 417.66 210.31 232.90 203.39 177.54 567.43 373.58 324.22 226.03 211...
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...Distance Education Vol. 26, No. 1, May 2005, pp. 29–48 Student Barriers to Online Learning: A factor analytic study Lin Y. Muilenburga* and Zane L. Bergeb aUniversity of South Alabama, USA; bUniversity of Maryland, USA University Francis LinMuilenburg 000000May 2005 Ltd 1 26 Open 2005 and Distance Original Education 0158-7919 (print)/1475-0198 Distance Article 10.1080/01587910500081269(online) CDIE108109.sgm Alabama2460 Wildflower LaneHuntingtonMD 20639USALin@muilenburgs.com Taylor and of SouthLearning Association of Australia, Inc. This article reports on a large-scale (n = 1,056), exploratory factor analysis study that determined the underlying constructs that comprise student barriers to online learning. The eight factors found were (a) administrative issues, (b) social interaction, (c) academic skills, (d) technical skills, (e) learner motivation, (f) time and support for studies, (g) cost and access to the Internet, and (h) technical problems. Independent variables that significantly affected student ratings of these barrier factors included: gender, age, ethnicity, type of learning institution, self-rating of online learning skills, effectiveness of learning online, online learning enjoyment, prejudicial treatment in traditional classes, and the number of online courses completed. Introduction As the popularity of the Internet grows, so does the potential for online learning. A great deal of evidence exists showing that no significant differences should be expected...
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...STUDY HABITS OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS AT TINAJEROS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: A BASIS FOR INTERVENTION PROGRAM ________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Applied Research City of Malabon University City of Malabon ________________________ In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Educational Management ________________________ By CHERYL B. CISTER 2016 RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION This thesis entitled “STUDY HABITS OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS AT TINAJEROS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: A BASIS FOR INTERVENTION PROGRAM” prepared and submitted by CHERYL B. CISTER in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, has been examined and is hereby recommended for Oral Examination. LUCILA B. BONDOC, Ed. D. Adviser APPROVAL SHEET Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master in Educational Management by the Oral Examination Committee. MARCELINA A. STO. TOMAS, Ed. D. Chairman GLORIA O. GOMEZ, Ed. D. LOURDES B. CABAÑERO, Ed. D. Member Member _________________________________________________________________ Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management. December 22, 2015 Date ATTY. RAMON M. MARONILLA Acting Dean Graduate Studies...
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...pursuits, he more frequently participated in exercising with the index of 1.8 out of 5 whilst the indices for enjoyment and quality of performance are only 2 and 2.17. Lee usually works out alone but he sometimes spends one third of time exercising with friends. He mentioned that he has won the third prize in the swimming competition held by the training centre. Another category where Lee showed somewhat interest is the socialising activities with a index of 1.89. The recurrence of them is 2.11 out of 5, which refers to less than once a month. He frequently goes out to eat, hangs out with friends, goes to shopping and attends sporting events, which he always does with friends. The rating of competency and enjoyment, however, are only 2 and 2.07. Lee admitted that he sometimes goes out for the sake of it — he thinks he should go out to relax; meanwhile, going out does not fascinate him. He would rather enjoy creative activities, with the rating of 2.2 out of 3. Even though he is only somewhat interested in it (1.56 / 3) and less likely carry out (1.89 / 3), he performed it as well as he did in socialising events. Compared to the categories mentioned above, Lee showed greatest interest in quiet and resting events. Analysing the statistics of the profile, it is found that the frequency, enjoyment and quality of activities are proportional to the interest level. For relaxation and intellectual activities, the fairly high interest level of 2 and 2.22 are presented; predictably, Lee...
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...Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1973, 3, 1, pp. 49-62 Effects of Job Redesign: A Field Experiment‘ EDWARD LAWLER J. RICHAKD E. III? HACKMAN, STANLEY AND KAUFMAN Yale University A telephone company project to redesign the job of directory assistance operator was: studied in order to determine the effects on workers of “job enrichment” programs. The change increased the amount of variety and the decisionmaking autonomy in the operator’s job. However, no change in work motivation, job involvement, or growth need satisfaction occurred as a result of the changes; instead, the changes had a significant negative impact on interpersonal relationships. After the changes, the older employees reported less satisfaction with the quality of their interpersonal relationships, and those supervisors whose jobs were affected by the changes reported less job security and reduced interpersonal satisfaction. Implications of these findings for the theory of job redesign proposed by Hackman and Lawler (1971) are discussed. Numerous studies in recent years have demonstrated that jobs and tasks designed in accord with the principles of scientific management (i.e., standardization, specialization, and simplification) can lead to significant dysfunctional consequences both for the organization and for individual workers (Argyris, 1964; Blauner, 1964; Davis, 1957; Friedman, 1961; Guest, 1955; Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959; Walker, 1950; Walker & Guest, 1952). It has been shown that simple...
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...LORRAINE D’SOUZA BUSINESS POLICY SPRING TERM 2013 BUS 450 PROFESSOR BUCKLEY Case: Netflix’s Business Model and Strategy in Renting Movies and TV Episodes (case 6 in text) 1. How strong are the competitive forces in the movie rental marketplace? Do complete five-force analysis to support your answer. The five force model of competition contains 5 sections of competitive forces which include: suppliers, buyers, potential new entrants, firms in the industry offering substitute products and rivalry among competing sellers. * Suppliers- my analysis shows that this is the strongest force in the industry. They are the one that set market prices and control the distribution of their product. The amount of movies produced all depends on them. If suppliers decide to vertically integrate forward, businesses like Netflix and blockbuster will definitely be wiped out of business. * Buyers- these are the people that accept the market prices. They have no say although the market works to satisfying their needs. They have limited choice in terms of finding other entertainment sources except visual entertainment and therefore accept whatever restrictions the market sets for them. This is not a strong force in this industry. * Potential new entrants- considering...
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...declared, “The American economic, political, and social organization has given to its citizens the benefit of material prosperity, political liberty, and a wholesome of natural equality, and this achievement is a gain, not only to Americans, but to the world and to civilization.” The political organization Croly speaks of is democracy, which influences both the economic and social structures of regions that utilize. Because of Herbert’s quote, it is evident that democracy is a worthwhile venture—one that must be spread. It is because I agree with the legendary Herbert that I affirm today’s resolution: Resolved: The United States ought to promote democracy in the Middle East. We value a democracy” in the resolution contextualizing it as a question with the ideals of democracy presupposed. The Oxford Dictionary defines democracy as “A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives” Prefer the Oxford dictionary because They come from the most reliable sources The most commonly used and most useful definition of a word comes first and we have used the first definitions of democracy in these dictionaries They match the definition of democracy that normal citizens would associate with the word Our value criterion will be fulfilling the obligations of the government Americans have an obligation to assist others due to the innate value of all people Lynn-Jones 98 [(Sean M. Lynn-Jones, Editor, International...
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...ANSWERS TO CASES Chapter 1 DiGiorno Pizza: Introducing a Frozen Pizza to Compete with Carry-Out In conducting research for the launching of a new product it is imperative that the target population be identified. In this case, who are the people most likely to be interested in purchasing and consuming frozen pizzas in lieu of carry-out pizzas? How are these people to be identified for sampling (Chapter 7 refers to this group as the “frame”)? Should a test market city or area be used? Why or why not? What mode of survey such as telephone, mail, or personal interview should be used? When should these people be surveyed? Does time of day, day of the week, or season of the year make any difference? What types of measurements should be taken? Some possible measurements might include dollar amounts spent per week of pizza per family, number of pizzas purchased per month, percentage of family pizza consumption that is frozen pizza, and total amount spent per month on take out food. 1. One population that was identified was “pizza lovers”. These people may have been previously identified by market researchers based on number of pizzas purchased per month, use of coupons, or from previous surveys. Another population mentioned in the case was women ages 25 to 54. The advertisements shown on national TV were likely aimed at the general population because Kraft was attempting to achieve broader goals such as brand name recognition and a dissemination...
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...Question #1 The modern Apple, Inc., which a number of consumers have come to know and love, is considered to be the Jobs’ era. Steve Jobs was ousted from the organization during his 1985 resignation, and eventually brought back as a part of the acquisition of NeXT. He was eventually named the permanent CEO of Apple in 2000 and ultimately sculpted Apple into the revolutionary organization it has become today. Apple has been able to become a revolutionary organization because Steve Jobs implemented a different business strategy than his predecessors. According the case study, “Much of Apple’s turnaround could be credited to Steve Jobs, who had idea after idea for how to improve the company and turn its performance around. He not only consistently pushed for innovative new ideas and products but also enforced several structural changes, including ridding the company of unprofitable segments and divisions (C-143, Thompson).” Through the elimination of Apple’s less useful operations the organization was able to consolidate resources in order to concentrate on innovating, differentiating, and developing new and/or existing products. Apple has applied this strategy to its computer, digital music, tablet, and phone lines to a great deal of success. The most abundant strategy which affects all Apple’s products is how they are differentiated from the competition. From the hardware to the software, an average consumer could easily recognize an Apple product from the competition. An...
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...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Physics is considered as one of the most difficult and mathematically rigorous of the sciences as a subject in high school. A student cannot learn much in Physics if he does not develop good study habits as well as his attitudes and use towards studying. The role and study of Physics in our country is very vital in order to achieve better changes. Teaching of Physics as a subject its relationship that would enable them to apply and control the things. Good study habits are the keys to learning. Everyone cannot be brilliant but everyone can learn how to study. If one knew how to study, apply what he knows, he will be successful in his study. Knowing the best what to study will help one to be a better student. Effective study habits, even highly intelligent student failed due to inefficient work and lack of knowledge on how to study effectively. Important skills for study have to be learned and practiced. Moreover, students who put in more classroom how and who work to a more regular program of study have a better academic performance. Study habits tend to be formed in the early grades and in the most instances, do not materially improve after elementary school. Some students often complain about mental inability or strain or lack of interest in studies. Other thinks they are not capable. Background of the Study It is a common knowledge that many students fail in studying Physics; even those who work hard often study in ways considered...
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...International Financial Management Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance* Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance: The Core* Berk/DeMarzo/Harford Fundamentals of Corporate Finance* Boakes Reading and Understanding the Financial Times Brooks Financial Management: Core Concepts* Copeland/Weston/Shastri Financial Theory and Corporate Policy Dorfman/Cather Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance Eiteman/Stonehill/Moffett Multinational Business Finance Fabozzi Bond Markets: Analysis and Strategies Fabozzi/Modigliani Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments Fabozzi/Modigliani/Jones/Ferri Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions Finkler Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations Frasca Personal Finance Gitman/Joehnk/Smart Fundamentals of Investing* Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance* * denotes Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance— Brief Edition* Goldsmith Consumer Economics: Issues and Behaviors Haugen The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off and Why Haugen The New Finance: Overreaction, Complexity, and Uniqueness Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Corporate Finance Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Investments Hughes/MacDonald International Banking: Text and Cases Hull Fundamentals of Futures and Options Markets Hull Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives Hull Risk Management and Financial Institutions McDonald Fundamentals of Derivatives Markets ...
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...International Financial Management Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance* Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance: The Core* Berk/DeMarzo/Harford Fundamentals of Corporate Finance* Boakes Reading and Understanding the Financial Times Brooks Financial Management: Core Concepts* Copeland/Weston/Shastri Financial Theory and Corporate Policy Dorfman/Cather Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance Eiteman/Stonehill/Moffett Multinational Business Finance Fabozzi Bond Markets: Analysis and Strategies Fabozzi/Modigliani Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments Fabozzi/Modigliani/Jones/Ferri Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions Finkler Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations Frasca Personal Finance Gitman/Joehnk/Smart Fundamentals of Investing* Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance* * denotes Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance— Brief Edition* Goldsmith Consumer Economics: Issues and Behaviors Haugen The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off and Why Haugen The New Finance: Overreaction, Complexity, and Uniqueness Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Corporate Finance Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Investments Hughes/MacDonald International Banking: Text and Cases Hull Fundamentals of Futures and Options Markets Hull Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives Hull Risk Management and Financial Institutions McDonald Fundamentals of Derivatives Markets ...
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