...three-dimensional exams over the standard two-dimensional transvaginal and sonohysterography in diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Three dimensional color power Doppler which shows blood flow. This is a very useful technique when it comes to the visualization of tumor flow, making it useful in diagnosis the cervical and ovarian carcinomas. Different types of equipment In ultrasound there are multiple types of equipment to use depending on what you are there for will determine what is used in pregnancy. There are: Sonography in Pregnancy 6 Transvaginal scans- specially designed probe used inside the vagina to...
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...1: The Human Body: An Orientation I. An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 1–3) A. Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other, and physiology is the study of the function of body parts (p. 2). B. Topics of Anatomy (p. 2) 1. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye. a. Regional anatomy is the study of all body structures in a given body region. b. Systemic anatomy is the study of all structures in a body system. c. Surface anatomy is the study of internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin. 2. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. a. Cytology is the study of individual cells. b. Histology is the study of tissues. 3. Developmental anatomy is the study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime; embryology focuses on development that occurs before birth. 4. Specialized Branches of Anatomy a. Pathological anatomy is the study of structural changes associated with disease. b. Radiographic anatomy is the study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques. c. Molecular biology is the study of biological molecules. 5. Essential tools for studying anatomy are the mastery of medical terminology and the development of keen observational skills. ...
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...Bell’s Palsy * Sir Charles Bell first described the anatomy and function of the facial nerve in the 1800s. * Bells Palsy describes the sudden paralysis of the facial (VIIth) cranial nerve which renders the patient unable to control the facial muscles on the affected side. * Also called the facial paralysis, is a disorder of the 7th cranial (facial) nerve, characterized by unilateral paralysis of the muscles * The aetiology is unclear although for some cases the presumed pathophysiology of Bells Palsy is due to inflammation from a viral infection. * It may recur on the same or opposite side of the face, and can be transient and permanent. * This disorder can occur at any ages but most often in adults between 20 and 60. * The incidence is equal in men and women. * 80% of clients recover completely within a few weeks to a few months (3/4 recover without treatment). * 15% recover some function but have permanent facial paralysis. POSSIBLE CAUSES * Blockage of the seventh cranial nerve (Facial) * Infection from herpes simplex virus * Meningitis * Compression of the nerve by a tumor * Haemorrhage * Trauma to the facial nerve RISK FACTORS * Pregnancy increases the risk threefold – mainly seen in third trimester to first week post partum * Diabetes * Viruses: Herpes Simplex Virus and Herpes Zoster Virus Sensory Loss of taste SYMPTOMS * Sudden onset (over hours) unilateral lower motor neurone...
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...ACL Rupture in Sports PETH 197 Jacquelyn Holguin, Roy Ramirez, Audrey Beltran Seen more commonly in athletes, an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament can be a debilitating musculoskeletal injury to the knee. The most common cause of ACL injuries are Non-contact tears and ruptures. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a significant ligament for proper movement. An ACL injury causes knee instability that causes injury to other knee ligaments. Injuries of the ACL range from mild, such as small tears, to severe when the ligament is completely torn. There are several ways the ACL can be torn; the ligament tears due to it being overstretched. The movements of the knee that can result in a tear are when the knee is straightened more than 10 degrees beyond its normal maximal position. Hyperextension occurs when the lower leg is forced forward in relation to the upper leg. It can happen from a rotational injury, the knee twists when the rest of the body is moving straight. Tears in the anterior cruciate ligament often take place when the knee receives a direct impact while the leg is in a stable position, for example a standing football player is tackled sideways when his feet are firmly planted. Torn ACLs are more than often connected to high impact sports or when the knee is forced to stop suddenly at high speed and when the tibia moves forward in relation to the femur. Such types of injuries are dominant in alpine skiing, American football, basketball, rugby, professional...
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...From conception to birth, care and support of a pregnant woman is paramount. This paper will discuss the routine care that a pregnant woman would expect to receive and study the common disorders that are seen in many pregnant women, at some point or throughout their pregnancy. The first antenatal visit is the most comprehensive. For some women, this is in the first few weeks of pregnancy and for others; it may be as late as 12-14 weeks. It is often the first contact that the pregnant woman has with her health providers and can be quite daunting and scary. As the visits continue, it is normal that they are shorter but no less thorough. Most women will have visits that roughly follow a basic plan, with variations that are customized to the patient, any conditions or complications that arise. The most important thing that needs to occur between a midwife and her client is the establishment of rapport. Having a good rapport with the midwife, allows the woman to open up about what is concerning her, whether it’s physical or emotional, but also allows the midwife to discuss things that may be quite confronting or awkward. For example, not every woman will have planned her pregnancy, and so therefore, there can be fear and apprehension about whether she wants to keep the pregnancy or not. Being able to relax means the woman may reveal more about herself than she realizes, such as her general appearance (Dressed appropriately? Does her hair look dull or dry?) or even for signs...
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...with congenital heart defects, researchers said" (Ghose 2). Doctors are now able to carefully and successfully repair a baby's heart with the help of 3D bioprinting, and "...inspired a repair strategy that dramatically extended the baby's life span" (Ghose 2). "...a baby had problems with the major arteries emerging from the heart's right ventricle as well as several holes in the heart. Normally with the procedure used to fix these defects, doctors destroy so much hear tissue and reroute blood flow so dramatically that they essentially reduce the heart to two functional chambers...by looking at the anatomy in 3D, the team was able to find a better work-around and spare all four of the heart's chambers, which increased the baby's life expectancy from 20 to 30 years to near-normal, Bramlet said" (Ghose 4). With the help of a 3d printed heart replica doctors were able to study the anatomy of the heart in...
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...kidneys stop working correctly? Continue to read to find the answer. A 40-year-old white well-nourished pleasant male presented with nausea, fatigue, shortness of breath has bilateral lower leg edema with chief complains of not urinating on two days. He and his supportive wife have come to the emergency department. John Doe has not been to the doctors in 20 years. He denies smoking or alcohol abuse. He could not give any family history because he came from a closed adoption at birth. He is usually in good health but has been not feeling well the last couple of months. He currently works at a labor ware house as a manager who has worked there for the past 20 years. Him and his family have health insurance provided threw his place of employment. He and his married have two young children. His educational background is high school equivalent. After blood tests, urinalysis, and a computed tomography scan, confirmed he has PKD. I would further assess his and his wife’s needs after the Nephrologists has come firm his diagnoses with him. Some of the teaching methods for John Doe and his wife to learn about PKD would be to explain the anatomy of the human body and what the disease is all about. I would give him a packet he could take home with him, consists of a six grade level reading material with pictures of what a healthy kidney should looks like and what a kidney with PKD appears to look like. I would also give him resources to the PKD support group. A kidney is an essential organ a...
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...NQF LEVEL 4: BTEC Higher National Certificate (HNC – HSC) Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care PHYSIOLOGY Introduction This assignment will investigate the human body organ system and how they work together . Appropriate or case study provided in this assignment will be used in order to investigate the functionality of body system. Main anatomic feature of the human body will be outline, how body system interact to ensure the body functions and grows will be discussed. The part two of the assignment will look at how the body responds to physical activity and it will also identify how the body coordinated internal activities. This assignment will also look at other human body conditions such as obesity, diabetes and discus as to deal with such conditions in order to ensure the wellbeing of individuals with such conditions. THE human body is composed of ten different systems which are made of organs working in coordination with one another. These organs have to work together as they need each another to fulfil its functions. Human organs support each other’s in order to perform their function. Below is brief descriptions and functions of human body system: 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): CNS is composed of brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord. It role is to control and coordinate the body functions (coordination of nervous). Will be responsible for sensory input, integration of data and motor output. 2. Cardio vascular system...
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...the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions. 2. Embryology—Examination Questions. QS 18.2 L222L 2011] QM31.L36 2011 611.0076—dc22 2010008648 Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA DISCLAIMER Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or...
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...Slide 1 What is heart disease? Heart disease is a broad term used to describe diseases of the heart and the blood vessels around and through the heart. There are more than Eighty millions Americans that are affected by one or more types of heart disease. (Donatelle., 2011) This is a staggering number of Americans that have this disease. While this statistic does entail all of the different types of heart diseases we can get it still goes to show how much we are affect by problems with our hearts. While some people are born with defects or the disease may be hereditary, we can still avoid it. For some it may be a life change to avoid some risk of the disease. Having a heart attack will require a life change as well. Why not make the changes now before the disease hits us? It is important to be communicative with our doctors about our risk. It is good to research for information about how you as an individual can avoid certain risk factors. Knowing if there is family history of heart disease can help significantly with prevention. Even if some of us are diagnosed with heart disease there is help and treatment for the disease. Some may require surgery and some may not. There are usually some options a patient can take when being treated. Donatelle., R. J. (2011). Health: The Basics, Green Edition, Ninth Edition. Benjamin Cummings. Slide 2 It is highly important to be well aware of any risk factors that you may be susceptible too when it comes to heart disease. Since the heart...
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...Sports Injury Assignment Moira Ijzerman Georgetown District High School Patellar Dislocation What is a Patellar Dislocation? The patella rests in a groove on the anterior aspect of the femur, called the patellofemoral groove (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2011). Patellar dislocation occurs when the patella (kneecap) slides laterally out of the patella femoral groove where it normally rests (Ebraheim, 2011). Anatomy The patella bone protects the largest joint in the body, the knee (Temertzoglou & Challen, 2003). The knee is made through the union of 3 bones; the femur, tibia and the patella. (Physio Advisor, n.d.). The patella is situated at the anterior aspect of the knee and lies within the patellofemoral groove (Ebraheim, 2011) which, according to Physio Advisor (n.d.) is located on anterior of the femur. The patella is enveloped by the tendon of the quadriceps muscle, and then goes on to attach to the anterior surface of the tibia (Physio Advisor, n.d.). This relationship forms a joint designed to give the quadriceps muscle leverage when extending the knee (Sports Injury Clinic, n.d.). Each of the bones involved is lined with cartilage to allow cushioning between the bones. The patella also has connective tissue known as the patella retinaculum which attaches it on either side of the femur. This joint is known as the patellofemoral joint (Physio Advisor, n.d.). The patella normally lies in the patellofemoral grove and is only designed...
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...ITT Technical Institute IT255 Introduction to Information Systems Security Onsite Course SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4 Contact/Instructional hours: 50 (30 Theory Hours, 20 Lab Hours) Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisites: IT220 Network Standards and Protocols, IT221 Microsoft Network Operating System I, IT250 Linux Operating System Course Description: This course provides an overview of security challenges and strategies of counter measures in the information systems environment. Topics include definition of terms, concepts, elements, and goals incorporating industry standards and practices with a focus on availability, vulnerability, integrity and confidentiality aspects of information systems. Introduction to Information Systems Security Syllabus Where Does This Course Belong? This course is required for the Bachelor of Science in Information Systems Security program. This program covers the following core areas: Foundational Courses Technical Courses BSISS Project The following diagram demonstrates how this course fits in the program: IS427 Information Systems Security Capstone Project 400 Level IS404 Access Control, Authentication & KPI IS411 Security Policies & Implementation Issues IS415 System Forensics Investigation & Response IS416 Securing Windows Platforms & Applications IS418 Securing Linux Platforms & Applications IS421 Legal & Security Issues IS423 Securing Windows Platforms & Applications ...
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...one third of the patients died, another one third recovered, and the remainder developed debilitating illnesses such as recurrent abscesses, chronic empyema, bronchiectasis, or other consequences of chronic pyogenic infections. In the early postantibiotic period, sulfonamides did not improve the outcome of patients with lung abscess until the penicillins and tetracyclines were available. Although resectional surgery was often considered a treatment option in the past, the role of surgery has greatly diminished over time because most patients with uncomplicated lung abscess eventually respond to prolonged antibiotic therapy. Lung abscesses can be classified based on the duration and the likely etiology. Acute abscesses are less than 4-6 weeks old, whereas...
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...IT255 Introduction to Information Systems Security [Onsite] Course Description: This course provides an overview of security challenges and strategies of counter measures in the information systems environment. Topics include definition of terms, concepts, elements, and goals incorporating industry standards and practices with a focus on availability, vulnerability, integrity and confidentiality aspects of information systems. Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisites: IT220 Network Standards and Protocols, IT221 Microsoft Network Operating System I, IT250 Linux Operating System Credit hours: 4 Contact hours: 50 (30 Theory Hours, 20 Lab Hours) Introduction to Information Systems Security Syllabus Where Does This Course Belong? This course is required for the Bachelor of Science in Information Systems Security program. This program covers the following core areas: Foundational Courses Technical Courses BSISS Project The following diagram demonstrates how this course fits in the program: IS427 Information Systems Security 400 Level Capstone Project IS418 IS404 Access Control, Authentication & KPI IS421 Legal & Security Issues IS423 Securing Windows Platforms & Applications IS411 Security Policies & Implementation Issues IS415 System Forensics Investigation & Response IS416 Securing Windows Platforms & Applications Securing Linux Platforms & Applications 300 Level IS305 Managing Risk in Information Systems ...
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...excision procedure, a heated thin wire loop, and cold knife cone biopsy, a surgical knife or laser, to remove tissue. These two procedures are not only tools to help diagnose, but these can sometimes also be used as a treatment for very early cancerous area of the cervix (American Cancer Society, 2016). Since these procedures evaluate potentially cancerous cells, make sure to allow the patient to have time discussing his or her feelings and fears. Teach the patient the use of relaxation techniques to assist comfort and to decrease anxiety (Ignatavicius et al., 2016, p. 1458). Imaging scans are also helpful tools in diagnosing metastatic cancer. The scans include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, the commonly used imaging is the (PET). The PET can also be combined with CT images to better enhance the exact anatomy, MRI as it has a higher diagnostic assurance in detecting malignant lesions, and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose for evaluation of extra-pelvic metastases including lympnodes (Li, Wu, & Cheng, 2016). Nursing implications for patient care preparation and follow up for CT include instructing the patient to remove hairpins, hair pieces, or wigs, reassuring the patient that she will be able to communicate throughout the procedure, informing the patient about warm/cool sensation and metallic taste if contrast is used and monitoring the patient for a delayed allergic response if contrast medium was...
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